The Sustainable Seafood Movement's "theory of change" is predicated on using markets to improve the supply of, demand for and governance of sustainable fisheries. Over four articles, this thesis will examine the implications of this approach. Article I evaluates the cultural model of seafood eco-labelling and demonstrates that while the theory of using market demand to motivate fishery improvements has been a powerful incentive, consumers have had a minimal role in incentivising that change. This is validated through semi-structured consumer interviews and structured surveys (n=196), which indicate consumers' general understanding of sustainability issues. Article II examines the roles of actors in the Sustainable Seafood Movement in facilitating the growth of sustainable seafood products in the supply chain, thus explaining how in the absence of large consumer demand, certified sustainable seafood product offerings have continued to grow. Article III examines the private governance mechanisms that the Sustainable Seafood Movement has established in the supply chain and how these are rivalling, complementing and substituting those of state-led fisheries governance mechanisms. At the same time both private and public governance mechanisms continue to monopolise certain spaces, such as flag state authority. Greater coordination between these two governance systems is needed to facilitate additional sustainability gains and strengthen the resilience of these governance systems. When public and private governance efforts to improve the supply, demand and governance of sustainable seafood are looked as whole, as in Article IV, it is evident that consumers/citizens are minimally engaged. Lack of consumer/citizen engagement could lead to an undervaluing of these governance systems by society. Civic engagement organizations are needed to bridge these systems and facilitate citizen/consumer/steward engagement. Public accountability mechanisms are one means to better engage the public in both governance systems, so that sustainable fisheries are realised by collective engagement of all actors.

National Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets of landscape. They evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil positions in relation to the national and the international stage. Social characteristics are revealed though this comparative study of Banff National Park and the Cairngorms National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially imply different meanings to the people living inside the national park boundaries and those living outside the boundaries. 'Insiders' are long-term permanent residents for whom being in the park is a practical activity; 'outsiders' include scientists, conservationists, bureaucrats, and tourists, who take various ideological positions regarding the park's purpose. Both sides take a serious interest in the park and how it is managed and regard it as a place where they are 'at home'. Groups within these spaces considers their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises. Non-violent means of gaining power as theorized by Foucault and Bourdieu, employing knowledge and discourse, are highly suggestive in the study of national parks. Discourse of nature is strategically significant as it influences purpose and policy that drive government's decisions on how the park will be managed - in this way discourse shapes the culture of how we use nature. Knowledge, as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth, sparks divisiveness - in particular scientific knowledge versus experiential knowledge. Changes to the exclusive North American model, such as those instituted in the Caimgorms, mark the increased social utility and inclusive nature of national parks. The challenge remains for park managers to reconcile values connected with nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with local livelihoods.

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No. of bitstreams: 6 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese-Lisa Valéria Vieira Torres-2013 (1).pdf: 17610771 bytes, checksum: 00731638e2e19c4b78653bed950e9f47 (MD5) Tese-Lisa Valéria Vieira Torres-2013 (2).pdf: 15927021 bytes, checksum: ead518310d7e6f32e733d3a1e92ed41b (MD5) Tese-Lisa Valéria Vieira Torres-2013 (3).pdf: 7784327 bytes, checksum: 78393ade5287f0a98f094d6700b52b9f (MD5) Tese-Lisa Valéria Vieira Torres-2013 (4).pdf: 19148954 bytes, checksum: ded3c26b8cad2d62a736b9d6955f9c91 (MD5) Tese-Lisa Valéria Vieira Torres-2013 (5).pdf: 19188148 bytes, checksum: 48dfc0160bed8c2c41cdfc73fde54a6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / This thesis presents a discussion about innovation and conservation of the modern Brazilian and European Portuguese varieties, observing historical-linguistic marks in the speech of elderly people in two speech communities. The first is located in Pilar de Goiás, in the central-western region of Brazil. The choice of this city is due to geographic and social factors contained in their formation, provided by the passage of the Bandeiras. The second community is in Trás-os- -Montes, a region located at northeast of Portugal. It was decided by the guidelines of the corpus of Trás-os-Montes, because a read of José Leite de Vasconcellos (1929) that contained references to linguistic aspects of conservation in relation to the Romance languages. This paper aims to broaden the debate on issues of conservation and innovation of varieties of Portuguese, present in the speech of the residents of these places, from the theoretical perspective of the project Linguistics and History of the Colonization of Goiás, developed by the program of post graduated studies in Literature and Linguistics at the Federal University of Goiás. In this connexion we discuss the hypothesis of shared linguistic features and we rank similarities and differences, especially with regard to the state standard of the Portuguese. Two field researches, a qualitative study, were conducted between 2009 and 2011, through recorded interviews with Brazilian and Portuguese people. We selected 8 residents in Pilar de Goiás and 8 of Trás-os-Montes. The theoretical scope of this thesis revisited, given its nature, permeates areas of linguistics discussing the implications of the spoken language, namely: Sociolinguistics, Dialectology and Geolinguistics, besides considering the Ecolinguistics as a key proposal, since the conception of language advocated in this work fits into the relationship between the natural, mental and social environment, established through acts of communicative interaction. The analysis of oral records reveals that are shared features between these two communities, especially with regard to paragoge visible in the two variants of the Portuguese language .On the other hand,concerning the innovative aspects, the differences are remarkable mainly in the syntax. / Apresenta-se nesta tese uma discussão sobre a inovação e conservação do português moderno nas variedades brasileira e lusitana, observando marcas histórico-linguísticas na fala de idosos de duas comunidades de fala. A primeira se localiza em Pilar de Goiás, na região centro- -oeste do Brasil. A escolha dessa cidade se deu a fatores geográficos e sociais contidos em sua formação, proporcionados pela passagem das Bandeiras. A segunda comunidade está em Trás-os-Montes, uma região localizada a nordeste de Portugal. Decidiu-se pelo enquadramento do corpus de Trás-os-Montes devido à leitura de um opúsculo de José Leite de Vasconcelos (1929) que continha referências sobre aspectos linguísticos de conservação em relação à língua românica.O objetivo deste trabalho; pois, é ampliar o debate sobre aspectos de conservação e inovação das variedades da língua portuguesa, apontadas nas falas dos moradores destas localidades, sob os moldes do projeto A Linguística e a História da Colonização de Goiás, desenvolvido pelo departamento de Pós-Graduação em Letras e Linguística da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Nessa direção, verificam-se traços linguísticos compartilhados e elencar semelhanças e diferenças, principalmente no que se refere à norma estatal do português ( considerada padrão). Duas pesquisas de campo, de cunho qualitativo, foram realizadas entre 2009 e 2011, por meio de entrevistas gravadas com brasileiros e portugueses. Selecionou-se oito sujeitos residentes em Pilar de Goiás e 8 sujeitos de Trás-os-Montes. O escopo teórico revisitado nesta tese, dada sua natureza, perpassa por áreas da Linguística que discutem as implicações da língua falada, a saber: Sociolinguística, Dialetologia e Geolinguística, além de considerar a Ecolinguística como uma proposta fundamental, uma vez que a concepção de língua defendida neste trabalho, se insere na relação entre meio ambiente natural, mental e social, estabelecida por meio de atos de interação comunicativa. Verificou-se, pela análise dos registros orais, que há traços compartilhados entre as duas comunidades referidas, principalmente no que se refere à paragoge, visível nas duas variantes da língua portuguesa. Por outro lado, no que respeita a aspectos inovadores, as dessemelhanças são perceptíveis, principalmente, na sintaxe.