<p>This thesis aims at describing and analysing the process and content in knowledge development within a research circle. The participants in this circle are seven teachers who work with multilingual children diagnosed within the autism spectrum, and me as a researcher.</p><p>The study is conducted within the tradition of participatory-oriented research. The research issue concerns the questions these teachers ask themselves in their everyday work. The study, consisting of twelve meetings, was carried out during 2004-2005. In the final meeting material collected in the circle was analysed together by all participants. The knowledge-content analysis disclosed four main themes: mother-tongue issues, disabilities and diagnoses, the issue of frames and matters related to working with parents and other professionals. The results show that once a child is diagnosed within the autism spectrum the diagnosis “takes over” and mother-tongue instruction is seldom discussed.</p><p>The participants in the circle found it difficult to collaborate with the various authorities involved in working with a child and its family. They also found it difficult to communicate with parents, due to language barriers, different cultural contexts, and the observation that interpreters did not translate properly. The participants noted an existing hierarchy in relation to doctors and psychologists, regarded as having the mandate to assess a child’s ability and suggest placement in class.</p><p>A conclusion is that the work of the teachers entails a high degree of complexity, and that knowledge meetings and collaboration between parents, teachers, and the various authorities are needed. During the circle process emancipating collective knowledge was constructed transcending what any participant had from the start. Experiences discussed in continuing dialogues, and in an on-going process, seem to be essential for generation of knowledge. When experiences were challenged, potentials for different actions were revealed.</p>

<p>I chose the diagnosis Asperger’s syndrome as subject for my graduation paper, because I believe it is relevant to my education. As a future pedagogue I may very well come in contact with children and adolescents diagnosed with different syndromes and I want to be prepared. The purpose of my paper is to investigate pedagogues’ views on how to facilitate school work for children diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome.</p><p>In order to find out how school pedagogues work I chose interviews as method for my research. Initially, my idea was to interview five teachers, but during the course of my work my opinion and my choices have changed. My final interview subjects were: three teachers, one assistant and one special pedagogue. These five persons share purpose and goals but use different methods. Their approach, I believe, contains a high level of aspiration towards creating a pleasant school environment where children and adolescents diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome can develop. To cumulate background facts on Asperger’s syndrome and its symptoms, I have used literature and electronic resources.</p><p>Upon completing my research it became evident that all subjects interviewed agree that these students need a structured and tranquil environment. To assist a student during the day one can place a schedule on the blackboard that is used by either the entire group or place an individual schedule at the student’s seat. The interview subjects also stressed the fact that as pedagogues it is important to implement flexibility in one’s teaching as well as in one’s planning of classes. It is also important that these children and adolescents are met in a way that matches their abilities and knowledge.</p><p> </p> / <p>Jag valde att skriva mitt examensarbete om diagnosen Aspergers syndrom. Anledningen är att jag anser ämnet relevant för den utbildning jag läser. Som blivande pedagog vill jag vara förberedd då jag kan möta barn och ungdomar med olika former av diagnoser. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka pedagogernas syn på hur man kan underlätta skoldagen för elever med Aspergers syndrom.</p><p>För att få reda på hur pedagoger ute i skolorna arbetar valde jag intervju som metod för min undersökning. Min tanke var från början att intervjua fem lärare men under arbetets gång ändrades min uppfattning och mina val. De val jag slutligen gjorde var att intervjua; tre lärare, en assistent samt en specialpedagog. Dessa fem personer arbetar mot samma mål och med samma syfte men på olika sätt. Deras arbetssätt anser jag är en hög strävan mot att barn och ungdomar med Aspergers syndrom skall trivas samt att det skall finnas möjlighet för utveckling i skolan.  För att få bakgrundsfakta om diagnosen Aspergers syndrom samt information om vilka symptom som kan finnas hos barnen har jag använt mig av litteratur samt elektroniska källor.</p><p>Resultatet efter att ha genomfört min undersökning visar att alla intervjupersoner är eniga om att elever med Aspergers syndrom behöver en strukturerad och lugn miljö. För att hjälpa eleven under dagen kan man använda sig av schema på tavlan som hela gruppen följer eller ett enskilt schema som kan placeras vid elevens plats. Intervjupersonerna tar även upp att det som pedagog gäller att vara flexibel i sin undervisning samt i sin planering av lektionerna. Det är även viktigt att dessa barn och ungdomar bemöts efter deras förmåga och kunskap.</p>

This thesis aims at describing and analysing the process and content in knowledge development within a research circle. The participants in this circle are seven teachers who work with multilingual children diagnosed within the autism spectrum, and me as a researcher. The study is conducted within the tradition of participatory-oriented research. The research issue concerns the questions these teachers ask themselves in their everyday work. The study, consisting of twelve meetings, was carried out during 2004-2005. In the final meeting material collected in the circle was analysed together by all participants. The knowledge-content analysis disclosed four main themes: mother-tongue issues, disabilities and diagnoses, the issue of frames and matters related to working with parents and other professionals. The results show that once a child is diagnosed within the autism spectrum the diagnosis “takes over” and mother-tongue instruction is seldom discussed. The participants in the circle found it difficult to collaborate with the various authorities involved in working with a child and its family. They also found it difficult to communicate with parents, due to language barriers, different cultural contexts, and the observation that interpreters did not translate properly. The participants noted an existing hierarchy in relation to doctors and psychologists, regarded as having the mandate to assess a child’s ability and suggest placement in class. A conclusion is that the work of the teachers entails a high degree of complexity, and that knowledge meetings and collaboration between parents, teachers, and the various authorities are needed. During the circle process emancipating collective knowledge was constructed transcending what any participant had from the start. Experiences discussed in continuing dialogues, and in an on-going process, seem to be essential for generation of knowledge. When experiences were challenged, potentials for different actions were revealed.

I chose the diagnosis Asperger’s syndrome as subject for my graduation paper, because I believe it is relevant to my education. As a future pedagogue I may very well come in contact with children and adolescents diagnosed with different syndromes and I want to be prepared. The purpose of my paper is to investigate pedagogues’ views on how to facilitate school work for children diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome. In order to find out how school pedagogues work I chose interviews as method for my research. Initially, my idea was to interview five teachers, but during the course of my work my opinion and my choices have changed. My final interview subjects were: three teachers, one assistant and one special pedagogue. These five persons share purpose and goals but use different methods. Their approach, I believe, contains a high level of aspiration towards creating a pleasant school environment where children and adolescents diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome can develop. To cumulate background facts on Asperger’s syndrome and its symptoms, I have used literature and electronic resources. Upon completing my research it became evident that all subjects interviewed agree that these students need a structured and tranquil environment. To assist a student during the day one can place a schedule on the blackboard that is used by either the entire group or place an individual schedule at the student’s seat. The interview subjects also stressed the fact that as pedagogues it is important to implement flexibility in one’s teaching as well as in one’s planning of classes. It is also important that these children and adolescents are met in a way that matches their abilities and knowledge. / Jag valde att skriva mitt examensarbete om diagnosen Aspergers syndrom. Anledningen är att jag anser ämnet relevant för den utbildning jag läser. Som blivande pedagog vill jag vara förberedd då jag kan möta barn och ungdomar med olika former av diagnoser. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka pedagogernas syn på hur man kan underlätta skoldagen för elever med Aspergers syndrom. För att få reda på hur pedagoger ute i skolorna arbetar valde jag intervju som metod för min undersökning. Min tanke var från början att intervjua fem lärare men under arbetets gång ändrades min uppfattning och mina val. De val jag slutligen gjorde var att intervjua; tre lärare, en assistent samt en specialpedagog. Dessa fem personer arbetar mot samma mål och med samma syfte men på olika sätt. Deras arbetssätt anser jag är en hög strävan mot att barn och ungdomar med Aspergers syndrom skall trivas samt att det skall finnas möjlighet för utveckling i skolan.  För att få bakgrundsfakta om diagnosen Aspergers syndrom samt information om vilka symptom som kan finnas hos barnen har jag använt mig av litteratur samt elektroniska källor. Resultatet efter att ha genomfört min undersökning visar att alla intervjupersoner är eniga om att elever med Aspergers syndrom behöver en strukturerad och lugn miljö. För att hjälpa eleven under dagen kan man använda sig av schema på tavlan som hela gruppen följer eller ett enskilt schema som kan placeras vid elevens plats. Intervjupersonerna tar även upp att det som pedagog gäller att vara flexibel i sin undervisning samt i sin planering av lektionerna. Det är även viktigt att dessa barn och ungdomar bemöts efter deras förmåga och kunskap.

<p>Syftet med min uppsats är alltså att ta reda på hur man kan underlätta elevers, som har Aspergers syndrom eller visar tecken på att befinna sig inom kriterierna för diagnosbedömningen utav Aspergers syndrom, vanliga skolgång. Den metod jag har använt mig av i undersökningen är kvalitativa intervjuer.</p><p>Det resultat som framkommit är att de intervjuade pedagogernas verktyg för att jobba med elever som har Aspergers syndrom kan man likväl använda i det vanliga klassrummet, med små förändringar. Med god planering, tydliga regler, tydliga rutiner, ett öppet sinne och tydlighet så funkar de intervjuades arbetssätt även i det vanliga klassrummet. Något som framkom i en intervju var att man önskade sig en egen läroplan för elever med Aspergers syndrom med tanke på att dem ibland kan behöva mer träning inom det som hör till det sociala livet så att säga och att man inte hinner med det på samma sätt eftersom man har läroplanen att följa till punkt och pricka.</p> / <p>The purpose of this paper is to examine how to make the regular school attendence easier for children with Asperger´s syndrome or children which haven´t got the diagnosis just yet. The study is based on interviews with four educationalists. The results shows that the tools the interviewed educationalists use in their work can be applied on the regular school class work, with small changes though. With good planning, legible rules, legible routines, an opened mind and just to be legible are working for the interviewed so it will work for an ordinary educationalist as well. Another thing that the results showed was that some of the interviewed educationalists wished for a special curriculum for pupils with Asperger´s syndrome since they often need more social training then the present curriculum allows.</p>

Syftet med min uppsats är alltså att ta reda på hur man kan underlätta elevers, som har Aspergers syndrom eller visar tecken på att befinna sig inom kriterierna för diagnosbedömningen utav Aspergers syndrom, vanliga skolgång. Den metod jag har använt mig av i undersökningen är kvalitativa intervjuer. Det resultat som framkommit är att de intervjuade pedagogernas verktyg för att jobba med elever som har Aspergers syndrom kan man likväl använda i det vanliga klassrummet, med små förändringar. Med god planering, tydliga regler, tydliga rutiner, ett öppet sinne och tydlighet så funkar de intervjuades arbetssätt även i det vanliga klassrummet. Något som framkom i en intervju var att man önskade sig en egen läroplan för elever med Aspergers syndrom med tanke på att dem ibland kan behöva mer träning inom det som hör till det sociala livet så att säga och att man inte hinner med det på samma sätt eftersom man har läroplanen att följa till punkt och pricka. / The purpose of this paper is to examine how to make the regular school attendence easier for children with Asperger´s syndrome or children which haven´t got the diagnosis just yet. The study is based on interviews with four educationalists. The results shows that the tools the interviewed educationalists use in their work can be applied on the regular school class work, with small changes though. With good planning, legible rules, legible routines, an opened mind and just to be legible are working for the interviewed so it will work for an ordinary educationalist as well. Another thing that the results showed was that some of the interviewed educationalists wished for a special curriculum for pupils with Asperger´s syndrome since they often need more social training then the present curriculum allows.

Att ha diagnosen Aspergers syndrom innebär bl a sociala problem och psykisk sårbarhet. Denna kvalitativa studie omfattar intervjuer med fyra  psykoterapeuter och en psykolog, som har erfarenhet av att behandla personer med Aspergers syndrom. Syftet med studien är att undersöka psykoterapeuters syn på psykodynamisk psykoterapi med personer med Asperger syndrom. Frågeställningarna har varit: hur lägger man upp en terapeutisk behandling för personer med Aspergers syndrom? Vilka aspekter inom terapin med personer med Aspergers syndrom är viktiga för behandlingen?  Studien visar att teraputerna arbetar utifrån olika psykodynamiska teorier. Terapeuten behöver också ha stora kunskaper om funktionshindret. Att terapeuten har kunskap om vilka effekter funktionshindret har på personer med Asperger syndrom medför att viktiga komponenter som bemötande och arbetsallians möjliggörs och som är grunden för ett fortsatt behandlingsarbete. Vidare anses det viktigt att ta hänsyn till den specifika livssituation och historia som personer med Aspergers syndrom har, eftersom tidigare erfarenheter har betydelse för hur patienten handlar, reagerar och förstår sina livsmönster i nuet. Samtliga terapeuter betonar att personer med Aspergers syndrom i behandlingen har förbättrat sitt sociala samspel. Dessutom tycks det som att det fordras mycket av terapeuten i behandlingen med denna målgrupp eftersom det är långa behandlingar och att det är känslomässigt påfrestande att arbeta med personer med Aspergers. / To be diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome involves among other social problems and psychological vulnerability. The sample consists of four psychotherapists and one psychologist, who have experience in treating people with Asperger syndrome. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychotherapists’ view of psychodynamic psychotherapy with people with Asperger syndrome. Questions have been; How do you set up a therapeutic treatment for people with Asperger's syndrome? What aspects in therapy with people with Asperger syndrome are important to the treatment? The study shows that therapists work from various psychodynamic theories. The therapist must also have vast knowledge of the disability. The therapist’s knowledge of the effects disability has on people with Asperger syndrome causes the key components that touch and working alliance is made possible and is the basis for continuing treatment work. Furthermore, it is important to take into account the specific situation in life and history that people with Asperger syndrome have, because past experience is relevant to how the patient react and understand their patterns of life in the present. All therapists stress that people with Asperger syndrome in treatment have improved their social interaction. Moreover, it seems that it requires a lot of the therapist in the treatment with this audience, because it is long treatments and that it is emotionally stressful to work with people with Asperger's

The thesis called "Mathematics for children with special educational needs in primary school focused on the Asperger´s Syndrome issue" (hereinafter referred to as AS) introduces the problematic of AS and recommends specific teachings methods for pupils having AS. The thesis is divided into four thematic chapters. The first chapter introduces the AS itself. It describes all the typical characteristics, especially problems in the area of communication and establishing social relationships which are substantial at AS. However, all these issues have a solution. This chapter therefore includes a relevant overview of methods and techniques that can help individuals with AS. Then we introduce educational methods of children with AS in primary schools. There are different ways to educate individuals with AS, i.e. individuals with specific educational needs. The major ones are their integration at primary school or their specific education in dedicated classrooms. In this work we also deal with the issue of bullying these children. We note there is number of tutorials on how to prevent existing bullying. The chapter dealing with education of children with AS at primary schools is terminated by a description of methods of teaching these individuals. In the following section we refer to the key part of the thesis which is mathematics. In the thesis we report about the subject matter of mathematics at primary school in detail. The thesis also includes areas investigated in our own research. From all the forms and methods of teaching we are trying to highlight those that are beneficial and convenient for individuals with AS. The practical part includes description of work with two pupils with the AS diagnosis. The research was conducted in two main phases. During the first one the pupils were observed in mathematics lessons, in the second one then they filled in prepared worksheets, whose main aim was to assist them in areas where they are weak or not as good as in other areas of mathematics. We have attached several worksheets to the thesis and with their help we illustrate the results of our work. In the final discussion there are summarized lessons learned and given some practical verification instructions for working with pupils with AS.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Malta Campos.pdf: 466983 bytes, checksum: e34e360a58b6aa4ed21bde8fb800caac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This research aimed a daseinsanalytical understanding of the teenager Christopher s being-in-the-world (protagonist of the novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time), explaining the relationships of the character with others who are presented in his world. Christopher s manifestations can also be diagnosed as Asperger s Syndrome, according to DSM-IV-TR. The phenomenological method described by Giorgi was used to emerge the Christopher s being-with others phenomena, following a daseinsanalytical understanding based on the contributions of Martin Heidegger in his Zollikon Seminars. These seminars exposed Daseinsanalysis as an instrument able to understand healthy and sick existence, from appropriated concepts to human being. The research found out that Christopher get on with others predominantly in strangeness, seeing people many times as potently nocuous and seeking lonesomeness. The phenomena being-with others was demonstrated in Christopher s life, which suggests that this study confirms some of Heidegger s postulations. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar uma compreensão daseinsanalítica do ser-no-mundo do adolescente Christopher, protagonista do romance O Estranho Caso do Cachorro Morto, explicitando as relações do personagem com as pessoas de seu mundo. O adolescente descrito no livro pode ser diagnosticado com Transtorno de Asperger, de acordo com critérios do DSM-IV-TR. Utilizou-se do método fenomenológico, conforme descrito por Giorgi, para realizar a emersão do fenômeno ser-com os outros do referido personagem, seguindo-se compreensão daseinsanalítica embasada nas contribuições do filósofo Martin Heidegger nos Seminários de Zollikon. Estes seminários visaram expor a Daseinsanalyse como instrumento capaz de compreender o existir sadio e o existir doente em geral a partir de concepções próprias à existência humana. Os principais resultados da análise apontam que Christopher relaciona-se com os outros predominantemente no modo da estranheza, enxergando as pessoas muitas vezes como potencialmente nocivas e buscando o isolamento. O fenômeno existencial ser-com foi concretamente demonstrado na vida do personagem, o que leva a pensar que em alguns momentos da análise o estudo ganhou um certo caráter de confirmação de postulações heideggerianas.