This dissertation evaluates veteran participation in the martial art of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) as a tool of reassimilation for veterans suffering from anxiety, stress and/or combat PTSD associated with military deployment. From the onset of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation New Dawn, challenges associated with U.S. Veteran assimilation and reintegration have been increasing. Coping with long term displacement, trauma, loss, and making sense of identity shifts between being an active duty service member and civilian can often present challenges when navigating back into civilian life. By utilizing a neuroanthropological lens, ethnographic inquiry, surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups, this research advances anthropology’s understanding of how sport participation may have the ability to combat assimilation and mental health challenges that are a result of combative trauma exposure. I examine BJJ as a physical and mental tool for strengthening social bonds, buttressing identity formation, and easing the burden of transitioning into a civilian life after enduring time within a combative theater. This analysis is a building block for future research that will explore BJJ as an avenue of elective intervention for veterans suffering from stress and anxiety disorders associated with time in service.

This thesis seeks to explore the relationship between Mormon assimilation, exceptionalism, and their endeavors in secular reading by analyzing Out of the Best Books (OOBB), a 1964–71 five-volume reading guide and reading program on secular reading established by the Mormon Church for its women’s organization, the Relief Society. Examining the approaches to secular literature in the OOBB program suggests that Mormons can respond to their competing desires to separate and assimilate by making efforts that fulfill both aspirations simultaneously rather than moving exclusively in one direction. Yet OOBB’s efforts to achieve both objectives did not amount to an entirely seamless navigation of this paradox. The program’s attempts to incorporate texts that might challenge Mormon notions of morality as well as their efforts to introduce world literature and fully address their female audience raised additional tensions particularly relevant to contemporary Mormonism, suggesting the complexity of Mormons navigating this identity paradox both within the context of the OOBB program and today. Furthermore, this examination of OOBB offers a venture at fleshing out the history of Mormon reading, confirming Mormons’ relationship to literature as central to their conception and expression of identity and situating Mormon reading endeavors in the broader context of American reading practices.

This study endeavours to explore the diasporic processes of Sri Lankan Tamils in Sydney, their cultural life, their migration patterns, their long-distance nationalism and their audiovisual media consumption. In doing so it presents a social profile of the Sri Lankan Tamils in Sydney while exploring the communities' demographical and topographical features. The ethnic unrest in Sri Lanka and the changing immigration policies in Australia were the major factors influencing migration of the Sri Lankan Tamils to Australia. This study delves into the various aspects of everyday Tamil life, like Tamil periodicals, associations, films and schools. It is an attempt to understand the individual, cross-cultural and communal dynamics of the way these cultural institutions are used by Sri Lankan Tamils in Sydney to maintain and negotiate their cultural identity in Australia. / Master of Arts (Hons)

This thesis is concerned with migrants’ experience of their acceptance and well-being in Australian society, particularly the unconscious processes reflected in dreams and communication patterns; the provision of services intended to be of help in settlement; and the relationship between the unconscious processes and the provision of services. Collaborating with clients, colleagues who share similar interests and concerns, people with special skills and cultural knowledge, and some Management Committee members of the Migrant Resource Centre of Canberra and Queanbeyan, Inc. the author has investigated the multicultural unconscious, government policies and guidelines related to services to recent arrivals and people of non-English-speaking backgrounds, measures to address gaps in services for appropriate improvement. The research approach is naturalistic with a strong emphasis on the author’s personal reflections and case studies of people and projects. / Master of Science (Hons) Social Ecology

This thesis explores place-based experiences of non-Indigenous persons in Australia. It examines the extent to which it is possible for non-Indigenous persons to enter deeply into Indigenous ways of seeing and/or knowing place and what the implications of this may be in terms of personal identity and belonging in Australia today. The thesis draws upon the emerging cross-disciplinary field of place studies and is embedded in the discursive space of the encounter between Western and Indigenous knowledge systems. The Indigenous concept of ganma, meaning ‘meeting place’, the meeting of saltwater and freshwater bodies, is the organising principle by which the encounter is examined. Because place-based experiences are the central focus of this study, phenomenology has been chosen as the methodological framework that can hold the complexity, multilayered meaning and ambiguity characteristic of the human experience. What informs this research is a hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry. The specific methods used to carry through such an approach involve three aspects: observations of and conversations with Aboriginal Yuin Elder Uncle Max Harrison in order to shed light on the cross cultural experience; open-ended phenomenological interviews with four participants who received land-based teachings with the Elder aimed at bringing forth the quality of their experiences; and first person phenomenological research through different forms of textual production that reflect the nature of deep engagement and dialogue with place. The discussion chapters confirm the complexities of the encounter between two cultures yet demand a rethink of the intercultural space, the ganma. A new notion of ganma is proposed where a shared sense of place between Indigenous and non-Indigenous persons is Participants in the research had a powerful and profound embodied experience of Aboriginal culture, of Aboriginal place or country. These outcomes derive not through borrowing from or wholesale appropriation of another culture, but from direct experiencing and through direct dialogue. The nexus of the interchange is revealed to be an exceedingly complex structure. First, place is no blank space - it is inscribed and saturated with meaning. Country continues to exert its influence, inform, evolve and reveal itself. The potency of country is particularly strong when that site is a sacred site. Second, the influence of the Aboriginal Elder, as mediator of the teaching sites, has considerable impact. Third, the individual’s own psychic contents are brought to bear in any relationship with place. It is posited that an unhinging takes place that allows the shift from one mode of experiencing reality, a Western way of inhabiting the world, to another mode, an Indigenous way of being in the world. The venturer into the new ganma straddles both worlds, is able to adjust to the transfer of knowledge from one cultural context to another and adopts aspects of both cultures into their new conceptual framework. This new merging of the ancient and the modern incorporates place as inscribed with ancient meanings and place with new meanings and new inscriptions. Narratives of place embody the evolving notion of switching modes of reality to switching modes of being as new ongoing forms that challenge existing cultural explanations. The integration of an Aboriginal worldview in non-Indigenous persons may be leading towards the development of a new sensitivity that connects us with place, more informed by Indigenous ways of being. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis examines the construction of ?Chineseness? by Australian-born Chinese through their interactions with mainstream ?white? society and Chinese diasporic communities in Australia. It represents an interdisciplinary study based on qualitative research and critical analysis of forty-three in-depth interviews with Australian-born Chinese whose families have resided in Australia for three generations or more. Diasporic narratives, fraught with contentions over belonging and difference, often lead to ambiguous ramifications of identity formation. While the notion of hybridity problematises the unsettling boundaries of identities, there is still a continuing perception that ethnic identification decreases over successive generations, resulting in assimilation. However, contrary to this assumption, this study shows that subsequent generations also encounter complicated experiences involving both feelings of cultural ambivalence and enrichment. While the rewriting of identity takes place against the varying circumstances of resettlement, the experiences and transitions across the respondents? life course concurrently inscribes Chineseness onto their lives in diverse ways. Furthermore, Chineseness is continually (re)constructed through decentered connections with an imaginary homeland. Consequently, despite generational longevity, strong affinities with Australian society and longstanding national identities grounded in Australian culture, Chineseness is still a significant part of their identity, whether they willingly choose to associate with it or not. The focus on revaluating the concept of Chineseness and elucidating the sense of identity of sequential generations has important ramifications for the development of a more informed theoretical model for understanding the long-term effects of migration, especially on the process of identity formation and feelings of home and belonging.

The radical transformations attendant upon the imposition of colonial rule on the Siksikaitsitapi or Blackfoot of northern Alberta and southern Montana are examined in this dissertation in order to emphasise the threads of continuity within a tapestry of cultural change c.1870-1920. The dissertation traces cultural persistence through the analysis of texts of history and literature that constructed Blackfoot subjectivity in the half-century following the end of traditional lifeways and settlement on three reserves in Canada and one reservation in the United States of America. This interdisciplinary thesis has been undertaken jointly in the School of History and Philosophy, and the School of English, Media and Performance Studies. It combines the tools of historical research and literary criticism to analyse the discourses and counter-discourses that served to construct Blackfoot subjectivity in colonial texts. It engages with the ways in which the Blackfoot navigated colonisation and resisted forced acculturation while adopting strategies of accommodation to ensure social reproduction and even physical survival in this period. To this end, it presents four case studies, each focusing on a discrete process of Blackfoot cultural transformation: a) the resistance to acculturation and cultural revitalisation as it relates to the practice of Ookaan (Sun Dance); b) the power shifts ushered in by European contact and the intersection between power and Blackfoot dress practices; c) the participation of Blackfoot "organic intellectuals" in the construction of Blackfoot history through the transformation of oral stories into text via the ethnographic encounter; and d) the continuing links between Blackfoot history and literature, and contemporary fictional representations of Blackfoot subjectivity by First Nations authors. This thesis acknowledges that Blackfoot history and literature have been constructed through a complex matrix of textual representations from their earliest contacts with Europeans. This dissertation is a study of the intersection between textual representations of the Blackfoot, and resistance, persistence and cultural revitalisation 1870-1920. It seeks to contribute to debates on the capacity of the colonised Other to exercise agency. It engages with views articulated by organic intellectuals, and Blackfoot and other First Nations scholars, in order to foster a dialogue between Blackfoot and non-Blackfoot scholarship.

La prévision des états de mer est un domaine d'une extrême importance pour la planification des opérations en mer, pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité des personnels et des matériels mis en oeuvre. Les modèles de prévision actuels reposent sur une description stochastique de l'état de mer et ne prédisent pas de façon déterministe l'évolution de la houle, mais seulement celle des données spectrales dont on tire des grandeurs statistiques moyennes caractéristiques d'un état de mer. Face au besoin réel de données précises à court terme, un modèle de prévision déterministe a été développé dans le but d'améliorer l'efficacité des opérations offshore requérant une connaissance précise de la houle sur un site d'intérêt. Après avoir réalisé une étude théorique permettant de déterminer la zone spatio-temporelle de prévision disponible en fonction des caractéristiques du champ de vagues courant et des conditions de mesure, nous avons élaboré deux procédures d'assimilation de données variationnelles afin de combiner au mieux les mesures recueillies sur site et le modèle de propagation de houle choisi. Ce modèle est d'ordre deux dans le cas de houles faiblement à moyennement cambrées, ou d'ordre élevé reposant sur le modèle numérique High-Order Spectral (HOS) pour les houles cambrées non-linéaires. Les modèles à l'ordre deux étendu et à l'ordre HOS M = 3 ont été validés pour la prévision de houles 2D synthétiques et expérimentales : les erreurs moyennes de prévision obtenues sont au moins divisées par deux par rapport à une approche linéaire, l'amélioration étant d'autant plus probante que la cambrure de la houle et l'ordre du modèle sont élevés.

Ce travail porte sur la comparaison de deux familles de méthodes d'assimilation de données de rang réduit en océanographie physique : l'approche séquentielle de type filtre SEEK et l'approche variationnelle de type 4D-Var réduit. Cette comparaison est d'abord effectuée dans un cadre idéal d'expériences jumelles puis dans un cadre réaliste avec l'assimilation de profils réels de température dans l'océan Pacifique Tropical sur une année. Les caractéristiques propres à chaque méthode sont mises en évidence. La pertinence physique des résultats est vérifiée par comparaison avec des données indépendantes. On présente enfin une méthode hybride combinant l'estimation d'erreur du filtrage du SEEK et le lissage du 4D-Var réduit.

Le problème de l'assimilation de données sous sa forme générale peut se formuler : "comment utiliser simultanément un modèle théorique et des observations pour obtenir la meilleure prévision météorologique ou océanographique ?", sa résolution est très coûteuse, pour la prochaine génération de modèles elle nécessitera une puissance de calcul de l'ordre de 10 Tflops. à l'heure actuelle, aucun calculateur n'est capable de fournir de telles performances mais cela devrait être possible dans quelques années, en particulier grâce aux ordinateurs parallèles à mémoire distribuée. Mais, la programmation de ces machines reste un processus compliqué et on ne connaît pas de méthode générale pour paralléliser de manière optimale un algorithme donné. Nous tenterons, de répondre au problème de la parallélisation de l'assimilation de données variationnelle, ce qui nous conduira à étudier la parallélisation d'algorithmes numériques d'optimisation assez généraux. Pour cela, nous étendrons la méthodologie de l'écriture des modèles adjoints au cas où le modèle direct est parallèle avec échanges de messages explicites. Nous étudierons les différentes approches possibles pour paralléliser la résolution du problème de l'assimilation de données : au niveau des modèles météorologiques direct et adjoints, au niveau de l'algorithme d'optimisation ou enfin au niveau du problème lui-même. Cela nous conduira à transformer un problème séquentiel d'optimisation sans contraintes en un ensemble de problèmes d'optimisation relativement indépendants qui pourront être résolus en parallèle. Nous étudierons plusieurs variantes de ces trois approches très générales et leur utilité dans le cadre du problème de l'assimilation de données. Nous terminerons par l'application des méthodes de parallélisation précédentes au modèle de Shallow Water et comparerons leurs performances. Nous présenterons également une parallélisation du modèle météorologique ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System).