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“Inside the bubble”: a look at the experiences of student-athletes in revenue-producing sports during college and beyondMenke, Donna J. January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Special Education / Christy D. Craft / This phenomenological study sought to address the overarching research questions: What are the costs and benefits of participation in Division I college sports? How does participation in Division I college sports prepare student-athletes for life after college? A qualitative methodology was selected to provide richer data than that which could be collected via surveys. The researcher interviewed 15 former student-athletes, each of whom participated in either football or men’s basketball at one Division I institution. According to the study participants, having a strong support system, including a career networking system and gaining positive attributes were the benefits of the experience. The heavy time commitment, the perceptions of others outside of athletics, and health challenges were all cited as costs of the experience. For the most part, participants of the study believed their college experience prepared them for life after college by providing career networking opportunities as well as attributes that are valuable in their work and personal lives.
Four recommendations for practice were revealed from this study. First, athletic department personnel, campus administrators, and student service unit across campus, should help student-athletes understand and market attributes they are gaining in their roles as athletes and students. Second, campus professionals can help these young adults deal with the negative perceptions and treatment they receive from others on campus. In addition, campus administrators should act to minimize negative stereotypes by speaking out against them and emphasizing the positive examples that are sure to exist on campus. Finally, these professional can learn more about the long-term mental and physical health concerns associated with participation in high-stress, physical college sports and educate participants on preventing or minimizing the potential health consequences of their participation.
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Work hard play hard: exploring alcohol consumption among student-athletesRodgers, Joseph January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Nancy Muturi / Collegiate student-athletes have been identified as an especially at-risk subgroup for heavy alcohol use as compared to the general college student population. Despite the intense physical demands required for athletic participation, national studies have found that intercollegiate athletes consumed more alcohol, engaged in more frequent heavy episodic drinking, and experienced more negative alcohol-related consequences as compared with non-athletes.
A combination of structured open-ended and closed-ended questions was used in the current study. Data was collected from student-athletes across the United States through semi-structured, individual interviews informed by the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and its constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). Open coding was the chosen method for data analysis for the study. Codes, accompanied by descriptives, were organized into themes as they related to the research questions and the theory of planned behavior.
Results show that nearly half (49%) of student-athletes report drinking five or more drinks in one-sitting, with the majority of student-athletes consuming alcohol only 1-2 times per week at parties. Student-athletes’ attitudes towards heavy drinking and alcohol outcome expectancies are apparent in two themes: sexual risk taking and athletic training justification. Many respondents expressed alcohol-drinking relationships with other student-athletes at their institution.
The NCAA has recognized the importance of addressing alcohol related issues among collegiate athletes. However, the type of educational programming being assigned by the NCAA has been generally ineffective in reducing alcohol use of student-athletes. In fact, of the student-athletes surveyed in this study, the majority struggled with recalling NCAA alcohol prevention programs that they are familiar with—only 13% of student-athletes use alcohol prevention skills and tools taught by the NCAA or their athletic department to reduce alcohol consumption. Similarly, there is a belief among student-athletes that the NCAA is not doing enough to reduce alcohol use among student-athletes is exemplified by the fact that the majority (57%) gave the NCAA an F letter-grade for their current alcohol intervention and prevention strategies that are being taught to student-athletes.
Although the NCAA requires student-athletes to participate in alcohol, tobacco and other drug education programming, only approximately 25% of student-athletes surveyed recalled viewing a NCAA drug and alcohol educational video or reading a brochure detailing the effect alcohol has on athletic performance at the beginning of the academic year. Furthermore, 85% of student-athletes reported that they were not informed of the counseling or alcohol treatment options that the NCAA provides.
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Direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey as a base for a shelf-stable athletic-type drinkCrippen, Karen L January 2011 (has links)
Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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Age of menarche and training histories of former high school and university level runnersJanssen, Barbara Ann January 2011 (has links)
Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
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Se glad ut, mörkhyade kvinna – visa din dyra klocka, vita man : En studie om hur Sportbladet porträtterar svenska friidrottsstjärnor med olika kön och/eller etnicitet.Mathiasson, Ossian, Slättman, Samuel January 2016 (has links)
This intersectional study explores how the social constructed categories gender and ethnicity interact with each other in photos picturing Swedish athletes. The studies empirical material is collected from the sport section of the biggest Swedish tabloid newspaper Aftonbladet, and was published during the period 23rd of November, 2012 to 23rd of November, 2015. The photos has been analyzed with a semiotic analysis which establishes that there are discriminating differences in how the athletes are being portraited. The most comprehensive differences are found between the groups ethnical Swedish men and ethnical non-Swedish women.
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Investigating the psychological functioning of athletes : the integration of attachment theory and self-determination theoryFelton, Luke January 2012 (has links)
This thesis is presented as a collection of four studies in which the associations between athlete attachment styles, perceptions of basic psychological needs, and experiences of well/ill-being are examined. The first study of this thesis examined the mediating role of basic psychological need satisfaction, within the coach and parent relational contexts, in the associations between athletes (N = 430) global attachment styles and their experiences of well-being. Results demonstrated that satisfaction of the athletes basic psychological needs did mediate the associations between attachment styles and well-being. Study 2 examined whether mean differences and changes in athletes (N = 110) attachment style predicted psychological need satisfaction, within two relational contexts (coach and parent), and well-being, and whether mean differences and changes in need satisfaction within the relational contexts predicted well-being. Findings from the study provide further support for the role of attachment in need satisfaction and well-being within sport psychology, as well as highlighting important within- and between-person effects. Study 3 aimed to examine the possible social mechanisms that affect insecure athletes (N = 215) perceptions of basic need satisfaction. The social factors investigated as possible mediators were social support, interpersonal conflict, autonomy supportive behaviours, and controlling behaviours, each examined within both the coach and parent relational contexts. The findings of Study 3 highlighted that social factors have an important role in explaining the associations between athletes insecure attachment styles and their perceptions of basic psychological need satisfaction within two important relationships. The final study presented in this thesis aimed to focus on how thwarting of athletes basic psychological needs impacted upon athletes experiences of both well- and ill-being. Study 4 also measured athletes (N = 241) attachment styles to the coach specifically. Findings revealed that when athletes perceptions of their basic psychological needs were actively thwarted, within both aforementioned contexts, athletes insecure attachment to the coach impacted upon experiences of well- and ill-being. Overall, the findings of the current research have supplied new knowledge and understanding concerning athletes psychological functioning through the employment of established theoretical frameworks.
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Exploring the role of self-compassion in women athletes' emotionally painful experiences of injury in sport2015 August 1900 (has links)
Injury is a common and emotionally painful aspect of sport participation for female athletes. Playing through injury is normalized in sport culture; unfortunately, this practice holds short- and long-term health risks. Self-compassion has been endorsed as a resource for female athletes coping with injury and is purported to result in better health-related choices. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of self-compassion in competitive women athletes’ self-care behaviours following emotionally painful experiences of injury.
Participants were 159 female athletes ranging in age from 18-49 years who completed an online survey. Five measures of emotional pain were used: negative affect, threat appraisal, badness rating, emotional difficulty, and a composite score comprised of the previous four measures. Self-compassion was negatively related to negative affect (r = -.26, p < .01), threat appraisal (r = -.19, p < .05), and the emotional pain composite score (r = -.18, p < .05) but not to badness rating or emotional difficulty rating. Self-compassion did not contribute unique variance, beyond self-esteem and athletic identity, in the emotional pain measures. The emotional pain composite score was negatively related to self-compassionate reactions (r = -.23, p < .01), positive reactions (r = -.30, p < .01), and perseverant reactions (r = -.16, p < .05) and positively related to ruminative reactions (r = .54, p < .01), passive reactions (r = .24, p < .01), and self-critical reactions (r = .48, p < .01). Unexpectedly, emotional pain was positively correlated with stopping training (r = .34, p < .01), reduced training frequency (r = .33, p < .01), reduced training intensity (r = .27, p < .01), and reduced training duration (r = .33, p < .01) and not significantly related to responsible reactions or stopping the session in which the injury was incurred. Neither self-compassion nor fear of self-compassion moderated the relationship between emotional pain and self-care behaviours.
Participants also completed an open-ended question in which they described in detail everything they did to care for their injuries. A codebook was developed and used to analyze the responses. Self-care behaviours fell into the following categories: diagnostics, rest, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, treatment, and training accommodations. Athletes reported using an average of 3.38 self-care behaviours - most commonly describing obtaining a medical diagnosis and undergoing treatment. Self-compassion was not related to the number of self-care behaviours used by participants or the use of any individual behaviour. Overall, the results suggest that self-compassion plays a role in women athletes’ injury experiences; however, likely due to the complex and multifaceted nature of injury, the relationships might not manifest in perfect concordance with theoretical conceptualizations.
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Sidelined : gender inequality in athleticsHollingsworth, Brian Paul, 1973- 16 November 2010 (has links)
The essence of American women’s struggle to play sports at a competitive level is that for decades the power structure of American professional and scholastic athletics simply didn’t think they should be allowed to play. The various institutions governing athletics of all levels sought first to prevent women from participating in sports at all and later to keep women athletes segregated and barred from playing on men’s teams or competing against them. They have justified this discrimination by citing various outmoded ideas of women’s mental and physical abilities, their perceived frailty, and the erroneous belief that keeping women athletes segregated from men provides a more suitable and more enjoyable athletic experience for both sexes. This report and the accompanying video, Outlaws Rising, examine the legacy of gender inequality in sports and its impact on the Austin Outlaws, a women’s tackle football team. / text
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Assessment of oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise using deuterium-labeled vitamin EMastaloudis, Angela 23 August 2000 (has links)
To determine whether extreme endurance exercise induces lipid peroxidation, we
studied 14 athletes (5 females: 9 males) during a 50 km ultramarathon (trial 1) and during
a sedentary protocol (trial 2) one month later. At dinner the evening before the race (or
sedentary trial), subjects consumed vitamin E labeled with stable isotopes (75 mg each
d₃-RRR and d₆-all rac-α-tocopheryl acetates). Blood samples were taken at baseline, 30
minutes pre-race, mid-race, post-race, 1 h post-race, 24 h post-race, and at corresponding
times for each individual during trial 2. During the sedentary day of trial 2, subjects
consumed the same amounts of race day foods, including ergogenic aids, that they had
consumed in trial 1; vitamin E intakes were 77 ± 40 mg, and vitamin C 406 ± 169 mg.
All 14 subjects completed the race; average time to completion was 390 ± 67 minutes.
Plasma F₂-isoprostanes (F₂-I), labeled and unlabeled α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid
(AA) were measured. F₂-I increased from 76 ± 24 pg/ml pg/ml at pre-race to 117.4 ± 38.0
pg/ml (p<0.0008) at mid-race to 130 ± 54 pg/ml (p<0.0001) at post-race, then returned to
baseline at 24 hours post-race; F₂-I were unchanged during trial 2. Deuterated d₃ α-tocopheryl
(d₃ α-Toc) disappearance rates were faster (2.8x10⁻⁴ ± 0.5x10⁻⁴) during the
race compared to the sedentary trial (2.3x10⁻⁴ ± 0.6x10⁻⁴; p < 0.03). Plasma AA increased
from 75.2 ± 11.2 μM at pre-race to 157.7 ± 36.2 μM at race end (p<0.0001) and
decreased to below baseline concentrations at 24 h post-race (40.4 ± 5.2 μM p<0.0001).
AA levels also increased during trial 2. Despite increased plasma AA, F2-I increased
during exercise, but not during the sedentary period. Additionally, vitamin E disappeared
faster during the run compared to the sedentary protocol. Thus, extreme endurance
exercise results in the generation of lipid peroxidation and increased vitamin E
utilization. / Graduation date: 2001
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College athletic department administrators' attitudes toward college student athletes and their academic and athletic success.Wulfsberg, Cal Douglas. January 1989 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of college athletic department administrators (athletic directors, faculty representatives, football coaches, and basketball coaches) toward the athletic and academic achievement of student athletes and to compare administrators' perceptions with those of student athletes (NCAA, 1988). The review of literature discussed the history and development of the NCAA, college admission predictors, standardized tests, involvement of high schools in academic preparation of student athletes, and the NCAA legislation of Propositions 48 and 42. Additionally, programs which satisfy the needs and validate the credibility of student athletes and educational institutions are suggested. A questionnaire was designed to measure the attitudes of college athletic department administrators toward the academic and athletic accomplishments of student athletes. The results were then compared to a similar study completed by the NCAA (1988) on student athletes' attitudes toward these issues. The findings revealed significant group differences among athletic directors, faculty representatives, football coaches, and basketball coaches and significant comparative differences between the two studies. The data indicated that the responses of athletic directors and faculty representatives were often similar, as were those of football and basketball coaches. On questions that supported academics, athletic directors and faculty representatives were much more sympathetic than coaches. When the question promoted athletic concepts, coaches were more supportive than athletic directors or faculty representatives. When an issue involved both academics and athletics, the gap was reduced but athletic directors and faculty representatives showed stronger support than coaches. Comparison of the two studies confirmed strong opposition by athletes to questions on athletic eligibility. Student athletes were consistently negative on any issue threatening their eligibility, whereas athletic department administrators were generally supportive. When academic questions were addressed, student athletes were supportive though not as positive in their responses as athletic department administrators. Many of the responses and comparisons were anticipated and emulated recent research.
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