The aim of this study was to identify indictors of performance in surfing. Therefore the objectives of the study were to determine the following: {u100085} Anthropometric measures such as: height, weight, body proportions; {u100085} Flexibility measures such as: back extension, hip flexion, ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion; {u100085} Core stability; {u100085} Dynamic balance; {u100085} Explosive leg power; {u100085} Which of the physical characteristics measured discriminate between elite and non-elite surfers. To achieve the aim and objectives of this study, the literature pertaining to excellence in surfing, and the theory surrounding talent identification and the many factors that can contribute to success in sport, were reviewed. Potential criteria important for performance in surfing were identified and appropriate tests to assess these criteria were selected. An ex post facto quasi experimental design was used to assess which of the identified criteria best discriminated between elite and non-elite surfboard riders. The test battery included a personal information questionnaire and the assessment of: anthropometric variables, flexibility, core stability, dynamic balance and explosive leg power. These abovementioned physical characteristics were identified from the literature as the factors most important to success in surfing. Fifty five (55) surfers were assessed of which 28 were elite surfers and 27 were non-elite surfers. The results obtained from the evaluation of the samples were compared in terms of their descriptive statistics and the differences tested for statistical and practical significance. The variables of height, age started surfing, core stability, dynamic balance, number of days surfed per week and number of hours surfed per day were found to most discriminate between the elite and non-elite participants. Finally, a stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine classification functions that could be used for future prediction purposes. The variables included in the discriminant analyses included height, age started surfing, number of years surfing, core stability and dynamic balance. To verify the prediction model a jack-knife procedure was performed. The results from the jack-knife procedure indicated that 85.5 perecent of the entire sample was correctly classified while 92.9 percent of the elite sample and 77.8 percent of the non-elite sample were correctly classified. Thus, the discriminant functions obtained can be used for predictive purposes.

Este trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivos: primeiro, descrever em termos cineantropométricos atletas de voleibol masculino de nível estadual, de acordo com as diferentes categorias competitivas - de mirim a principal - e verificar as relações existentes entre aspectos morfológicos e de desempenho motor; segundo, verificar o comportamento das variáveis cineantropométricas entre atletas pertencentes a diferentes categorias competitivas procurando determinar, na amostra estudada, quais variáveis devem ser consideradas como mais importantes no período compreendido entre uma categoria inferior e outra imediatamente superior; e terceiro, comparar quatro possibilidades de métodos que possam ser utilizados na classificação dos atletas nas diferentes categorias competitivas, respectivamente: a) classificação subjetiva do treinador; b) classificação através da utilização do escore padrão Z; c) classificação através do coeficiente de classificação por médias; d) classificação através de análise dos componentes principais, os quais possam auxiliar mais efetivamente o processo de seleção e promoção de talentos esportivos para o voleibol. Para isso, uma amostra de 75 atletas de voleibol masculino, na faixa etária de 13 a 28 anos, distribuídos entre as diversas categorias competitivas, foi avaliada em termos cineantropométricos conforme variáveis consideradas relevantes para a prática do voleibol de alto nível. Foi possível concluir que: 1) os atletas avaliados apresentaram valores cineantropométricos próximos e/ou superiores aos esperados para atletas de voleibol de nível competitivo nas medidas realizadas, indicando o bom nível dos atletas envolvidos no estudo; 2) existem importâncias diferentes para as variáveis na passagem de uma categoria inferior para outra imediatamente superior; 3) o coeficiente de classificação por médias, neste estudo, parece indicar que análises multivariadas podem adequar-se mais fielmente à resolução da complexidade que envolve os processos de promoção de talentos / This work of has several arms: first, to describe in kinanthropometrics terms top level male volleyball athletes at São Paulo State in different competitive categories - from minor to major and verify the existence of relationships among morphological aspects and motor performances; second, to verify the behavior of kinanthropometrics variables among athletes belonging to different competitive categories. The goal here is trying to determine how variables should be ranked in importance to define performance and how this ranking changes as we go from one stage to the next one; third, to compare four possibilities of procedures that may be used on the athletes ranking in different competitive stages namely: a) coachs subjective classification; b) classification using the standard Z score; c) classification using the coefficient derived by means; d) classification using the analysis of principal components. One tries to point out the ones which more effectively may cooperate in the process of selection and promotion of talent to volleyball. In order to make the comparison, a sample of 75 male volleyball athletes between the ages of 13 and 28 years old, divided among all the different competitive categories were evaluated in kinanthropometric terms by using the variables considered important to the practice of high level volleyball. It was possible to conclude that, 1) the evaluated athletes presented kinanthropometrics values close and/or superior to the expected for high competitive level male volleyball athletes in the variables measured, showing the good level of the athletes involved in the study; 2) there are differences in the importance of the variables in the passage from a lower stage to the following next ; 3) the coefficient of classification by means in this study seems to indicate that the multivariate analysis is more adequate to give better understanding of the complexity that involves the process of talent promotion

Bodybuilding is a weight training sport similar to powerlifting, strongman, and Olympic weightlifting. Instead of performing a feat of strength in competition, the athletes are based on physical appearance. Information about injuries within the other sports are available. However, there are a low number of studies on competitive bodybuilding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and localization of injuries and pain in Swedish bodybuilding athletes. Additional aims were to investigate sex differences and the significance of explanatory variables. Data from 83 male and 105 female active bodybuilding athletes were collected using a web-based questionnaire. Athletes active within all of the available bodybuilding categories were included. The subjects were recruited through flyers in local gyms in Sweden and ads on social media. Fifty-eight percent (109/188) of the athletes reported current pain during training and 74.5 % (140/188) have been injured at least once during their competitive career. The rate of injury was calculated as 0.27 injuries per athlete per year. There were 0.42 injuries per 1000h of exercise. Injuries in competitive bodybuilding are less common compared to other weight training sports. In agreement with earlier studies, the most prevalent anatomical localizations of injury were the shoulders, lower back/buttocks, and knees. There were no notable differences in sex regarding injury localizations. Age, training frequency, calorie intake and medical care were associated with having an injury

The purpose of this study was to examine current kinesiology students' athletic identity, identity foreclosure, perceived task value in sport, and perfectionism. An online survey was distributed via email to current kinesiology students. The survey contained questions regarding demographic information and items from the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale, Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status, Perceived Task Value in Sport, Sport Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale-2, and Multidimensional Inventory of Perfectionism in Sport. Results of the Pearson moment correlations indicated that the higher the athletic identity, the higher the subjective task value, identity foreclosure, perfectionistic strivings, and perfectionistic concerns. Multiple regression analyses were performed to further examine the predictive power of athletic identity, subjective task value, and identity foreclosure for perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Results indicated that athletic identity and subjective task value were significant predictors of perfectionistic strivings. Results also showed that athletic identity and identity foreclosure were significant predictors of perfectionistic concerns. Future research should replicate the study using participants from different geographical regions. Furthermore, future research should consider a longitudinal and qualitative study to investigate the development of subjective task value in sport.

The general problem was to determine personality differences among a hierarchy of high school female athletes in various socio-economic groups. The specific problems were: (1) To determine if there were any significant personality trait differences among three socio-economic groupings of superior athletes.; (2) To determine if there were any significant personality trait differences among three socio-economic groupings of average athletes.; (3) To determine if there were any significant personality trait differences among three socio-economic groupings of nonathletes.; and (4) To determine if there were any significant personality trait differences among superior, average, and nonathletes.

Orientador: Carlos Marcelo Pastre / Resumo: A imersão em água fria (IAF) é uma técnica comumente utilizada no âmbito esportivo no processo de recuperação pós-exercício. Na natação, este é um recurso utilizado principalmente entre provas, visando obter seus benefícios a curto prazo. Entretanto, os efeitos de sua aplicação de forma sistematizada e ajustada às demandas de treinamento, permanecem incertos, especialmente quando comparados à condição placebo. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da imersão em água fria e sua condição placebo quando aplicadas de forma sistematizada e adequada a dinâmica de treinamento sobre parâmetros perceptivos, funcionais e de desempenho em atletas de natação. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado do tipo cruzado, envolvendo 20 atletas de natação de ambos os sexos com idade entre 12 e 20 anos. O estudo foi realizado em seis semanas de treinamento do mesmo mesociclo. Durante os cinco dias da semana os participantes realizaram as sessões de treinamento, compostas por um treino físico em solo seguido do treino nadado. Aos sábados (após as cinco sessões) os atletas foram submetidos à uma sessão de testes. As intervenções recuperativas [imersão em água fria (14±1°C), imersão em água termo neutra (27±1°C) como condição placebo, e condição controle] foram aplicadas em três semanas (semanas 2, 4 e 6) às segundas, terças e sextas-feiras entre o treino físico e o treino nadado durante 12 minutos, enquanto as semanas 1, 3 e 5 foram consideradas basais. Os atletas foram randomizados de acordo com sexo e nível ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cold-water immersion (CWI) is a technique commonly used in sports in the post-exercise recovery process. In swimming, this is a tool used mainly between tests, aiming to obtain its short-term benefits. However, the effects of its systematic application and adjusted to the training demands remain uncertain, especially when compared to the placebo condition. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of cold-water immersion and its placebo condition when properly and systematically applied to training dynamics on perceptive, functional and performance parameters in swimming athletes. Methods: Randomized crossover clinical trial involving 20 male and female swimmers aged 12 to 20 years. The study was conducted in six weeks of training of the same mesocycle. During the five days of the week, the participants performed the training sessions, consisting of a physical training on the ground followed by the swim training. On Saturdays (after five sessions), the athletes were submitted to a testing session. The recovery interventions [cold water immersion (14 ± 1 ° C), term neutral water immersion (27 ± 1 ° C) as a placebo condition, and control condition] were applied at three weeks (weeks 2, 4 and 6) on Mondays, Tuesdays and Fridays between physical training and swimming training for 12 minutes, while weeks 1, 3 and 5 were considered baseline. Athletes were randomized according to gender and competitive level into distinct sequences (S1; S2; S3) in which they differed only by the order of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between weightlifting performance (snatch, clean and jerk, and total) and variables obtained from the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Methods. Twelve weightlifters, ranging from novice to advanced, performed the IMTP 10 days after a competition. Correlations were used to evaluate relationships between variables of the IMTP and absolute and scaled competition results. Results. Unsealed competition results correlated strongly with IRFD (0-200ms: r=0.567-0.645, 0-250ms: r=0.722-0.781) while results correlated weakly with Peak IRFD (5ms window, r=0.360-0.426). Absolute peak force values correlated very strongly with absolute values for the competition performance (r=0.830-0.838). Force at 100ms, 150ms, 200ms and 250ms also correlated strongly with competition results (r=0.643-0.647, r=0.605-0.636, r=0.714-0.732, r=0.801-0.804). Similar findings were noted for allometrically scaled values. Conclusion. Measures of average IRFD probably represent a more relevant variable to dynamic performance than does Peak IRFD (5ms). Maximum isometric strength also is likely to have a strong role in weightlifting performance.

The purpose of the study was to compare the kinematics of the barbell back squat between two footwear conditions and to evaluate the results with respect to recommendations put forth in the National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement for proper squat technique. Twenty-five subjects with 5 - 7 years of resistance training experience participated. Selected kinematics were measured during a 60% of 1RM barbell back squat in both barefoot and athletic shoe conditions. Paired-samples T tests were performed to compare the two footwear conditions. Significant differences were found in trunk (50.72±8.27 vs. 46.97±9.87), thigh (20.94±10.19 vs. 24.42±11.11), and shank segment angles (59.47±5.54 vs. 62.75±6.17), and knee joint angles (81.33±13.70 vs. 88.32±15.45) at the peak descent position. Based on the kinematic analysis of the barefoot squat, two kinematic advantages are countered by two disadvantages. Coaches and instructors should acknowledge these results with respect to a performer's capability, and be aware the advantages and disadvantages of barefoot squat from a kinematic perspective.

Aim. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between weightlifting performance (snatch, clean and jerk, and total) and variables obtained from the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP). Methods. Twelve weightlifters, ranging from novice to advanced, performed the IMTP 10 days after a competition. Correlations were used to evaluate relationships between variables of the IMTP and absolute and scaled competition results. Results. Unsealed competition results correlated strongly with IRFD (0-200ms: r=0.567-0.645, 0-250ms: r=0.722-0.781) while results correlated weakly with Peak IRFD (5ms window, r=0.360-0.426). Absolute peak force values correlated very strongly with absolute values for the competition performance (r=0.830-0.838). Force at 100ms, 150ms, 200ms and 250ms also correlated strongly with competition results (r=0.643-0.647, r=0.605-0.636, r=0.714-0.732, r=0.801-0.804). Similar findings were noted for allometrically scaled values. Conclusion. Measures of average IRFD probably represent a more relevant variable to dynamic performance than does Peak IRFD (5ms). Maximum isometric strength also is likely to have a strong role in weightlifting performance.

The purpose of the study was to compare the kinematics of the barbell back squat between two footwear conditions and to evaluate the results with respect to recommendations put forth in the National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement for proper squat technique. Twenty-five subjects with 5 - 7 years of resistance training experience participated. Selected kinematics were measured during a 60% of 1RM barbell back squat in both barefoot and athletic shoe conditions. Paired-samples T tests were performed to compare the two footwear conditions. Significant differences were found in trunk (50.72±8.27 vs. 46.97±9.87), thigh (20.94±10.19 vs. 24.42±11.11), and shank segment angles (59.47±5.54 vs. 62.75±6.17), and knee joint angles (81.33±13.70 vs. 88.32±15.45) at the peak descent position. Based on the kinematic analysis of the barefoot squat, two kinematic advantages are countered by two disadvantages. Coaches and instructors should acknowledge these results with respect to a performer's capability, and be aware the advantages and disadvantages of barefoot squat from a kinematic perspective.