Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-18T12:35:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Rogerio Giongo.pdf: 8561416 bytes, checksum: 9518df2b8c5f4fdab4d53cd51d03d547 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T12:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro Rogerio Giongo.pdf: 8561416 bytes, checksum: 9518df2b8c5f4fdab4d53cd51d03d547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The remote sensing is a tool that has enabled major advances in studies of agrometeorology and application to areas with different types of coverage, can be used to estimate the radiation balance and its applications. Therefore this study aimed to estimate the balance of radiation to the surface, from the sensor data Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite LANDSAT 5, with the use of the algorithm SEBAL. The estimate data were compared with data from two stations in agrometeorological: one in the cerrado region, and another in sugar cane. In the study area, located in the municipality of Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP, Brazil. To carry out the study were obtained six orbital images from the satellite Landsat 5 TM sensors in orbit 220 in section 75, the dates of 22/02, 11/04, 29/05, 01/08, 17/08 and 21/11 all in the year 2005, the matching DJ of 53, 101, 149, 213, 229 and 325, respectively. We performed the geometric correction for images, then were generated the letters of albedo, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), leaf area Index (LAI), surface temperature (Ts), Long Wave Radiation of Issued and Balance of Radiation (Rn). The estimated values of Rn showed correlations r of 0,994 and 0,984 with data from the stations inthe area sugar cane and cerrado, respectively. It concludes that the proposed methodology of the algorithm SEBAL for estimation of Rn for the two areas, values achieved very consistent and satisfactory for this application. / O sensoriamento remoto é uma ferramenta que tem possibilitado grandes avanços a estudos da agrometeorologia, bem como aplicação a superfícies com diferentes tipos de cobertura, podendo ser utilizado para estimativas do saldo de radiação e suas aplicações. Assim este trabalho objetivou estimar o Balanço de Radiação à Superfície, a partir de dados do sensor Thematic Mapper (TM) do satélite LANDSAT 5, com a utilização do algoritmo SEBAL. Os dados estimados foram comparados com dados de duas estações agrometeorológicas em superfície: uma em região de Cerrado, e outra em Cana-de-Açúcar. A região de estudo fica localizada no município de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP, Brasil. Para a realização do estudo foram obtidas seis imagens orbitais do satélite Landsat 5 sensores TM, na órbita 220 e ponto 75, nas datas de 22/02, 11/04, 29/05, 01/08, 17/08 e 21/11 todas do ano de 2005, a que correspondem aos DJ de 53, 101, 149, 213, 229 e 325, respectivamente. Foram realizadas as correções geométricas para as imagens, em seguida foram geradas as cartas de albedo, Índice de Vegetação da Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), Índice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo (SAVI), Índice de Área Foliar (IAF), Temperatura de superfície (Ts), Radiação de OndaLonga Emitida e Saldo de Radiação (Rn). Os valores do Rn estimados apresentaram correlações de r iguais a 0,994 e 0,984 com os dados de superfície das estações da Cana-de-açúcar e Cerrado, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a metodologia proposta do algoritmo SEBAL, para estimativa de Rn para as duas áreas, alcançou valores muito consistentes e satisfatórios para essa aplicação.

A represa das Antas e represa Bortolan fazem parte da Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão das Antas, sendo que a primeira sofre impacto de uma mineradora de urânio (UTM/INB), uma vez que recebe despejos de efluentes radioativos tratados procedentes de DAM, já a represa Bortolan recebe maior influência da malha urbana de Poços de Caldas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a diversidade da comunidade zooplanctônica, bem como realizar a caracterização física e química da UTM/INB e represas das Antas e Bortolan. Diferenças em relação às condições físicas, químicas e a comunidade foram verificadas entre os ambientes. Na UTM/INB as condições químicas da água apresentaram-se não favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do zooplâncton. A represa das Antas apresentou condições ambientais intermediárias entre a UTM/INB e represa Bortolan, devido provavelmente ao lançamento de efluentes em condições inadequadas pela UTM/INB. Na represa Bortolan as concentrações de nutrientes e clorofila a explicaram a maior densidade e, portanto, a maior diversidade das espécies zooplanctônicas. / The Antas and Bortolan Dams are part of the Ribeirão das Antas Hydrographical Sub-Basin, being that the Antas Dam suffers impact from a uranium mining (UTM/INB), once it receives discharges of treated radioactive effluents derived from DAM, while Bortolan Dam suffers greater influence from the urban area of Poços de Caldas. The objective of the current study was to analyze the zooplanktonic community\'s diversity, as well as to perform the physical and chemical characterizations of UTM/INB and Antas and Bortolan Dams. Differences related to the physical and chemical conditions and the community were verified among the environments. In UTM/INB, the water\'s chemical conditions were not favorable to zooplankton development. The Antas Dam presented intermediate environmental conditions between UTM/INB and Bortolan Dam, probably due to the release of effluents in inadequate conditions, done by UTM/INB. In Bortolan Dam, the concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a have justified the higher density and thus, the greater diversity of zooplanktonic species.

Climate models are the primary tools used for understanding past climate variations and for future projections. The atmospheric radiation is the key component of these models. Accurate modeling of atmosphere necessitates reliable evaluation of the medium radiative properties and accurate solution of the radiative transfer equation in conjunction with the time-dependent multi-dimensional governing equations of atmospheric models. Due to difficulty in solving the equations of atmospheric and radiation models simultaneously, radiation equations have been solved when input data such as concentration, temperature etc. were made available upon solution of equations of atmospheric models. Generally, time step of conservation equations are 10-30 minutes but radiative transfer equation is called only once every 1-3 hours. However, there is inaccuracy due to the fixed radiation fluxes over the intervening time steps. To overcome this problem, the equations of atmospheric and radiation models have to be solved simultaneously and the solution methods have to be compatible. For this purpose, a radiative-convective model with radiation model based on method of lines (MOL) solution of discrete ordinate method (DOM) with wide band correlated-k (WBCK) was developed. To achieve this objective, a previously developed MOL solution of DOM with WBCK model was adapted to 1-D longwave clear sky atmosphere and its predictive accuracy and computational efficiency was examined on the test problem by using benchmark solution obtained from Line-by-line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM). The radiation code was then coupled with radiative-convective model and the predictive accuracy of this model was examined for several coupling intervals. Comparisons reveal that as coupling interval increases, although the computation time of the model decreases, the predicted temperature profiles diverge from the one obtained when equations of radiative-convective model and the radiation model are solved simultaneously and percentage relative error in temperature increases an order of magnitude when coupling time between radiative-convective model and the radiation model increases from 2 to 10 hours. Therefore, it can be concluded that the equations of the radiation model have to be solved simultaneously with the equations of the climate model. Overall evaluation of the performance of the radiation model used in this study points out that it provides accurate and computationally efficient solutions and can be used with confidence in conjunction with the climate models for simultaneous solution of governing equations with radiation transfer equation.

A represa das Antas e represa Bortolan fazem parte da Sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão das Antas, sendo que a primeira sofre impacto de uma mineradora de urânio (UTM/INB), uma vez que recebe despejos de efluentes radioativos tratados procedentes de DAM, já a represa Bortolan recebe maior influência da malha urbana de Poços de Caldas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a diversidade da comunidade zooplanctônica, bem como realizar a caracterização física e química da UTM/INB e represas das Antas e Bortolan. Diferenças em relação às condições físicas, químicas e a comunidade foram verificadas entre os ambientes. Na UTM/INB as condições químicas da água apresentaram-se não favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do zooplâncton. A represa das Antas apresentou condições ambientais intermediárias entre a UTM/INB e represa Bortolan, devido provavelmente ao lançamento de efluentes em condições inadequadas pela UTM/INB. Na represa Bortolan as concentrações de nutrientes e clorofila a explicaram a maior densidade e, portanto, a maior diversidade das espécies zooplanctônicas. / The Antas and Bortolan Dams are part of the Ribeirão das Antas Hydrographical Sub-Basin, being that the Antas Dam suffers impact from a uranium mining (UTM/INB), once it receives discharges of treated radioactive effluents derived from DAM, while Bortolan Dam suffers greater influence from the urban area of Poços de Caldas. The objective of the current study was to analyze the zooplanktonic community\'s diversity, as well as to perform the physical and chemical characterizations of UTM/INB and Antas and Bortolan Dams. Differences related to the physical and chemical conditions and the community were verified among the environments. In UTM/INB, the water\'s chemical conditions were not favorable to zooplankton development. The Antas Dam presented intermediate environmental conditions between UTM/INB and Bortolan Dam, probably due to the release of effluents in inadequate conditions, done by UTM/INB. In Bortolan Dam, the concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a have justified the higher density and thus, the greater diversity of zooplanktonic species.

<p>  </p> <p>Recent developments in radiative cooling paints have shown significant promise towards commercialization of the technology. Therefore, questions have been asked as to how the durability of these paints could be evaluated and improved, as well as how these paints could impact energy use and global climate change. In this work, a paint formulation was developed using nanoplatelet hBN pigments with an MP-101 binder from SDC Technologies, Inc. This formulation shows similar reflective properties to that of an hBN acrylic formulation (97.5% and 97.9% reflectance, respectively) while boosting a water droplet contact angle of as much as 120°, proving hydrophobicity and therefore self-cleaning properties. Additionally, a comprehensive study was conducted to understand the potential impact of the radiative cooling paints on the changing global climate. Three potential impacts of the paint were discussed, including capture and utilization of CO2 into the CaCO3 paint, the reduction of HVAC usage on buildings painted with the RC paints, and net cooling of the earth due to the solar reflection and thermal emission of the paint into deep space. It was discovered that all three parts had a positive impact on the global climate, regardless of which US climate zone the representative building was in. Additionally, it was found that the paints could reduce as much as an equivalent 539 lbs CO2eq from the atmosphere for each m2 of the paint applied.</p>