Våra anknytningsstilar påverkas redan från barndomen utav våra relationer. Studien undersökte personers olika anknytningsstilar som förekommer och kön i förhållande till Big Five modellens fem personlighetsdimensioner. Denna studie är genomförd med fem tvåvägs variansanalyser för oberoende mätningar. Beprövade mätinstrument användes i studien, vilka är Attachment Style Questionnarie och Shafer’s personality scale. Anknytningsstil och kön användes som oberoende variabler och Big five dimensionerna användes som en beroende variabel i studien. I resultatet framkom det ingen skillnad mellan kön på dimensionerna i Big Five. Det existerade dock skillnader mellan de tre anknytningsstilarna i dimensionerna extraversion, vänlighet samt neuroticism i Big Five. Endast samvetsgrannhet kunde påvisa en statistisk signifikant interaktion mellan anknytningsstil och kön i förhållande till Big Five. Slutsatserna är att studiens resultat stämmer överens till stor del med tidigare forskning.

This is a longitudinal cross-lagged panel model examining the bi-directional association of attachment styles and relationship quality in a community sample of 355 married couples, with at least one child between 10-14 years of age at the beginning of the study and 17-21 years of age at the end of the study. An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), was used to test for actor and partner effects, thereby accounting for the non-independent nature of the data. Two separate APIM models were tested with Male Attachment predicting Female Relationship Quality and Female Attachment predicting Male Relationship Quality. Results indicate that own attachment was a stronger predictor of partner relationship quality over time than was own relationship quality to partner attachment; although male relationship quality did predict female attachment from T1 to T3, it was not significant at all other time points. Clinical implications and future research are discussed.

Perceiving shared power in marriage has been linked to higher marital quality and lower attachment insecurity. Yet limited research has examined whether perception of power has a longitudinal influence on how both spouses' perceptions play a role in both spouses' outcomes. To address previous limitations, I utilized 319 couples (94.7% retention from Wave 1) from the Flourishing Families Project to estimate bi-yearly (Waves 1, 3, and 5) and yearly (Waves 3-5) longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models. Reporting shared power in marriage was linked to the actors' higher marital quality and lower attachment insecurity over time (though less consistently for attachment insecurity). Longitudinal partner effects and indirect effects were also found from reports of shared marital power to both marital quality and attachment insecurity over time. Little evidence was found for bidirectionality. The combined evidence suggests that power dynamics in a marriage are an important predictor of couples' overall relational well-being, and not simply a byproduct of other well-being indicators. Husbands and wives should mutually seek to help each other feel empowered in a relationship to reap the benefits of marital quality and secure attachment.

Depuis plusieurs décennies, on reconnaît l’existence d’une complémentarité des rôles père et mère dans le développement de l’attachement de l’enfant. La mère étant davantage impliquée dans les soins, le père se spécialise dans la sphère exploration, le jeu et le respect des règles. Les études démontrent une association entre la qualité d’attachement des parents et de l’enfant avec un effet plus fort chez les mères, un phénomène discuté sous le vocable transmission intergénérationnelle de l’attachement. De nos jours, on assiste à un plus grand partage des tâches liées à l’enfant et le père peut être perçu comme une figure de soin. Cette étude a été menée à partir d’un échantillon normatif de familles biparentales hétérosexuelles (N = 182) à proximité de Montréal. Le premier objectif était d’examiner l’association entre l’attachement des parents évalué avec le Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ) et celui de l’enfant évalué lors de la Procédure de la Situation Étrangère (SSP). Le second objectif était d’examiner le rôle modérateur du temps passé par les parents avec l’enfant. Contrairement à nos prédictions, les résultats ne démontrent aucune association significative entre le RSQ maternel et la SSP mère-enfant. Toutefois, les pères avec qui l’enfant a développé un attachement sécurisé se distinguaient par un score de sécurité significativement supérieur au RSQ. Ensuite, le temps père-enfant n’était pas associé à l’attachement père-enfant, mais l’était avec l’attachement mère-enfant. Concernant cette association, le temps total passé par le père avec l’enfant était négativement associé à la résistance au contact mère-enfant, positivement associé au type Sécurisé et négativement associé au type Résistant. Enfin, la quantité de temps que les deux conjoints passent ensemble avec l’enfant était positivement associée au type Sécurisé et négativement associée au type Désorganisé lors de la SSP mère-enfant. Au terme de cette étude, nous croyons que le RSQ évalue des dimensions différentes de celles habituellement associées avec la SSP, ce qui en fait un choix moins recommandé pour examiner l’association entre l’attachement du parent et de l’enfant. La quantité de temps passé par le père avec l’enfant ne semble pas déterminante dans le développement de l’attachement père-enfant. Toutefois, nos données suggèrent des bénéfices directs et indirects associés au temps passé par le père avec la dyade mère-enfant sur le lien d’attachement mère-enfant. / Since a few decades, researchers have acknowledged the evidence of a complementarity between the roles of the father and the mother in the development of infant attachment. While the mother plays a main role in caregiving, the father tends to promote exploratory behavior, respect of rules and frequently act has a playmate. Numerous studies have shown an association between caregiver’s attachment and infant’s attachment with a stronger effect for mothers, which is widely discussed in terms of intergenerational attachment transmission. Nowadays, between the two parents, there is a less hermetic division of tasks associated with caregiving and there is a growing agreement that the father can be perceived as a secure figure. We studied a normative sample of 182 heterosexual biparental families living in the Montreal area. The first objective was to examine the association between parent’s attachment assessed with the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ) and infant-parent attachment measured with the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Our second objective was to look at the role of time spent by the parent with his child as a moderator of the above-mentioned association. Unlike our predictions, no significative association was found between the maternal RSQ and the infant-mother SSP. Nevertheless, fathers with whom a secured attachment is developed distinguish themselves by a significantly higher security score on the RSQ. Furthermore, while the time spent by the father with the infant hasn’t been linked with father-infant attachment, it was, however, associated with mother-infant attachment. Concerning this association, the time spent by the father with his child was negatively associated with resistance during the mother-infant SSP, positively associated with Secure type and negatively associated with Resistant type. Finally, the time the parents spent together with the child was positively associated with the Secure type and negatively associated with Disorganize attachment. At this study’s conclusion, we believe the RSQ might assess dimensions other than the ones usually associated with the SSP, which would make this instrument less recommended in future research on attachment transmission. The time the father spends with his child doesn’t seem to influence his attachment. However, our results suggest the time spend by the father with the mother-infant dyad might have direct and indirect benefices on the mother-infant attachment.

<div> <div> <div> <p>Past parent-child attachment studies mainly focused on behavioral exchanges during the early years without exploring the role played by verbal exchanges. During the transition to early childhood, developing cognitive and language abilities provide a new window to examine the influence of mother-led verbal communication skills about attachment-related events, and whether those skills contribute to child attachment security. This study investigates maternal verbal communication skills (i.e., co-construction skills), their relationships with maternal sensitivity and child attachment security, and whether maternal co-construction skills add unique information to the prediction of child security, above and beyond any contributions of maternal sensitivity at 2-3 years of age. Fifty-four mother-child dyads participated in the current study. Maternal co-construction skills were assessed via a joint storytelling task; transcriptions were created and then coded using a set of three scales. Maternal sensitivity and attachment security were assessed using the Maternal Behavior with Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) and Attachment Q-set (AQS), respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to address the questions posed. Results indicated that maternal co-construction is not related with maternal sensitivity, though some maternal co-constructive abilities were associated with sensitivity; maternal co- construction was not a significant correlate of child attachment security at 2-3 years of age. Overall, results from this current study extend those of former research on maternal verbal co- construction skills and their relationship with mother-child attachment relationships, demonstrating that maternal language input may not start to play an important role in secure base behavior (i.e., security) until children are older. However, the association between some maternal co-construction skills and maternal sensitivity revealed the potential importance of language communication in mother-child attachment relationship. Verbal abilities were argued to be an important part in parent-child relationships and may influences child attachment longitudinally not concurrently at the beginning of early childhood.</p> </div> </div> </div>

Healthy sexuality includes relational, emotional, and physical elements (Busby et al., 2021). However, there are gaps in what is known about the physical aspects of sexual relationships. Genital acceptance and physical sexual knowledge are two areas of physical relationships that may have an effect on the satisfaction of sexual relationships. Attachment, namely levels of anxious and avoidant attachment, is another factor that has been related to sexual relationships (Allsop et al., 2021; Bennett et al., 2019; Busby et al., 2020). Results from a dyadic sample of 515 couples who had been in a relationship for at least two years were studied. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the direct and indirect actor and partner effects of physical sexual knowledge and genital acceptance on sexual satisfaction, working through mechanisms of anxious and avoidant attachment. Findings indicate the importance of considering genital acceptance and physical sexual knowledge, especially in regard to female bodies, to help move couples toward lower levels of insecure attachment and improved sexual relationships. Findings also denote the specific influence of avoidant attachment on sexual satisfaction in couple relationships as well as the importance of examining genital acceptance for men and women in a partnered context.

Although prior research has examined how individual difference factors are related to relationship initiation and formation over the Internet (e.g., online dating sites, social networking sites), little research has examined how dispositional factors are related to other aspects of online dating. The present research therefore sought to examine the relationship between several dispositional factors, such as Big-Five personality traits, self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, and attachment styles, and the use of online dating sites and online dating behaviors. Rejection sensitivity was the only dispositional variable predictive of use of online dating sites whereby those higher in rejection sensitivity are more likely to use online dating sites than those lower in rejection sensitivity. We also found that those higher in rejection sensitivity, those lower in conscientiousness, and men indicated being more likely to engage in potentially risky behaviors related to meeting an online dating partner face-to-face. Further research is needed to further explore the relationships between these dispositional factors and online dating behaviors.

Background: Having a premature baby is a big change for the family. The baby needs medical care in the NICU for an indefinite period of time and the baby´s unstable health can cause the confinement to be very long.  Physical contact between parent and child is critical in building a healthy attachment. With separation the attachment process becomes significantly more difficult. The nurse has a responsibility to ensure that the parents have the best conditions to attach with their child.  Aim: The aim of this study was to enlighten parents experienced obstacles and possibilities to attach to their premature baby in the neonatal ward.  Method: This study is a general literature review with a qualitative design. In total 13 articles were selected for review, as a result from five searches in PubMed and CINAHL. In the quality review, ten articles had an insignificant or moderate risk of methodological deficiencies and were included in the analysis. The results from all articles were then compared with each other to find common themes that were used as headings in the result.  Result: The result was presented through four themes. The experiences of attachment varied, some families found it easy to build an attachment with the baby while others found it more difficult. The result of this study shows that the majority of the participants experienced attachment when they were close to the baby, often through physical contact or other interaction. The parents who found it more difficult to bond with their baby were the ones who distanced themselves from their child out of fear of losing it.  Conclusion: The experience of attachment differs depending on the circumstances of the family’s situation. It is important that the health personnel take responsibility in practicing family-centered care in order to strengthen the bond between parent and child. / Introduktion: Att få ett för tidigt fött barn kan vara livsomvälvande för många föräldrar och familjer. Vårdtiden på en neonatalavdelning beror ofta på hur för tidigt fött ett barn är eller hur sjukt det är. Ju tidigare barnet föds desto skörare är det och behöver därför vård länge. För en god anknytning krävs det fysisk kontakt mellan förälder och barn och utan fysisk kontakt försvåras det. I familjecentrerad vård finns sjuksköterskan som ett stöd för föräldrar  när de försöker bilda ett band till det nyfödda barnet.  Syfte: Syftet med arbetet var att belysa föräldrars upplevda hinder och möjligheter för att knyta an till ett prematurt barn som vårdas på en neonatalavdelning.  Metod: Studien var en allmän litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ design. Fem sökningar genomfördes i PubMed respektive CINAHL vilket resulterade i 13 artiklar. Efter en kvalitetsgranskning bedömdes tio artiklar ha obetydlig eller måttlig risk för metodologisk brist. Artiklarnas resultat jämfördes för att hitta gemensamma teman som sedan användes som rubriker i resultatet.  Resultat:  Resultatet bildade fyra teman; närhet och separation, intensivvårdsmiljön och dess inverkan på anknytningen, personalens bemötande och föräldrarnas informationsbehov samt föräldrarnas delaktighet och involvering i barnets vård. Upplevelsen av att knyta an till sitt prematura barn på en neonatalavdelning varierade, vissa föräldrar hade lätt att knyta an medan andra upplevde det svårare. Föräldrarna uppgav att en möjlighet till anknytning var när de var nära barnet, exempelvis genom fysisk kontakt eller interaktion. Hinder för anknytningen skapades när föräldrar distanserade sig av oro att förlora sitt barn.  Slutsats: Anknytningen skiljde sig beroende på vilka omständigheter familjen befann sig i under vårdtiden. Det är därför viktigt att personalen tar ansvar och utför familjecentrerad vård för att främja anknytningen mellan förälder och barn.

Vårt syfte med undersökningen är att granska pedagogers pågående och efter krisarbete i förskolan samt hur pedagoger stötar och möter barn i en krissituation. Vi vill bidra med kunskap om resiliens och hur pedagoger kan arbeta med resiliens för att förhindra psykiska problem i framtiden. Vi valde att skicka ut förfrågan till pedagoger i förskolan. Vår idé var att få information från olika pedagoger från olika förskolor om hur man arbetar med krissituationer. När vi samlat in material från pedagogerna kopplar vi deras svar till våra teorier och tidigare forskning. Vår undersökning ger pedagoger tillgång till hur en välutvecklad krishandlingsplan kan stödja barn i kris. Det framkom i svaren från vår undersökning att de flesta förskolor använder en krishandlingsplan och pedagoger anser att de var väl förberedda för en kris. Det fanns dock ingen krishandlingsplan i utbrottet av pandemier. Pedagogerna beskrev att de saknar information om COVID-19-pandemin och ville ha en krishandlingsplan med tydliga riktlinjer att följa för att kunna agera snabbare i ett pandemiutbrott. / Our purpose with the examination is to review pedagogues’ ongoing and post-crisis work in preschool as well as how pedagogue support and meet children in a crisis situation. We want to contribute with knowledge of resilience and how a pedagogue can work with resilience to prevent psychological problems in the future. We chose to send out inquiry to pedagogues in preschool. Our idea was to get information from different pedagogues from different preschools on how to work with crisis situations. When we collect material from the pedagogues, we link their responses to our theories and previous research. Our examination gives pedagogues access to how a well-developed crisis action plan can support children in crisis. It emerged in the responses from the inquiry that most preschools use a crisis action plan and the pedagogues consider that they were well prepared for a crisis. However, there was no crisis action plan in the outbreak of pandemics. The pedagogues described that they now lack information on the COVID-19 pandemic and wanted a crisis action plan with clear restrictions to follow in order to be able to act faster in a pandemic outbreak.

This thesis focuses on describing and investigating the experiences of caregivers of individuals with ovarian cancer. Caregivers are an essential part of cancer care, and yet they are not formally recognized as such. The special focus on these caregivers stems from the recognition that ovarian cancer is unique from more commonly studied diseases, with a poor prognosis and frequent recurrences. This thesis sought to study this understudied population. The thesis begins with a scoping review of existing literature that specifically investigated this population. From this study, it was confirmed that few studies had focused on this population, however the mapped literature suggested that these caregivers experienced significant compromises to their quality of life. Some preliminary studies identified a theme that the caregiving experience was influenced by the relationships with healthcare providers. This theme informed the second study of the thesis, that was a cross-sectional, correlational study that sought to recruit partner-caregivers of patients with ovarian cancer, a sample mostly of male-caregivers. This study sought to explore multiple facets of the caregiving experience as part of cancer care using the Cancer Caregiving Tasks, Consequences and Needs Questionnaire, measuring caregiver distress using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and collecting sociodemographic and proxy-reports of the patient’s medical information. A total of 82 partner-caregivers were recruited for the study, and our sample were mostly men, White, affluent and highly educated. Most of their partners were diagnosed with stage III or IV disease, and were treated with both surgery and chemotherapy. This study’s analysis found that caregiving workload, lacking information from healthcare providers, problems with the quality of information and communication with healthcare providers, lacking time for social relations due to caregiving, and needing more help from healthcare providers correlated with distress outcomes. The third investigation sought to further explore these relationships by measuring attachment insecurity, as assessed by a short, modified version of Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Using the same sample data, hierarchical regression analyses were used to test whether general attachment avoidance or attachment anxiety moderated the relationship between the caregiving experiences and distress outcomes. These analyses revealed that attachment anxiety contributed to a portion of the variance in distress, however the experiences with the healthcare team explained a large portion of the variance of distress. Attachment anxiety was found to play a minor role moderating the relationship between needing more help from healthcare providers and anxiety, and attachment avoidance contributed a very small, moderating role between lack of time for social relations and distress. Together, these studies have demonstrated that caregivers of patients with ovarian cancer are understudied, however they experience significant levels of depression and anxiety. Their distress is highly affected by their reported experiences as part of the cancer care team, regardless of their predisposition to distress through attachment insecurity.