This thesis maps the environment that was in the territory of the Czech and Slovak countries during the period of Austro -- Hungarian Empire, and then illustrates the post -- war consequences and starting conditions of the new state, the Czechoslovakia. Thesis explains the initial moments of the state and its economic situation. There is characterized Banking Bureau of the Ministry of Finance and the course of monetary separation. The actual chapter is devoted to personage Alois Rašín and his other achievements in the management of the economy.

This master thesis presents an analysis of two personalities Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Karel Kramář before the First World War. The main theme of this paper is to description their complicated relationship. Next part of this paper describes their political and social activities, their opinions and life attitudes at this time. This thesis is based on examination of their mutual correspondence. The purpose of this paper is to present comparison, analysis and interpretation of the relationship of T. G. Masaryk and K. Kramář in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

This thesis deals with the analysis of the adult educational association activities in the Czech lands during the period of the monarchy ofAustria-Hungary (1848-1914). The Czech society was subjected to development being part of the multinational Habsburg Empire affected by the modernization process of the second half of the 19th century. The ideas of capitalism, industrialization and urbanization marked a series of changes in the economical, educational, political and cultural area. In the second half of the 19th century, the initially united national-emancipatory stream fell apart into separate trends of adult education. The process of centralization reached its climax together with the forthcoming adult education specialization. All the cultural engagement resulted in the founding of the Union of adult education (Svaz osvětový). The thesis takes a closer look at the physical education and women adult education activities and the national unions activities. An analysis follows of the main characteristics of the pre-war adult education: the intricate co-existence with the German nationals, the culture link to the political interests or copying foreign models. The final chapter places the adult education in the years 1848-1914 into the context of the following development during the period of the...

The purpose of the thesis is to look at the reality of an Italian-speaking refugee during the First World War, when people were forced to evacuate the Trentino region and were moved within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The thesis will look closely at the diary of an Italian-speaking refugee, starting with his evacuation from Trentino and continuing to his arrival and permanence in the northern Bohemian city of Jablonné v Podještědí. The paper will also explore the internal migration movements and efforts made by the Habsburg Empire, with special regard to the experiences of Italian- speaking refugees. The diary of the man known as Sannicoló will be used to give a microhistorical study and perspective of his move from Rovereto, Italy to the city of Jablonné v Podještědí. His reality as an Italian-speaking refugee and citizen of the Habsburg Empire will be briefly compared with what is generally known of the refugee situation within the Austro-Hungarian Empire and that of other Italian- speaking refugees, to determine the degree of success of his integration into the local population's community. Key Words: internal migration; Italian-speaking refugees; Austro-Hungarian Empire; First World War; microhistory; diary.

The endeavor of this thesis is to throw light on the portrayal of women by the Austrian-Jewish writer Joseph Roth. Roth’s women are regarded as highly negative and thus the author has increasingly been judged a male chauvinist and misogynist. This opinion seems particularly questionable since hardly any studies on his fictitious women have ever been conducted. The present study aims at filling that void and thereby presenting Roth’s views in a more differentiated manner. A new approach to Roth is thus called for. The analysis draws from the socio-historic background in which Roth’s work is situated. In his journalism as in his fiction, Roth strived to demonstrate and deal with the challenges of the times he lived in. His work frequently revolves around the “damaged” post-war generation in the 1920s and 30s, the feeling of being literally and metaphorically homeless. His later works are mostly set in the past, although this should not be viewed as escapism but as an attempt to come to terms with present reality. The worlds he portrays are dominated by men who are neither whole nor strong. But although women are few and it is said they are depicted only in crude stereotypes, the study shows that Roth does address their problems and plights. By observing women within established types, modern and traditional, it is revealed that Roth indeed shows depth when characterizing women, and that his interest in them is to use them as examples to illustrate fundamental aspects of the human condition. Rather than portraying them subservient to man, Roth demonstrates their common humanity. His understanding for the condition of women in his times often becomes apparent only when the narrative perspective is isolated from the protagonists. Simultaneously his work presents a valuable literary contribution for Gender Studies. / Classics & Modern European Languages / (D. Litt. et Phil.) (German)

The endeavor of this thesis is to throw light on the portrayal of women by the Austrian-Jewish writer Joseph Roth. Roth’s women are regarded as highly negative and thus the author has increasingly been judged a male chauvinist and misogynist. This opinion seems particularly questionable since hardly any studies on his fictitious women have ever been conducted. The present study aims at filling that void and thereby presenting Roth’s views in a more differentiated manner. A new approach to Roth is thus called for. The analysis draws from the socio-historic background in which Roth’s work is situated. In his journalism as in his fiction, Roth strived to demonstrate and deal with the challenges of the times he lived in. His work frequently revolves around the “damaged” post-war generation in the 1920s and 30s, the feeling of being literally and metaphorically homeless. His later works are mostly set in the past, although this should not be viewed as escapism but as an attempt to come to terms with present reality. The worlds he portrays are dominated by men who are neither whole nor strong. But although women are few and it is said they are depicted only in crude stereotypes, the study shows that Roth does address their problems and plights. By observing women within established types, modern and traditional, it is revealed that Roth indeed shows depth when characterizing women, and that his interest in them is to use them as examples to illustrate fundamental aspects of the human condition. Rather than portraying them subservient to man, Roth demonstrates their common humanity. His understanding for the condition of women in his times often becomes apparent only when the narrative perspective is isolated from the protagonists. Simultaneously his work presents a valuable literary contribution for Gender Studies. / Classics and Modern European Languages / (D. Litt. et Phil.) (German)

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida (gilvan.almeida@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2016-09-26T14:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 201.pdf: 7278143 bytes, checksum: fe63a93e17549fe77ec6e9643fe1dc2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel (msbarata@coc.fiocruz.br) on 2016-10-05T14:06:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 201.pdf: 7278143 bytes, checksum: fe63a93e17549fe77ec6e9643fe1dc2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T14:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 201.pdf: 7278143 bytes, checksum: fe63a93e17549fe77ec6e9643fe1dc2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / Este trabalho analisou, através da trajetória científica de Rudolf Kraus (1868-1932), alguns aspectos das dinâmicas de elaboração, produção e circulação de soros e vacinas nos países em que ele trabalhou, bem como na esfera internacional. Kraus foi diretor do Instituto Bacteriológico de Buenos Aires (1913-1921), do Instituto Butantan em São Paulo (1921-23), do Instituto Soroterápico Federal de Viena (1924-1929), e do Instituto Bacteriológico do Chile (1929-1932). Além de ter dirigido estas instituições de pesquisa e produção biomédica, Kraus possuía um discurso e atividades internacionalistas que permitiram entender que as relações científicas de âmbito transnacional eram regidas mais por contatos informais entre cientistas do que por filiações a organizações internacionais ou orientadas pelos interesses dos governos. Ao longo de sua carreira acadêmica, Kraus fundou quatro revistas especializadas e quatro sociedades, sendo duas de âmbito internacional, além de ter organizado três manuais técnicos de microbiologia. A partir de sua vida profissional foi possível perceber o surgimento de uma cultura do uso de produtos biológicos, a qual derivou não apenas do contexto transnacional de institucionalização da bacteriologia, mas do advento da técnica de padronização da produção do soro antidiftérico. Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, tal cultura se estabeleceu também devido à facilidade de se experimentar os novos produtos elaborados no laboratório em razão da ausência de sistemas regulatórios ou legislação que normatizasse o teste de novos terapêuticos em humanos. Em suma, esta tese contribui tanto para a compreensão da dinâmica de elaboração, fabricação e circulação de soros e vacinas nos países em que Rudolf Kraus trabalhou, quanto para o entendimento das formas de contatos entre cientistas de diferentes nacionalidades. / Through the scientific history of Rudolf Kraus (1868-1932) this work shed light to aspects of invention, production and circulation of sera and vaccines in the countries he worked as well as on the international level. Kraus directed the Bacteriological Institute of Buenos Aires (1913-1921), the Butantan Institute in São Paulo (1921-23), the Federal Serum Therapy Institute of Vienna (1924-1929) and the Bacteriological Institute of Chile (1929-1932). Besides those directorships, his internationalist discourse and activities showed that the transnational scientific relations were framed more by informal contacts between scientists than by international organizations or governments interests. During his academic career, Kraus founded four specialized journals, four scientific societies, two of which of international scope, and organized three microbiology manuals. Following his professional history it was possible to identify the emergence of a therapeutic culture of using biological products, which was establish with the advent of a standard method to the diphtheria serum production in the context of transnational institutionalization of bacteriology. In the beginnings of twentieth century, this culture was also determined by the ease of trying new laboratory products in the absence of legislation or regulatory systems. His performance as a research institute´s director has generated much controversy as the mobilization of the Brazilian scientific community in response to the development of microbiology in Argentina and the indignation of France after the prohibition of BCG vaccination in Chile. In short, this thesis shows some aspects of the dynamics of development, production and circulation of sera and vaccines and contributes to the understanding of the ways of relation between scientists of different nationalities.

This thesis deals with the life of Františka Plamínková (1875-1942) paying special attention to her role as a women's rights activist, politician and journalist. The study maps out Plamínková's journey to becoming one of the principal characters of the Czech women's movement before and after the First World War and her merits regarding the women's suffrage in Czechoslovakia in the appropriate historical context. Furthermore, it describes her politics in the Czechoslovak Senate as well as her other public activities, such as being the chairwoman of the Czech National Women's Council. It highlights Plamínková's fate during the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, which ultimately led to her execution. The chapter dedicated to Plamínková's journalistic work analyses her texts published between 1906-1940 primarily in women's magazines, where Plamínková reflected on the period narrative concerning women and aimed to change their limited options within both their public and private lives. The premise of this thesis is that Plamínková projected her own experience and opinions into her journalistic body of work. The study is based in archival materials and sources, texts in period magazines and other studies related to the topic at hand. Enclosed are several period photographs and archival documents.

Проблематика исследования сосредоточена вокруг вопроса о формировании национальной идентичности политической и интеллектуальной элиты титульной нации в мультинациональной среде государств XIX в. Влияние австрийских пангерманистов выражалось в разных областях с различной интенсивностью. Долгосрочные результаты их деятельности были связаны с идеей аншлюса Австрии после Первой мировой войны и символикой будущего национал-социализма: в том числе, образы «народного трибуна» и «борца за национальные интересы» были сформированы под воздействием политической культуры Г. фон Шёнерера. Взаимодействие с «общеавстрийским» Немецким школьным союзом позволяло Шёнереру получить доступ к широкой сети общественных организаций Австро-Венгрии, которая представляла собой мощный инструмент для формирования «про-немецких» настроений. Участие пангерманистов в «кризисе Бадени» конца 1890-х гг. способствовало широкому распространению в международном сообществе идеи о внутренней слабости Габсбургской монархии, что подчеркнуло разницу в положении между сторонниками и противниками Монархии. Но в немецком либерализме шёнерианцы стали своеобразной «точкой отсчета», близость или удаленность от которой была одним из маркеров дифференциации внутри конституционного крыла. В то же время агрессивные кампании против евреев наращивали истерию вокруг их положения в обществе, формируя негативное отношение и обостряя дихотомию «еврей-немец». Политика австрийских пангерманистов способствовала углублению проблемы «двойной лояльности», обогащая рефлексивный опыт австрийских элит, и закладывала идеологические основы внешнеполитического курса Австрии в межвоенный и послевоенный периоды XX в. / The research issues center around the processes of the national identity formation of the titular nation's political and intellectual elite in the multinational state in the 19th century. The Austrian Pan-Germanists’ influence was expressed in different areas with different intensity. The long-term results of their activities were associated with the idea of the Anschluss of Austria after the First World War and the symbols of the National Socialism: including the images of the «people's tribune» and the «fighter for national interests» were formed under the influence of the political culture of G. von Schoenerer. Interaction with the German School Union (Deutsche Schulverein) allowed Schoenerer to gain access to a wide network of public organizations in Austria-Hungary, which represented a powerful tool for strength the «pro-German» sympathies. Participation of Pan-Germanists in the «Badeni crisis» of the late 1890s contributed to the widespread dissemination in the international community of the idea of the Habsburg Monarchy internal weakness, which emphasized the difference in the position between supporters and opponents of Habsburgs. But in German liberalism, the Schoenerians became a «reference point», which was one of the markers of differentiation within the constitutional wing. At the same time aggressive campaigns against Jews increased hysteria around their position in society, creating negative attitudes and exacerbating the «Jew-German» dichotomy. The policy of the Austrian Pan-Germanists contributed to the deepening of the problem of «dual loyalty», enriching the reflective experience of the Austrian elites, and laid the ideological foundations of Austria's foreign policy course in the interwar and post-war periods of the 20th century.

A la charnière des XIXe et XXe siècles, Berta Zuckerkandl (1864-1945), salonnière et journaliste autrichienne, participa activement à établir des échanges artistiques, culturels et politiques entre la France et l'Empire austro-hongrois. Alors que ses liens familiaux avec Georges Clemenceau lui permirent d'entrer en contact avec les artistes et intellectuels parisiens qu'il fréquentait - Rodin, Carrière, Raffelli, Geffroy..., son salon rassemblait à Vienne quelques-uns des acteurs emblématiques de la Wiener Moderne - Bahr, Klimt, Wagner, Mahler...-, formant le noyau d'un vaste réseau social européen. Porte-parole de la Sécession viennoise, Zuckerkandl s'imposa également comme l'une des critiques d'art les plus productives de son temps, guidant les artistes et initiant le public à l'art moderne, en s'appuyant sur les initiatives françaises pour orienter le développement de l'art. Cette étude vise ainsi à mettre en lumière son rôle dans la dynamique des échanges artistiques entre Vienne et Paris. Elle apporte d'abord des éléments biographiques éclairant la place privilégiée de Zuckerkandl à la rencontre des cultures française et autrichienne. Elle montre ensuite son implication au sein des cercles artistiques autrichiens et offre une analyse détaillée d'un corpus d'écrits sur l'art moderne. Elle expose enfin les résultats de ses interventions en faveur de la promotion des artistes français et de la réception de leurs oeuvres en Autriche, mettant en lumière les objectifs artistiques, culturels et politiques poursuivis par Zuckerkandl, décidé à préserver la culture autrichienne à l'épreuve de la guerre et de la chute de l'Empire austro-hongrois. / At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, Berta Zuckerkandl (1864-1945), Austrian salonnière and journalist, engaged actively in artistic, cultural and political exchanges between France and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Being on familiar terms with Georges Clemenceau gave her the opportunity to exchange ideas with artists and intellectuals in Paris, including Rodin, Carriere, Raffaelli, and Geffroy. Her salon in Vienna gathered some of the most pioneering personalities of the Wiener Moderne...- Bahr, Klimt, Wagner, Mahler...- and thus formed the centre of a vast social network within Europe. Being a spokeswoman of the Vienna Secession, Zuckerkandl established herself as one of the most active contemporary art critics. She guided artists and introduced the public into modern art by drawing on French initiatives to influence the art's development. The present study thus aims at highlighting her role in the dynamic artistic exchange between Vienna and Paris. It will first present Zuckerkandl's biography in order to draw attention to her privileged position in the exchange of the French and Austrian cultures. Secondly, it will show her impact on artistic Austrian groups and provide a detailed analysis of a corpus of selected documents dealing with modern art. It will finally discuss her interventions in favour of French artists and the reception of their works in Austria by highlighting the artistic, cultural and political aims pursued by Zuckerkandl, who was determined to preserve the Austrian culture despite the war and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.