This thesis is the first book-length study of the three autos sacramentales by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Sor Juana’s religious drama has received little attention, despite her status as one of the greatest figures of Mexican literature. She was also writing during a particularly significant period in Hispanic literary history: at the end of the Spanish Golden Age, and at the rise of a new class of intellectual élites in the New World, the criollos. I contend that Sor Juana’s autos sacramentales are crucial to understanding how she contributed to the formation of a criollo identity. In doing so, she engaged with the mentalities of two continents and two historical periods: Europe and the Americas, and the Baroque and the Enlightenment. To demonstrate this, I provide a study of each of Sor Juana’s sacramental plays, alongside the loa which was written to accompany them. My method combines close-text reading with a historical approach, and I pay particular attention to the theological function of the plays. In each chapter, I focus on the concurrent strands of thought in her works. I consider how the plays demonstrate the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, and how they engage with the aesthetic and theological mindset of the Spanish Baroque. I study how they incorporate indigenous Nahuatl theatrical traditions, and ask how they engage with the scientific developments of the Enlightenment. I conclude that in her autos sacramentales Sor Juana expresses a mindset that is both geographically and historically “between two worlds.” The influence of Nahuatl theatre on Sor Juana’s dramaturgy has never before been studied. The influence of Enlightenment thought on her works has been noted by a few scholars, but never considered in relation to her religious works. The demonstration of the interaction of Enlightenment and Catholic ideas challenges our notion of the Enlightenment as a secularising movement, and has potential implications for scholars of the period beyond the sphere of Sor Juana studies.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Class of 2006 Abstract / Objectives: To evaluate the comparative efficacies of Tacrolimus and Pimecrolimus for the treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS), Pannus, and other autoimmune related ophthalmological disorders. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of clinical data obtained through two separate veterinary studies. The improvement in Schirmer Tear Test (STT) between the Tacrolimus group and Pimecrolimus group is compared. Results: There were 27 canines in the Tacrolimus group, with a total of 50 affected eyes. The Pimecrolimus group had 14 total canines, but tear production was measured in only 8, for a total of 16 affected eyes. At baseline, there was no significant difference in tear production between the two groups. At first and second follow up, and in both eyes, Tacrolimus produced a significantly greater increase in tear production than Pimecrolimus (p=0.0093 and p=0.0292 respectively for the right eye first and second follow up; p=0.0425 and p=0.0065 respectively for the left eye first and second follow up). Conclusions: Treatment with Tacrolimus produced a greater increase in tear production that Pimecrolimus in canines with autoimmune keratitis.

No description available.

La vie politique de Madagascar, durant 54 ans d’indépendance, est jalonnée de crises post-électorales et de mouvements de contestation socio-politiques multiples. De ce constat, le peuple malgache se sent en droit de disposer de ses richesses et de vivre un développement soutenu à partir d’une considération des valeurs traditionnelles. Madagascar exige une vraie mutation de la classe politique qui s’avère être inéluctable, mais le principal doute est de savoir si elle ira dans le sens escompté… Des résistances à cet élan se font sentir cardivers enjeux politiques et économiques, aussi bien internes qu'internationaux, exigent la mise aux pas du pays vers le modèle stéréotypé du développement à l’occidentale. Par conséquent, les termes « démocratie, bonne gouvernance, mondialisation » apparaissent galvaudés au point parfois de perdre la précision et la pertinence nécessaires à la compréhension des systèmes de valeurs et d'échanges politiques qu'ils sont supposés fonder et véhiculer. D’autres corollaires à ces superficiels changements imposés se font jour : prolifération d’acteurs politiques avec la multitude de groupements que cela suppose. Sachons que l’île compte actuellement 150 partis et associations politiques enregistrés auprès du ministère de l’Intérieur alors que, face à l’évolution politique,aucune « opposition » digne de ce nom ne se manifeste positivement. En fin de compte, Madagascar se trouve confrontée à des problèmes d'ordre culturel, historique, institutionnel, économique et social, face à cette inévitable mutation de sa classe politique. Après un essai de définition de la notion de pouvoir à Madagascar etun survol descriptif des acteurs politiques malgaches durant la colonisation, une étude sur le fondement de la classe politique actuelle a été menée afin de déceler les motifs réels de cette résistance à la mutation. Des difficultés socio-économiques internes viennent s'ajouter aux intérêts internationaux géopolitiques et économiques. Une observation particulière a été entreprise sur le comportement des investisseurs et décideurs français. Il s'agit, en fait, d'une illustration réelle et précise des comportements pater familias que la France adopte auprès de ses partenaires africains. / The political life of Madagascar is marked by post-election crises and sociopolitical protests, during its 54 years of independence. From this observation, Malagasy people feel entitled to enjoy their riches and live a sustained development based on consideration of traditional values. Madagascar demands a real transformation of its political class. This change seems inevitable, but the main question is whether it will go to the expected direction... Opposition to this impulse is felt, since domestic and international political and economic issues require that Madagascar conforms to the stereotypical pattern of western development. Therefore, the words “democracy, good governance, globalization” seem so overused. By this way, sometimes, they lose the necessary precision and relevance for an understanding of system of values and political exchanges they are supposed to express and establish. Other corollaries of these superficial changes that were imposed are emerging, namely the proliferation of political stakeholders that involve a multiplication of related groups. Infact, there is currently about 150 political parties and associations that are registered at the Ministry of DomesticAffairs. However, with these political developments, no real “opposition” manifest positively. Ultimately, faced with this famous and inevitable change of its political class, Madagascar is encountering cultural, historical, institutional, economic and social problems. To uncover the real motives of this resistance to change, first, atentative definition of the concept of power in Madagascar and a descriptive overview of the Malagasy politicians during the colonial period is conducted. Afterwards, a study on the basis of the current Malagasy political class is performed. In addition to domestic social and economic difficulties, there are international geopolitical and economic interests. A particular observation is undertaken on the behavior of French investors and policymakers. This is actually a real and accurate illustration of pater familias behaviors that France adopts vis-à-vis its African partners

Orientador: Roberto Tadeu Iaochite / Banca: Roberta Gurgel Azzi / Banca: Samuel de Souza Neto / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as crenças da autoeficácia docente em professores que ensinam Arte em contexto de aprendizagem colaborativa. Assim delimitou-se como objetivos específicos: a) mensurar o nível de autoeficácia e as fontes de construção dessa crença com professores de Arte antes, durante e após a participação em um curso de formação continuada; b) correlacionar as variáveis pessoais e de contexto com o nível e as fontes de autoeficácia; c) mensurar o nível de aprendizagem colaborativa entre os participantes do curso de formação e sua associação com as variáveis pessoais; d) explorar em que medida as variáveis ligadas à aprendizagem colaborativa explicam a AED e fontes; e) identificar os principais desafios percebidos para ministrar Arte na escola. Considerando os objetivos, optou-se pela pesquisa quanti-qualitaiva utizando-se de cinco instrumentos de pesquisa, a saber: um questionário de caracterização dos participantes (FISK, 2012; IAOCHITE, 2007), a Escala de Autoeficácia Docente, elaborada por TschannenMoran e Woolfolk Hoy (2001), traduzida por Polydoro et al. (2004) e ajustada para área de Arte, a Escala de Fontes de Autoeficácia Docente (IAOCHITE; AZZI, 2012), a Escala de Experiência Colaborativa (SPEARS, 2012) sobre a participação no curso de formação para o ensino de Arte e o Relatório de Avaliação sobre a Prática de Ensino, elaborado especificamente para esse estudo. Participaram 29 professores de Arte, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the beliefs of teacher self-efficacy in teachers teaching Art in a context of collaborative learning. Thus, the following specific objectives were defined: a) to measure the level of self-efficacy and the sources of construction of this belief with Art teachers before, during and after attending a continuing education course; b) correlate personal and context variables with the level and sources of self-efficacy; c)measure the level of collaborative learning among participants in the training course and their association with personal variables; d) explore the extent to which the variables linked to collaborative learning explain teacher self-efficacy and sources; e) identify the main challenges perceived to teach art in school. Considering the objectives, the quantitative-qualitative research was used using five research instruments, namely: a questionnaire to characterize the participants (FISK, 2012; IAOCHITE, 2007), the Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale elaborated by Tschannen Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001), translated by Polydoro et al. (2004) and adjusted for the area of Art, the Teaching Self-efficacy Scale (IAOCHITE, AZZI, 2012), the Collaborative Experience Scale (SPEARS, 2012) on Participation in the Art Teaching Training Course, and the Teaching Practice Assessment Report, prepared specifically for this study. Attended by 29 art teachers of both genders, with an average age of 37 years and an average time of 10.6 years of teaching c... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Le tabagisme est la cause de longues maladies, responsables chaque année de 6 millions de décès. Le principal composant du tabac, la nicotine, est l'un des psychotropes les plus addictifs. L’abandon du tabac est difficile et les pharmacothérapies les plus efficaces, telles que la varénicline, ne viennent en aide qu’à une proportion limitée des 70% de fumeurs qui souhaitent stopper. Des études cliniques et précliniques ont démontré que plusieurs mécanismes psychopharmacologiques différents contribuent au maintien de la prise de nicotine. Des données psychologiques, génétiques et neurobiologiques, issues d’études cliniques, indiquent désormais que le poids respectif de ces mécanismes psychopharmacologiques pourrait varier d’un fumeur à l’autre. Cette hétérogénéité pourrait contribuer à l’inégale efficacité de la varénicline, dont les cibles psychopharmacologiques sont encore mal connues, ainsi qu’à la faible validité prédictive des modèles précliniques, qui ne tiennent pas compte de cette possible hétérogénéité individuelle. Dans ce travail de thèse, au moyen de l’auto-administration intraveineuse de nicotine chez le rat, nous avons exploré les variations individuelles dans la sensibilité aux effets renforçants primaires de la nicotine et aux effets de la nicotine sur la sensibilité aux effets renforçants de stimuli environnementaux associés. Nous avons mis en évidence trois sous-populations d'individus dont la recherche de nicotine est contrôlée par une contribution différente de ces deux types d’effets de la nicotine. Les phénotypes de ces sous-populations ont été validés par des marqueurs comportementaux préexistants à la consommation de nicotine (l’approche conditionnée pavlovienne), par des marqueurs du métabolisme de la nicotine et des marqueurs neurobiologiques des neurotransmissions cholinergique et dopaminergique dans des structures cérébrales clés. En parallèle, nous avons exploré les cibles psychopharmacologiques de la varénicline. En utilisant une nouvelle approche qui permet de manipuler, pendant l’autoadministration, les effets de la nicotine sur les effets renforçants d’un stimulus environnemental associé, nous avons montré que la varénicline antagonise à la fois ces effets de la nicotine et ses effets renforçants primaires. Néanmoins, dans le premier cas, la varénicline agit d’autant plus que la sensibilité individuelle aux effets de la nicotine est élevée, alors que l’intensité de son effet ne dépend pas de l’amplitude des effets renforçants primaires de la nicotine. Ce travail de thèse met en évidence et valide des variations individuelles dans les mécanismes qui régissent le comportement de recherche de nicotine dans un modèle préclinique. Il offre pour perspective d'explorer les mécanismes neurobiologiques responsables de ces variations individuelles et l’impact à long terme de ces variations sur le développement de la dépendance à la nicotine, ainsi que de tester si la varénicline est plus efficace chez l’une des sous-populations identifiées. / Tobacco use leads to 6 million deaths every year due to severe long lasting diseases. The main component of tobacco, nicotine, is recognized as one of the most addictive drugs, making smoking cessation difficult, even when 70% of smokers wish to do so. Critically, even the most effective pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation, such as varenicline, have only limited efficacy. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated consistently that nicotine seeking is a complex behavior involving various psychopharmacological mechanisms. Critically, converging psychological, genetic and neurobiological data from clinical studies support that the mechanisms controlling nicotine seeking may vary from individual to individual. This heterogeneity could explain the unequal efficiency of treatments, notably of varenicline, whose psychopharmacological targets are still poorly understood, and the poor predictive validity of preclinical models, which do not consider possible individual variations in the mechanisms of nicotine seeking. In this PhD work, using intravenous nicotine self-administration in the rat, we have explored individual variations in the control of nicotine seeking, by the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, nicotine’s impact on environmental cues, or both. We have evidenced three sub-populations of individuals whose nicotine seeking is controlled by distinct contributions of nicotine primary reinforcing effects and nicotine-cue interactions. Their phenotypes of nicotine seeking have been supported and validated by pre-existing behavioral markers of Pavlovian conditioned approach, as well as by markers of nicotine metabolism, and neurobiological markers of cholinergic and dopamine transmissions in key brain structures. In parallel, we have explored psychopharmacological targets of varenicline. Using a novel approach that allows manipulating the reinforcing-enhancing effects of nicotine on cues, during nicotine self-administration, we evidenced that varenicline antagonizes both these cue reinforcing-enhancing effects and the primary reinforcing effect of nicotine, but as a function of the individual response amplitude for the former, and not for the latter. This PhD work evidences and validates preclinical individual variations in the mechanisms of nicotine seeking. It opens the perspective of exploring the neurobiological causal mechanisms for these individual variations, their long term impact on the development of nicotine dependence and whether varenicline efficacy benefits more to the subpopulation mostly driven by nicotine-induced enhancement of cue reinforcing effects.

Orientador: Luciene Regina Paulino Tognetta / Banca: Maria Suzana de Stefano Menin / Banca: Elaine Prodócimo / Resumo: O bullying é definido como "comportamento indesejado e agressivo entre crianças e adolescentes que envolve um desequilíbrio de poder entre as partes, que se repete ao longo do tempo". Os que sofrem tais agressões mantêm-se numa posição de vitimização por impossibilidade de se desvencilhar de uma autoimagem com pouco valor. Agressor e vítima estão sempre sob os olhos de seus iguais, que testemunham os fatos. Os sistemas de apoio entre pares são grupos de alunos preparados a oferecer estratégias e saídas para os problemas que afligem a convivência diária. O conceito de Equipes de Ajuda (EA's) é baseado na ideia de grupos formados na escola, que habitualmente convivem entre si e desse modo identificam seus próprios problemas, sendo considerados como redes de apoio estáveis, que atuam de modo cooperativo e colaborativo. A atual pesquisa apresenta caráter exploratório, de natureza quantitativa, e se deu pelo desenvolvimento de dois objetivos. No primeiro, buscou-se comparar as diferenças percebidas nas crenças de autoeficácia para a ajuda em situações de bullying entre adolescentes em escolas que possuem os sistemas de apoio entre iguais implantados e em escolas que não os possuem. No segundo, a evolução nas crenças de autoeficácia para ajudar em escolas onde existem os SAI implantados em três momentos distintos, antes da implantação, um ano após e dois anos após. Fazem parte dessa amostra um total de 2.403 alunos, divididos em 1.301 alunos referentes a escolas privadas que possue... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bullying is defined as a "undesirable and aggressive behavior among children and teenagers which involves a power imbalance between the roles, it's repeated along the time". Individuals who suffer such aggressions maintain themselves in a victimization role, because of impossibilities to unleash of a low value self-image. Author and target are always in their peers' presence, who testify the facts. The Peers Support Systems (SAI) are groups of students prepared to offer strategies and solutions for problems that grieve the daily coexistence. The concept of Help Teams, which are based on groups created at school, who acquaintance and, on this way, identify their own problems, being considered stable support networks, that acts cooperatively and collaboratively. The current research has an exploratory approach, analyzed quantitatively, and it has happened by two developed aims. At first, the identified differences of self-efficacy to help, in bullying situations among teenagers, were compared between schools with SAI implanted and schools where there is not this kind of work. At second, to compare the evolution in students' self-efficacy beliefs to help at schools where the SAI were implanted in three different moments: before the implantation, one year after and two years after the implantation. The sample counts 2403 students, from which 1301 studies at private schools where there are SAI, Help Teams (CEA). The others 1102 students are from schools where there is no implantat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre