T lymphocytes and macrophages appear to play an important role in mediating ß-cell damage and causing Type 1 diabetes. Both activated T cells and macrophages operate and interact through the release of soluble factors called cytokines, which influence the type and magnitude of immune responses. It has been suggested that cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1α can damage the N-cell directly. In Type 1 diabetes, cytokines are likely to have a critical role in individuals whose immune system is unbalanced allowing the emergence of self-destructive processes. To investigate this possibility, sensitive assays to detect a range of cytokines of potential relevance to the immune pathogenesis of diabetes were establised. Using these, serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1N, TNF-α and IL-6 (macrophage-derived cytokines), IFN-γ and IL-2 (T helper 1 cytokine profile) and IL-4 and IL-10 (T helper 2 profile) have been measured in patients with Type 1 diabetes of different disease duration. Increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-2 and IFN-γ were found in recently diagnosed patients with Type 1 diabetes when compared with both disease and metabolic control subjects and with normal controls. The presence of this profile of cytokines implies activation of the TH1 subset of helper cells near to diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Magister en Análisis Sistémico Aplicado a la Sociedad / La Convención Internacional de los Derechos del Niño, apoyó la visualización de la infancia como segmento poblacional vulnerable a nivel mundial. En Chile, las intervenciones que trabajan con niños, niñas y jóvenes, son variadas y orientan sus comunicaciones hacia la inclusión. El éxito o el fracaso de estas intervenciones sociales, por lo general se define a través de sus criterios de ingreso/egreso, evaluaciones económicas y de resultados. La deserción de dichas intervenciones se vuelve relevante en dicho problema. Se observarán las descripciones que realizan los niños y niñas, sobre las causas de su deserción; los posibles beneficios de no desertar y su participación social como actores relevantes para la política pública. Por medio de la aplicación del Análisis del Discurso Estructural, y apoyado en técnicas conversacionales y el dibujo infantil, se pretende levantar información relevante.Así, los niños explican la deserción, desde las relaciones sociales dentro y fuera de la intervención, los proyectos de vida y el desajuste con sus intereses, refiriendo la adolescencia versus las actividades ofrecidas por la intervención social. El sistema familiar y la educación son los más referidos desde la exclusión. La intervención social es visualizada por los/as niños/as, como un proceso que les beneficiaría en tanto los re construye como personas sociables y socialmente buenas.Quien deserta, no debe ser observado como una pérdida, se debe incorporarlos como quienes marcan el lado no marcado del supuesto éxito de la intervención. La voz de los niños debe ser oída también en la exclusión social

The application of auto focus, using an optical beam deflection technique, to existing live cell interferometry measurements was developed and examined. The benefit to relevant experiments, currently being performed, is shown as well as its performance across various magnifications. Enough information is given so that the system can be reproduced to fit any end users needs.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The professional auto body painter works in an extreme environment, where the painter faces constant movement, ever-changing working situations and pressure to deliver a flawless paint job: the paint booth. The temperature in the paint booth is high, often around 30˚ Celsius. The floor is very hard, made of metal grid or concrete, and the painter usually has to move around a lot, at least 9 km per day. For this project I chose to focus on the painter’s work footwear as a major part of the personal protective equipment. My goal is to create a new standard in working shoes, specifically made for this environment and context. A comfortable shoe that could withstand heat, paint dust and wear. A shoe that is made for its users: the FRM AIRCON.

This thesis is the first book-length study of the three autos sacramentales by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Sor Juana’s religious drama has received little attention, despite her status as one of the greatest figures of Mexican literature. She was also writing during a particularly significant period in Hispanic literary history: at the end of the Spanish Golden Age, and at the rise of a new class of intellectual élites in the New World, the criollos. I contend that Sor Juana’s autos sacramentales are crucial to understanding how she contributed to the formation of a criollo identity. In doing so, she engaged with the mentalities of two continents and two historical periods: Europe and the Americas, and the Baroque and the Enlightenment. To demonstrate this, I provide a study of each of Sor Juana’s sacramental plays, alongside the loa which was written to accompany them. My method combines close-text reading with a historical approach, and I pay particular attention to the theological function of the plays. In each chapter, I focus on the concurrent strands of thought in her works. I consider how the plays demonstrate the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, and how they engage with the aesthetic and theological mindset of the Spanish Baroque. I study how they incorporate indigenous Nahuatl theatrical traditions, and ask how they engage with the scientific developments of the Enlightenment. I conclude that in her autos sacramentales Sor Juana expresses a mindset that is both geographically and historically “between two worlds.” The influence of Nahuatl theatre on Sor Juana’s dramaturgy has never before been studied. The influence of Enlightenment thought on her works has been noted by a few scholars, but never considered in relation to her religious works. The demonstration of the interaction of Enlightenment and Catholic ideas challenges our notion of the Enlightenment as a secularising movement, and has potential implications for scholars of the period beyond the sphere of Sor Juana studies.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.