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Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Praun_LucieneidaDovao_D.pdf: 2161036 bytes, checksum: 6a1a55be7e47b28738b6c7b0d1e11f44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A pesquisa ora apresentada trata do impacto da reorganização do trabalho e da produção fundada nos pressupostos do toyotismo, em curso no Brasil a partir dos anos 1990, sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores. Tem como pressuposto a análise teórica que articula as alterações ocorridas no interior dos locais de trabalho, em escala global, a um processo mais amplo de reorganização do padrão de acumulação capitalista. Para desenvolvimento da pesquisa tomou-se como objeto de estudo a General Motors do Brasil (GMB), particularmente a planta produtiva instalada no município de São José dos Campos/SP. Especificamente sobre a planta localizada no interior paulista foram analisadas 1.517 Comunicações de Acidentes de Trabalho (CAT), sendo 579 emitidas pela GM e as restantes, 938, pelo Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São José dos Campos. A análise destes documentos, da pesquisa bibliográfica, do acesso a outras fontes documentais, assim como a realização de entrevistas focalizadas com os trabalhadores da General Motors do Brasil, possibilitaram a construção de um panorama das condições de trabalho presentes na respectiva planta e seu impacto sobre os trabalhadores. Buscou-se ainda, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a relação do fenômeno estudado a partir de um local específico com processos mais amplos, em andamento, que articulam precarização, aceleração do ritmo e intensidade do trabalho, ao aumento expressivo, no mundo inteiro, da incidência de acidentes e doenças profissionais e do trabalho / Abstract: The present research reveals the significant impact upon labor reorganization and production oriented towards the so-called Toyotism, which is in progress in Brazil since the 1980¿s and closely related to workplace health. The research theoretically focuses on the changes detected in the work environment, influenced by a lengthy process of capitalist accumulation. In order to carry out the study, a General Motors Brazil (GMB) plant located in São José dos Campos was selected. More specifically, 1517 work accident claims were analyzed, of which 579 were filed by GM and 938 by the Labor Union in São José dos Campos. Based on the critical analysis of documents and interviews with GM workers a framework for the working conditions in the aforementioned plant and the impact on workers was developed. The research also sheds light on the process which brings about precarious work, rhythm acceleration and labor intensity in view of the considerable growth of workplace injury and illness / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutora em Sociologia

The present study adopted a “field-laboratory-field” approach in the assessment of the efficacy of ergonomics interventions specific to two selected tasks evaluated in a South African automotive industry. Initial field testing was conducted in an Eastern Cape (South Africa) automotive plant where high risk areas were identified during walkthrough ergonomics surveys in conjunction with interaction with operators. Temporal factors and working postures of 12 industrial workers were recorded and observed, while physiological and perceptual responses were assessed. Two priority areas were focused upon for analysis, namely the Paintshop and Bodyshop with the former identified as being the more taxing of the two tasks. Responses of 30 students participating in rigourously controlled laboratory simulations were subsequently collected while completing the two tasks, namely the Paintshop Trolley Transfer (PTT) and Car Door Carriage (CDC) for participants. Working postures, kinematic, physiological and perceptual responses were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the laboratory experimentation a basic re-evaluation was conducted at the plant to assess whether the proposed changes had a positive effect on working postures, physiological and perceptual responses. The results of the preliminary field investigation revealed a prevalence of awkward working postures and excessive manual work in both areas. Laboratory experimentation revealed a notable reduction in task demands pre- versus post-intervention. The PTT mean lean angle for two-handed pre-intervention pulling observations of 23.7° (±3.51) was reduced to 13.9° (±2.21) post-intervention. Low back disorder (LBD) risk was reduced during the two-handed pull intervention (from 36.8% ±8.03 to 21.7% ±5.31). A significant decrement in heart rate responses from 103 bt.min-1 (±11.62) to 93 bt.min[superscript -1] (±11.77) was recorded during the two-handed symmetrical pushing intervention. The electromyography (EMG) responses for one-handed pushing and pulling pre-intervention showed the highest levels of muscular activity in the right medial deltoid due to an awkward and asymmetrical posture. CDC responses demonstrated that minor changes in the storage height of the door resulted in a significant reduction in sagittal flexion from 28.0° (±4.78) to 20.7° (±5.65). Predictions of average probability of LBD risk were significantly reduced from 50.3% (±5.91) to 39.8% (±5.10) for post-intervention car door lifting. In addition, the greatest reduction in EMG activity as a %MVC was achieved during sub-task ii (reduced from 35.1 to 13.7% and 30.5 to 13.9% for left and right erector spinae respectively) which was associated with the introduction of the transfer trolley for the door transfer phase of the CDC. Re-evaluation in the automotive plant revealed that the most notable change has been the implementation of automated ride on trolleys in the Paintshop. The Bodyshop area has also been modified to allow more effective job rotation and the step into the storage bin has been reduced via a “low-cost” stepping platform. Mean heart rate recordings were reduced from 94 (±9.77) bt.min[superscript -1] to 81 (±3.72) bt.min[superscript -1] in the Paintshop. Overall the results demonstrate the effect of “low-cost” interventions in reducing the physical stresses placed on workers in the automotive industry where much of the work is still done manually.

Os acidentes e o adoecimento no trabalho têm sido objeto de grande atenção por parte de instituições públicas vinculadas à seguridade social, de pesquisadores nas universidades e de entidades de classe como os sindicatos. Sobretudo, em se tratando de setores de alta capacidade tecnológica, instalados em países de economia dependente, situações em que, geralmente, a extração de mais-valor atinge patamares extraordinários, como é o caso, por exemplo, da indústria automotiva. Seus métodos de organização do trabalho associados ao complexo padrão tecnológico estimulam o crescimento da economia e o desenvolvimento de outros setores, mas, será que o legado positivo da indústria automotiva se estende também na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros? O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um panorama dos empregos, da produção e dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por adoecimentos e acidentes de trabalho no período temporal 2005-2013, especificamente nas montadoras de automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões, ônibus, máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias instaladas no Brasil. A implicações práticas advindas do estudo da saúde do trabalhador na engrenagem automotiva, contribuirão, de forma inédita, para a visualização do processo saúde-doença dessa classe trabalhadora. A pesquisa exploratória permitirá a aproximação da realidade e possibilitará a identificação de padrões ou hipóteses de expressão das manifestações da questão social. / Accidents and illness at work have been an issue of great importance to public institutions associated to social security, university researchers and professional associations as trade unions. Especially, when it comes to high-capability technological areas installed in economically-dependent countries where in situations like that, the extraction of value generally reaches extraordinary levels, such as, for instance, the automotive industry. Its methods of work organization associated with the complex technologic pattern stimulate the growth of economy and the development of others sectors, but will be the positive legacy of the automotive industry also extends health of Brazilian workers? The goal of this study is to develop a broader view of illnesses and work accidents in the Brazilian automotive industry, throughout the 2005-2013 time frame, having as guiding the information provided by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers – ANFAVEA and the National Institute of Social Security – INSS. The practical implications resulting from The worker’s health in the automotive industry cog, will contribute in a unique way, to visualize the health-disease process of this working class. Exploratory research will allow a closer reality and will enable the identification of patterns or hypotheses that comes from the expression of the manifestations of the social question.

Os acidentes e o adoecimento no trabalho têm sido objeto de grande atenção por parte de instituições públicas vinculadas à seguridade social, de pesquisadores nas universidades e de entidades de classe como os sindicatos. Sobretudo, em se tratando de setores de alta capacidade tecnológica, instalados em países de economia dependente, situações em que, geralmente, a extração de mais-valor atinge patamares extraordinários, como é o caso, por exemplo, da indústria automotiva. Seus métodos de organização do trabalho associados ao complexo padrão tecnológico estimulam o crescimento da economia e o desenvolvimento de outros setores, mas, será que o legado positivo da indústria automotiva se estende também na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros? O objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um panorama dos empregos, da produção e dos benefícios previdenciários concedidos por adoecimentos e acidentes de trabalho no período temporal 2005-2013, especificamente nas montadoras de automóveis, comerciais leves, caminhões, ônibus, máquinas agrícolas e rodoviárias instaladas no Brasil. A implicações práticas advindas do estudo da saúde do trabalhador na engrenagem automotiva, contribuirão, de forma inédita, para a visualização do processo saúde-doença dessa classe trabalhadora. A pesquisa exploratória permitirá a aproximação da realidade e possibilitará a identificação de padrões ou hipóteses de expressão das manifestações da questão social. / Accidents and illness at work have been an issue of great importance to public institutions associated to social security, university researchers and professional associations as trade unions. Especially, when it comes to high-capability technological areas installed in economically-dependent countries where in situations like that, the extraction of value generally reaches extraordinary levels, such as, for instance, the automotive industry. Its methods of work organization associated with the complex technologic pattern stimulate the growth of economy and the development of others sectors, but will be the positive legacy of the automotive industry also extends health of Brazilian workers? The goal of this study is to develop a broader view of illnesses and work accidents in the Brazilian automotive industry, throughout the 2005-2013 time frame, having as guiding the information provided by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers – ANFAVEA and the National Institute of Social Security – INSS. The practical implications resulting from The worker’s health in the automotive industry cog, will contribute in a unique way, to visualize the health-disease process of this working class. Exploratory research will allow a closer reality and will enable the identification of patterns or hypotheses that comes from the expression of the manifestations of the social question.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

A review of the literature on strategy implementation reveals that there is limited knowledge on how strategies should be implemented. This thesis focuses on a case study of strategy implementation at a major Eastern Cape component supplier company in the automotive industry, for purposes of establishing how the company implemented its strategies to become one of the best cost leaders in the manufacture of automotive pressed metal body components in South Africa. Data collated from the company is analysed and discussed with a resultant description of how the research participants understood the process of strategy implementation within the research company during the period January 2006 to December 2007. Interviews were undertaken within the levels of top management, middle management and the operational employees. Interpretations were made of the constructs made by the research participants in their understanding of how the research company implemented its strategy to become one of the best cost leaders in the manufacture of automotive pressed metal body components. It transpired from the findings of the research that the research company manufactured 70% of its products for one major client. During the manufacture of its products, the research company had to conform to the quality standards required by the main client. The main client was therefore offered the desired service at the best price. The strategy of the research company was to strive to be one of the best cost leaders in the manufacture of its products. It sought to do this by producing high quality products. Analysis is made of the strategic content, strategic context, operational processes and outcomes for the research company after the implementation of its strategy. It emerges in the case study that the strategy implementation factors cannot be considered separately in linear models but holistically, since one implementation factor may influence the others, resulting in a context and process based approach.

Over the past fifty years, interest in the field of conflict management and peacekeeping has developed worldwide. During the same time, the potential for trans-ultural) conflict has escalated. This can mainly be attributed to the trend towards globalisation, as well as the growing complexity of societies increasingly experiencing more intercultural encounters or cultural transition situations and work-related or organisational conflicts. Cultural transition situations occur in the South African international automotive industry where the emergence of international co-operation, such as joint ventures (driven by globalisation) and new diversity management trends, have changed the way business is conducted. Due to these changes, employees of diverse origins with different cultures, values and identities work together, experiencing work-related conflicts. The purpose of this study was to assess managerial perspectives on conflict, identity and values, as well as on how (trans-cultural) conflict is managed in a selected international organisation in the South African automotive industry. The contribution of this study is twofold, namely to increase the understanding of the complexities of conflict in organisations; and to provide recommendations for conflict resolution strategies to manage (trans-cultural) conflict constructively by considering the values and identity aspects of those individuals involved. This study comprises a single explanatory case study which made use of qualitative data collection and analysis to investigate managerial perspectives on conflict, identity and values, as well as the management thereof, in the selected international organisation in the South African automotive context. Based on the main findings from this case study, it could be concluded that managers with diverse backgrounds experience work-related conflicts which are related to value and identity concepts in the selected organisation. The conflicts experienced fell into the categories of Communication and Treatment, Position and Competition, Organisation and Race and Gender.An overview of the occurrence frequency of value statements revealed that equality, communication and respect were the most commonly indicated values in conflicts. These value concepts include sub-concepts such as: · for equality: race, gender and human equality; · for communication: open, personal, free, decent, calm and proactive communication; and · for respect: mutual respect for self and others. With regard to value concepts and according to value domains of Schwartz (1994) and Schwartz and Bilsky (1987), the value dimensions of selftranscendence comprised the highest number of value statements. This dimension included the value domains of universalism and benevolence. Conflict in the data material was interlinked with identity. The extracts, based on the key words of the identity factors, demonstrated that the identity factors were related to either a weakening or strengthening effect on identities. Social and identity multiplicity in managers provides creativity spaces and flexibility in cases of strong identity patterns. Particularly with weak identities, the existence of conflict potentials could lead to complex conflicts and challenges in conflict management. Communication was most often mentioned as important to successful conflict resolution management and included examples such as round-table talks, smooth communication, face-to-face communication and room meetings. Communication was followed in frequency by strategies of internal intervention, which included the use of the formal structure of the organisation to resolve conflicts.