The current coalition government in England has expressed its commitment to establishing an autonomous teaching profession. This study argues that such autonomy cannot exist in a system that is ideologically driven by market forces and neo-liberal policy. The best situation that most teachers can hope to experience – barring a seismic shift in material conditions – is an earned and scrutinised autonomy, which is an oxymoronic concept. It is argued that the tight control exercised by the state over what happens in schools through its promotion of market forces, reinforces the ideological nature of schooling in England. The theoretical and ontological basis of the study resides in an orthodox Marxist perspective and analyses the way in which neo-liberalism has formed the basis for the material conditions under which teachers currently work. It develops this idea to demonstrate how this dominant ideology pervades current discourse about pedagogy and curriculum, reducing such discourse to a narrower consideration of ‘standards’. It considers how this diminution of what the curriculum has become has, in its turn, had an impact on teachers’ view of their professional autonomy. Data are gathered from two rounds of interviews with 22 serving teachers complemented by some written responses from them. Six others with a professional interest in education policy-making, four of whom are headteachers, are also interviewed. The conclusion is drawn that teachers’ autonomy remains restricted, with any independence of action largely contingent upon the production of outcomes measured against limited, pre-determined and ideologically driven outcomes. The study identifies a disconnection between the aspirations of teachers with regard to their professional autonomy and those of some, but not all, headteachers. A further disconnection between the aspirations of teachers and the policies of central government is also identified. Significantly, teachers may enjoy more professional autonomy in those schools which currently, and possibly temporarily, enjoy market popularity. In terms of a contribution to the debate about teacher autonomy, the study demonstrates that, notwithstanding the effects of the current policy ensemble, teachers maintain a sense of what education could offer young people that goes beyond the existing, reductive models that frame their working lives.

Kant famously claims that autonomy is the ground of dignity. If he is correct about the grounding relationship, then doubts about our autonomy entail doubts about our dignity. Here, I attempt to show that Kant is sensitive to this problem, and invokes the ‘fact of reason’ (Faktum der Vernunft) as the key piece of evidence for our autonomy, and therefore our dignity. But as is well known, Kant’s appeal to the Faktum is controversial. After presenting an exegetical case for the connection between dignity and the fact of reason, I respond to two prominent criticisms of Kant’s strategy in the Critique of Practical Reason in attempt to defend Kant’s use of the Faktum, and hence to preserve his conception of the dignity of humanity.

Losing ownership and control over the development of and connection to our own person detaches us from the most innate embodiment of ourselves, our person. Without being able to develop and connect to our person, we become detached from expressing our identity, exercising our autonomy, and formulating our own values, the most intrinsic features our person encapsulates. While we yearn to act on our own projects to express our identity, exercise our autonomy, and formulate our own values the way we want, morality imposes huge demands on our person that restrain us from doing so. Morality’s major requirement to always act on morally significant projects to produce the overall good puts us at risk of forfeiting our identity, autonomy, and values. Despite these features being the most innate embodiment of ourselves, morality neglects them so that we always participate in its domain of beneficence to further the interests of others who are in need. Even though great benefits result from always acting on morally significant projects to produce the overall good, we are at odds with moral beneficence because of the demands it imposes on our person. In this thesis, it is argued what makes a moral theory too demanding. Arguments by Bernard Williams, Samuel Scheffler, Liam B. Murphy, and Richard W. Miller are evaluated to construct views of what makes a moral theory too demanding for them. Afterwards, differences and commonalities are drawn from their views to frame the final view of what makes a moral theory too demanding that is argued here. All of the philosophers’ views contribute to the claim that we are entitled to our lives outside of morality’s domain of beneficence. Afterwards, it is explained why we are entitled to our lives outside of morality’s domain of beneficence. The most compelling explanation is that the potential development of our own person entitles us to do so outside of morality’s domain of beneficence. By developing our person to its fullest height on our own terms and conditions, we can connect to it in the best way possible. Nonetheless, because we are forced to always participate in morality’s domain of beneficence, we lack the ownership and control over the development of and connection to our own person. The demandingness of morality holds the reins over this relation between the development of and connection to our person when in fact we should.

The concept of level of aspiration bears directly on goal setting behavior; it is a convenient and important variable in understanding human motivation in a variety of situations. Thus it was the purpose of this study to investigate the relationships between levels of aspiration and the psychological needs of achievement, dominance, autonomy, change, and aggression.

Slides of TAT cards 1 and 2 were shown to 87 college students asked to write stories about them. Subjects also ranked the importance of 5 attributes in understanding their personalities. Attribute scores from projections and centrality scores from rankings, for achievement and autonomy, were regressed onto college GPA, trail-making, and autonomy by life history. Predictions failed to reach suitably low significance levels. Subscaling the life history questionnaire by factor analysis and subsequently regressing toward subscales resulted in multiple correlation significant at p < .01. Important to the model was the significant (p < .02) improvement in using the attribute by centrality interaction over either variable alone. Results were discussed in terms of a cognitive model for projectives.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This study examined parenting style variables in predicting college students’ depression symptoms. Participants were 989 college students who participated in the first wave of the Spit for Science project (Dick et al., 2011). This study described the prevalence of depression symptoms, including the percentage of the sample endorsing various depression symptoms, and the frequency depression scores were elevated at multiple time points. A hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to examine whether two dimensions of parenting style, Autonomy Granting and Parental Involvement, would interact in predicting depression symptoms in the Junior year. The present study demonstrates that parenting style predicts a small but significant amount of variance in depression symptoms, after controlling for demographic characteristics, and these variables interact in producing their effect. Overall, findings suggest that depression symptoms are common and parenting style is relevant in understanding such symptoms.

Nombre d’étudiants en soins infirmiers, lorsqu’ils font référence au déroulement de leurs études, exprime un sentiment de difficulté qui fait débat. En définitive, comment ces étudiants abordent-ils leur cursus pour devenir opérants ? C’est pour répondre à cette question que nous nous sommes immergés au sein d’un I.F.S.I. de la Loire, de 2007 à 2009. L’enquête a été complétée d’une série de vingt-sept entretiens biographiques d’étudiants infirmiers. Le compte-rendu ethnographique constitue les deux premières parties de la thèse, la troisième, intitulée « Regards croisés », porte sur les résultats d’une analyse pluridisciplinaire. En premier lieu, la notion de carrière identifie un processus en trois étapes, à savoir, l’affiliation, l’agir sous contrôle et l’agir émancipé. Ensuite, en nous centrant plus particulièrement sur l’analyse de neuf récits de vie d’étudiants de troisième année, nous avons décrit quatre mondes socioprofessionnels auxquels se rattachent les univers de croyances correspondants. Enfin, en rapport avec la spécificité des métiers dits « impossibles », selon l’expression de Freud, une étude comparée avec la formation en I.U.F.M. et avec l’enseignement technique agricole relève une spécificité propre au domaine infirmier, à savoir le rôle thérapeutique tenu et son enjeu éthique inscrits au sein de la relation soignante. En synthèse, nous proposons un schéma récapitulatif qui reprend le fil conducteur des éléments conceptuels répertoriés, ceux-ci s’établissant à partir de la distinction, travail prescrit / travail réel et du débat de normes qui en découle, jusqu’à l’« usage thérapeutique de soi ». / Number of students in nursing, when referring to the conduct of their studies, expresses a feeling of difficulty which raises questions. How do these students consider and feel their studies to become operative? To answer this question, I conducted the fieldwork immersed in an IFSI of France, between 2007 and 2009. A series of twenty-seven biographical interviews of student-nurses amends this survey. The first two parts of the thesis is composed of the ethnographic report. The third part, entitled "Viewpoints" focuses on the results of a multidisciplinary analysis. First, the concept of career identifies a three-step process: affiliation, acting under control and emancipated act. Then, by focusing on the analysis of nine life stories of third-year students, I described four different socioprofessional worlds whom each of them relates to its own universe of beliefs. Lastly, with respect to the specific business called "impossible" according to the Freud’s words, a comparative study with IUFM training and technical agricultural education show a special feature of nursing, namely the therapeutic role held and ethical issue associated with the caring relationship. To conclude, we propose a scheme that uses the summary of design elements listed, they are from establishing the distinction prescribed work / actual work standards and debate that follows, until "therapeutic use of self".

La subsidiarité joue, dans le registre du droit public européen, sur deux paliers : celui de la répartition des compétences entre l'Etat et les collectivités territoriales et celui des relations entre les pouvoirs publics et les personnes privées. Applicable à la répartition des compétences entre les autorités centrales et décentralisées d'un Etat, la subsidiarité territoriale est susceptible de justifier la politique de décentralisation et les transferts de compétences subséquents, et de renforcer ainsi l'autonomie locale. Notre thèse cherche à vérifier cette hypothèse, dans le contexte engendré par l'introduction du principe de subsidiarité dans le texte constitutionnel français, à la suite de la révision constitutionnelle de l'année 2003. Le concept d'autonomie locale est, d'abord, circonscrit. Ensuite, sont analysés les changements que la subsidiarité apporte aux limites et au contenu de l'autonomie locale française. Une démarche similaire est appliquée à l'analyse du système juridique roumain, dans le contexte où le principe de subsidiarité est présent dans certains textes normatifs infra constitutionnels régissant les services publics et l'administration publique locale. / In European public law, subsidiarity plays its role at two levels : that of the distribution of competences between the State and the local government units and that of the relations between public authorities and individuals. Applicable to the distribution of competences between central and local decentralized authorities in a State, territorial subsidiarity is likely to justify the decentralization policy and the transfers of competences implied by it, and to enhance, therefore, local autonomy. Our dissertation aims at checking this hypothesis, in the context generated by the introduction of the principle of subsidiarity in the French Constitution, subsequent to its revision in 2003. First, the concept of local autonomy is circumscribed. Then, the limits and the content of French local autonomy are analyzed, from the point of view of the ways in which they have been influenced by subsidiarity. A similar approach follows for the Romanian legal system, in the context in which the principle of subsidiarity appears in certain statutes governing the public services and the local public administration.

86 Abstract - Transplantation Act: ethical and legal aspects. Theory and practice in the Czech Republic in comparison to the legal regulation in Germany Transplantations and related issues form an important part of medical law which is constantly developing. Currently it is a widely debated topic because there is lack of organs for donation, thus current supply can't satisfy all the demanding donees. It is a problem where the ethic, legal, medical and economic factors meet so there is no easy solution for majority of difficulties associated with transplantations. This diploma thesis focuses on contemporary legislation of organ and tissue donation and transplantations in Czech Republic which is mainly based on transplantation law and several legally binding international agreements. The aim of the thesis is a comprehensive evaluation of the current legislation and its comparison with the same legal branch in Germany. The work will also point out some of the shortcomings associated with the transplantation law and proposal of possible solution. Thanks to the comparison the thesis comes to a conclusion that the Czech transplantation law is relatively of high quality, but there are still imperfections which haven't been erased even by the approved amendatory act. However with relation to the German...