Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-26T17:32:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thamyris Sampaio Vilela.pdf: 3001387 bytes, checksum: d945149445f8ee2765222f5475c7eaa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T17:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thamyris Sampaio Vilela.pdf: 3001387 bytes, checksum: d945149445f8ee2765222f5475c7eaa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / CAPES / CNPq / FAPERJ / This study aimed to develop a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for diagnosis of Plasmodium spp. using as target the 18S rDNA and Cyt b genes. A range of 101 blood samples were collected from Gallus gallus in poultry rustic breeds of in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The collected bloods were used to prepare blood smears and to extract the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of these samples. There with, molecular protocols were tested, such as the already published conventional PCR (cPCR) and nested PCR (nPCR), designed for Plasmodium spp. In this study two qPCR protocols were developed using primers targeting the Cyt b and 18S rDNA genes. The qPCR detection limit for both genes was 10 copies of the target DNA, which were higher than the detection limit observed in nPCR and cPCR. In qPCR, 69.30% (n = 70/101) samples were positive targeting 18Sr DNA gene and 59.40% (n = 60/101) samples were positive targeting Cyt b gene. In nPCR and cPCR, 54.45% (n = 55/101) and 52.47% (n= 53/101) samples were positive, respectively. In blood smear microscopy, 31 (30.69%) samples were positive. There was no disagreement between the results (p > 0.05) of qPCR for 18Sr DNA and Cyt b genes. Additionally, qPCR was more sensitive than the other techniques discussed, mostly related to blood smear microscopy (p < 0.05). Therefore, the two qPCR developed in the study showed more sensitivity than other techniques and enabled the detection of Plasmodium spp. in poultry even in low parasitemia. / Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um ensaio de PCR em tempo real (qPCR) para o diagn?stico de Plasmodium spp. utilizando os genes 18S rDNA e cyt b. Foram coletadas 101 amostras de sangue de aves da esp?cie Gallus gallus de cria??o r?stica ou org?nica no munic?pio de Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro. Os sangues coletados foram utilizados na prepara??o de esfrega?os de sangue e para extra??o do ?cido desoxirribonucl?ico (DNA) destas amostras. Protocolos de ensaios moleculares foram testados, tal como o PCR convencional (cPCR), nestedPCR (nPCR) e qPCR para Plasmodium spp. Neste estudo dois protocolos de qPCR foram desenvolvidos utilizando oligoiniciadores desenhados com alvo no citocromo b e 18S rDNA. O limite de detec??o para os dois genes qPCR foi de 10 c?pias do alvo de DNA, que foram maiores do que o limite de detec??o observado em nPCR e cPCR. Em qPCR, 69,30% (n = 70/101) amostras foram positivas com alvo no gene 18SrDNA e 59,40%(n = 60/101) amostras positivas com alvo no gene cyt b. Em nPCR e cPCR, 54,45% (n = 55/101) e 52,47% (n = 53/101) amostras foram positivas, respectivamente. Em microscopia de esfrega?o de sangue, 31 (30,69%) amostras foram positivas. N?o houve discord?ncia entre os resultados (p> 0,05) de qPCR para os genes 18SrDNA e cyt b.. Al?m disso, qPCR foi mais sens?vel do que as outras t?cnicas discutidas, principalmente relacionado com a microscopia ?ptica (p <0,05). Portanto, os dois ensaios de qPCR desenvolvidos neste estudo mostraram mais sensibilidade do que outras t?cnicas e permitiu a detec??o de Plasmodium spp. em aves de cria??o r?stica mesmo com baixa parasitemia.

The purpose of this research is to solve several important problems of the AVI system, including the AVI site location problem, travel time forecasting, the study of reliability and accuracy of the forecasted travel time. This thesis serves as a further research toward the modeling of AVI systems in which the effects of AVI site location, AVI site density, travel time forecasting are analyzed. The model based on the genetic algorithms was applied to AVI site location problem to solve it as a multi-objective optimization problem, thus the best locations was determined on the basis of several criteria. The model developed was tested in an assumed transportation network. The achieved CPU time in this stage of the research are promising. MATLAB and its accompanying Neural Network Toolbox, has been applied to data obtained from San Antonio real time AVI Tag database to forecast travel time. The approach to the neural network is detailed in this paper. Two ANN models were tested in this research. The accuracy of AVI travel time forecasting was then assessed and the better model for travel time forecasting was found. Lastly, a comparison of forecasted travel time with different travel time prediction technologies was performed to serve as a reference parameter for the travel time forecasting study. / Master of Science

[pt] O presente estudo busca analisar o comportamento do investidor brasileiro em diferentes ambientes de taxas de juros e compara esse comportamento com a teoria tradicional de finanças e as finanças comportamentais. Além de dados quantitativos disponíveis do mercado de capitais brasileiro, o estudo desenvolve uma pesquisa qualitativa, observacional de campo – de autoria dos autores. A pesquisa de campo busca adaptar para o mercado brasileiro o trabalho de Yoav Ganzach and Avi Wohl (2018) A Behavioral Theory of the Effect of the Risk-Free Rate on the Demand for Risky Assets que sugere que taxas de juros mais baixas mudam a propensão a tomar risco por parte dos investidores. Esse tipo de abordagem vai de encontro ao que sugere a microeconomia clássica, segundo a qual, o que importa é o prêmio de risco, ou o retorno superior ao retorno sem risco. Dito de outra forma, segundo a literatura clássica, o nível de retorno livre de risco não importa. O presente trabalho reproduz experimentos no mercado brasileiro visando compreender se prêmio de risco é uma variável relevante ou se o nível de juros altera a forma de se investir. Além disso o trabalho busca entender se há distinção entre investidores de varejo e de alta renda. / [en] The present study analyses the behaviour of brazilian investors in different interest rate environments and compares this behaviour with traditional theory of finance and behavioural finance. In addition to quantitative data available from the Brazilian capital market, the study develops a qualitative, observational field research – authored by the authors. The field research seeks to adapt the work of Yoav Ganzach and Avi Wohl (2018) A Behavioral Theory of the Effect of the Risk-Free Rate on the Demand for Risky Assets that suggests that lower interest rates change investors propensity to take risk. This type of approach goes against what the classical microeconomy suggests, according to which, what matters is the risk premium, or the higher return to risk-free return. Put another way, according to classical literature, the level of risk-free return does not matter. The present work reproduces experiments in the Brazilian market to understand whether risk premium is a relevant variable or if the level of interest changes the way of investing. In addition, the paper seeks to understand whether there is a distinction between retail and high-income investors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Raquel Silva Lisboa.pdf: 3491225 bytes, checksum: e18ca335db22717674936719fe4abae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Avian spirochetosis is an acute septicemic disease, cosmopolite, of a variety of avian species caused by Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff, 1891). This spirochete is usually present in the blood of infected birds during the early stages of the disease. The present study assesses the experimental transmission of B. anserina by infected ticks Argas miniatus, observing the pre-patent and patent period, and comparing the clinical and hematological alterations. Twenty-seven fowls of the species Gallus gallus were randomly allocated into three groups composed by nine animals each. One group was exposed to B. anserina infected ticks (group 1), other one to ticks free of this agent (group 2), besides one group not exposed to ticks (group 3). Blood smears of the fowls were taken, daily, since the first day the fowls were exposed to the ticks, up to the 25? day after exposure (DAE). Blood samples were collected three days before exposure, three DAE, eight DAE, and for the last time in eighteen DAE for hematologic tests. The examination of group three s smears revealed a great number of spirochetes. The biological parameters of the pre-patent and patent period for this group were, 6 ? 0,83 and 5 ? 1,96 days, respectively. Group 2 and group 3 blood smears were negatives during the whole period under exam. About the clinical signs observed, since the sixth and seventh DAE, the fowls of group 1 presented: nibs bristle, pale crist, somnolence, inappetence, loss of weight and green diarrhoea wich were continuing until the 12? DAE coinciding with the end of the spirochetemia, after this, occured clinical evolution which self-cure. In agreement with the hematological evaluation results, the fowls exposed to infected ticks showed a normocytic normochromic anemia in eight DAE, leucocytosis with initial heterophilia and monocytosis in concomitance with the spirochetemia. After the patent period, eighteen DAE, a linphocytosis was detected. The present study confirmed the viability of the experimental transmission of B. anserina by infected ticks A. miniatus. Infected G. gallus with avian spirochetosis showed clinical alterations wich cursed in concomitance to the spirochetemia period, evoluting to selfcure, moreover hematological alterations compatible with the bacterial infection. / A Borreliose avi?ria ? uma doen?a septic?mica aguda, cosmopolita, que acomete diferentes esp?cies avi?rias, sendo causada por Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff, 1891). Esta espiroqueta pode ser encontrada no plasma sang??neo das aves infectadas durante os est?gios iniciais da doen?a. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar a transmiss?o experimental de B. anserina por carrapatos Argas miniatus infectados, observando o per?odo pr?-patente e per?odo de pat?ncia, e estudo comparativo das altera??es cl?nicas e hematol?gicas. Um total de 27 aves da esp?cie Gallus gallus foram divididas em tr?s grupos inteiramente casualizados contendo nove animais cada. Um grupo foi exposto a carrapatos infectados por B. anserina (grupo 1); outro a carrapatos livres deste agente (grupo 2); al?m de um grupo n?o exposto aos carrapatos (grupo 3). Realizaram-se esfrega?os sang??neos das aves, diariamente, a partir do primeiro dia em que as aves foram expostas aos carrapatos, at? o 25? dia ap?s a exposi??o (DPE). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas tr?s dias antes da exposi??o aos carrapatos, tr?s DPE, oito DPE e uma ?ltima 18 DPE para a realiza??o dos hemogramas. O exame dos esfrega?os das aves do grupo 1 revelou grande n?mero de espiroquetas. Os par?metros biol?gicos de per?odo pr?-patente e de per?odo de pat?ncia para este grupo foram, em dias, 6 ? 0,83 e 5 ? 1,96, respectivamente. Os esfrega?os sang??neos do grupo 2 e do grupo 3 mantiveram-se negativos durante todo o per?odo experimental. Em rela??o ?s manifesta??es cl?nicas observadas, a partir do sexto e s?timo DPE, as aves do grupo 1 apresentaram os seguintes sinais cl?nicos: penas arrepiadas, crista p?lida, sonol?ncia, perda do apetite, perda de peso e diarr?ia esverdeada. Estes sinais continuaram at? o 12? DPE, coincidindo com o t?rmino da espiroquetemia, em seguida houve evolu??o do quadro cl?nico para a cura das aves. De acordo com os resultados das avalia??es hematol?gicas, as aves expostas aos carrapatos infectados por B. anserina (grupo 1 apresentaram um quadro de anemia normoc?tica normocr?mica em oito DPE, leucocitose com heterofilia e monocitose iniciais que cursaram paralelamente com a espiroquetemia. Ap?s o per?odo de pat?ncia da infec??o, dezoito DPE, detectou-se uma linfocitose. O presente trabalho confirmou a viabilidade da transmiss?o de B. anserina em G. gallus experimentalmente infestados por A. miniatus. G. gallus infectados apresentaram altera??es cl?nicas que cursaram paralelamente ao per?odo de espiroquetemia, evoluindo para auto-cura, al?m de altera??es hematol?gicas compat?veis com infec??o bacteriana.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-03T13:49:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoDeSouzaArruda_DISSERT.pdf: 10252743 bytes, checksum: 13ba4780aafe9e605d95a0d7755595a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-07T14:58:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoDeSouzaArruda_DISSERT.pdf: 10252743 bytes, checksum: 13ba4780aafe9e605d95a0d7755595a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-07T14:58:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoDeSouzaArruda_DISSERT.pdf: 10252743 bytes, checksum: 13ba4780aafe9e605d95a0d7755595a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A avalia??o integrada de vulnerabilidade intr?nseca de um aqu?fero constitui uma ferramenta de suma import?ncia como subs?dio ao estabelecimento de pol?ticas p?blicas de preserva??o, prote??o e uso hidroambiental sustent?vel de um manancial subterr?neo. Nesse aspecto, o presente trabalho teve como escopo principal a elabora??o de mapeamentos de vulnerabilidade a partir de dados hidrogeof?sicos, objetivando a identifica??o e delimita??o de sub?reas com diferentes graus de prote??o associados com diferentes vulnerabilidades do Aqu?fero Barreiras, na ?rea do baixo curso do Rio Maxaranguape, nordeste do Brasil. Esses mapeamentos foram elaborados mediante as metodologias Condut?ncia El?trica Longitudinal, GOD (G - natureza do aqu?fero, O - litologia da zona n?o saturada, D - profundidade do n?vel d??gua) e do ?ndice de Vulnerabilidade do Aqu?fero (AVI), as quais s?o fundamentadas em par?metros litol?gicos, hidr?ulicos e geoel?tricos, al?m da espessura da zona n?o saturada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os dom?nios delimitados por ?ndices de vulnerabilidade s?o aproximadamente concordantes entre si. Em linhas gerais, as classes de vulnerabilidades moderada, alta a extremamente alta, abrangem quase a totalidade da ?rea, delineando tanto a faixa central como a por??o norte e sul da ?rea investigada, conforme valores inferiores a 1 do log c e 5 mS, nas metodologias AVI e de Condut?ncia Longitudinal, respectivamente; e magnitudes superiores a 0.4, segundo a metodologia GOD. Nesse sentido, a ?rea de estudo exibe substancial sensibilidade ? contamina??o de suas ?guas subterr?neas, decorrente essencialmente do cen?rio de ocorr?ncia de forma??es sedimentares de elevada permeabilidade e reduzidas profundidades do n?vel fre?tico, facilitando a percola??o de eventuais cargas contaminantes no sentido do aqu?fero. / The integrated assessment of an aquifer intrinsic vulnerability constitutes an extremely important tool as a subsidy to the establishment of public policies for the preservation, protection and sustainable hydro-environmental use of an underground water source. In this aspect, the main purpose of this work was the elaboration of vulnerability mappings based on hydrogeophysical data, aiming at the identification and delimitation of subareas with different degrees of protection associated with different vulnerabilities of the Barreiras Aquifer in the lower course area of the Maxaranguape River, Northeast of Brazil. These mappings were elaborated using the following methodologies such as Longitudinal Electrical Conductance, GOD (G ? groundwater hydraulic confinement; O ? overlaying strata; D ? depth to groundwater table) and Aquifer Vulnerability Indexes (AVI), which are based on lithological, hydraulic and geoelectric parameters, as well as the thickness of the unsaturated zone. The results show that the domains delimited by vulnerability indexes are approximately concordant with each other. In general terms, the moderate, high to extremely high vulnerability classes cover almost the entire area, delineating both the central and the northern and southern portions of the investigated area, according to values lower than 1 of log c and 5 mS, in the AVI and Longitudinal Conductance methodologies, respectively; and magnitudes higher than 0.4, according to the GOD methodology. Therefore, the study area exhibits a substantial susceptibility to the contamination of its groundwater, mainly due to the occurrence of sedimentary formations with high permeability and reduced depths of the water table, facilitating the percolation of possible contaminant loads towards the aquifer.

Avitourism (birding) in South Africa, with remarkable birdlife, provides economic, social and conservation opportunities. Globally, bird species are decreasing rapidly due to environmental degradation and climate change. The dependence of avitourism on natural resources is undisputable, urging further research. Avitourism research is embryonic compared to higher-order tourism markets (i.e. naturebased) and under-researched in the southern hemisphere. Despite increased international scholarship, substantial knowledge gaps remain regarding strategies to enhance sustainable avitourism. Education, encouraging changes in environmental behaviour, is essential to solve environmental problems. The current day learners influence the future state of the natural environment and consequently the sustainability of avitourism in South Africa. The research therefore aimed to develop a literacy model for sustainable avitourism aimed at secondary school learners in Gauteng (South Africa). In phase 1 of the methodological procedure, mechanisms facilitating behavioural change towards nature were explored. A conceptual literacy framework for sustainable avitourism was developed in phase 2 (theoretical contribution). Phase 3, consisted empirical research. Multi-stage sampling was used to collect primary data by distributing questionnaires at 17 purposively selected secondary schools in Gauteng from July to October 2014. The data were obtained from n = 5 488 secondary school learners (aged 13–17). Descriptive statistics provided insight into ‘environmental and avitourism literacy’ of the learners. Exploratory- and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA; CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed to test the conceptual literacy framework. Obtaining the primary objective, a literacy model for sustainable avitourism was developed and confirmed (empirical contribution). Critical paths were identified in the model to enhance the likelihood of behavioural change. The literacy model could be useful for environmental education and avitourism roleplayers, assisting in curriculum development and evaluation (practical contribution). This model could also be applied to other educational contexts, including art and music. Bird education teaches a love for birds and nature, leading to conservation and sustained birdlife, to ensure avitourism attractions in the future. The development of sustainable avitourism intervention programmes is suggested for further research. Longitudinal research could evaluate the effects of the intervention programmes.Ultimately, the learners of today are the responsible citizens and tourists of tomorrow. / Abstract in English, Sesotho and Afrikaans / Transport, Logistics and Tourism / D.Phil. (Management Studies)

Cette étude s’applique à démontrer comment la relation documentaire peut être mise à l’épreuve du pardon dans deux films mettant en scène des bourreaux. Comment est-il possible de concevoir un dispositif cinématographique éthique avec la participation d’anciens criminels ? C’est la question que se sont posée les cinéastes Avi Mograbi et Rithy Panh. L’objectif de cette recherche sera de relever comment le pardon intervient explicitement, mais aussi implicitement, dans la forme documentaire. Il s’agira de comprendre comment ces films, "Z32" et "S21 la machine de mort khmère rouge", s’élaborent socialement, politiquement et esthétiquement du tournage à la réception, afin de cerner le potentiel symbolique et performatif du pardon dans la reconstruction du lien avec autrui. / In this study we strive to show how the notion of relationship, conjured up by the documentary, is challenged by the act of forgiving in two films depicting executioners. Is it possible to conceive of a filmic project that would be at the same time ethical and include the participation of former criminals? Such is the question raised by the filmmakers Avi Mograbi and Rithy Panh. The purpose of our research will be to highlight instances where forgiveness unfolds, both explicitly and implicitly, in the documentary form. We will thus try to understand how the films "Z32" and "S21 la machine de mort khmère rouge" find a social, political and aesthetic existence, from shooting to reception. In this way the symbolic and performative potential of the act of forgiving will be revealed in its relation to the reconstruction of the bond with the other.

Cette étude s’applique à démontrer comment la relation documentaire peut être mise à l’épreuve du pardon dans deux films mettant en scène des bourreaux. Comment est-il possible de concevoir un dispositif cinématographique éthique avec la participation d’anciens criminels ? C’est la question que se sont posée les cinéastes Avi Mograbi et Rithy Panh. L’objectif de cette recherche sera de relever comment le pardon intervient explicitement, mais aussi implicitement, dans la forme documentaire. Il s’agira de comprendre comment ces films, "Z32" et "S21 la machine de mort khmère rouge", s’élaborent socialement, politiquement et esthétiquement du tournage à la réception, afin de cerner le potentiel symbolique et performatif du pardon dans la reconstruction du lien avec autrui. / In this study we strive to show how the notion of relationship, conjured up by the documentary, is challenged by the act of forgiving in two films depicting executioners. Is it possible to conceive of a filmic project that would be at the same time ethical and include the participation of former criminals? Such is the question raised by the filmmakers Avi Mograbi and Rithy Panh. The purpose of our research will be to highlight instances where forgiveness unfolds, both explicitly and implicitly, in the documentary form. We will thus try to understand how the films "Z32" and "S21 la machine de mort khmère rouge" find a social, political and aesthetic existence, from shooting to reception. In this way the symbolic and performative potential of the act of forgiving will be revealed in its relation to the reconstruction of the bond with the other.

Class I PI3Ks are a family (α, β, δ and γ) of ubiquitous lipid kinases that can be activated by cell surface receptors to 3-phosphorylate PI(4,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate) and generate the signalling lipid PI(3,4,5)P3. The PI(3,4,5)P3 signal then activates a diverse collection of effector proteins involved in regulation of cell migration, metabolism and growth. The importance of this network is evidenced by the relatively high frequency with which cancers acquire gain-of-function mutations in this pathway and huge efforts to make PI3K inhibitors to treat cancer. The canonical model describing these events suggests class I PI3Ks are activated at the plasma membrane and generate PI(3,4,5)P3 in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane where its effectors are activated. The PI(3,4,5)P3 signal can be terminated directly, by the tumour-suppressor and PI(3,4,5)P3-3-phosphatase PTEN, or modified to a distinct PI(3,4)P2 signal, by SHIP-family 5-phosphatases. The PI(3,4)P2 is removed by INPP4-family 4-phosphatases. Published work has shown that PI(3,4,5)P3 signalling can also occur in endosomes and nuclei, however, there is very little data defining the intracellular distribution of endogenous class I PI3Ks that supports these ideas; this is as a result of technical problems such as; their very low abundance, poor antibody-based tools and artefacts generated by overexpression of PI3Ks. Past work has indicated that, in PTEN-null mouse models of prostate tumour progression, either PI3Kβ or PI3Ks α and β, have important roles. Furthermore, the cell types and mechanism involved remained unclear. Recent published work in the host laboratory had indicated that there is an unexpectedly large accumulation of PI(3,4)P2 in PTEN-null cells that might be an important part of its status as a major tumour suppressor. The explanation and prevalence of this observation was unclear but potentially a result of PTEN also acting as a PI(3,4)P2 3-phosphatase in vivo. MEFs were derived from genetically-modified mice expressing endogenous, AviTagged class I PI3K subunits and used in experiments to define the subcellular localisation of class I PI3Ks. We found that following stimulation with PDGF, class IA PI3K subunits were unexpectedly depleted from the adherent basal membrane, in contrast, p85α and p110α, but not p85β and p110β, accumulated transiently in the nucleus. Interestingly, p110β, but none of the other subunits, was constitutively localised in the nucleus. These results support the idea that class I PI3K and PI(3,4,5)P3 signalling occurs in the nucleus. In organoids derived from WT, PI3Kγ-null or PTEN-null mouse prostate, application of PI3K-selective inhibitors revealed that PI3Kα had a dominant role in generating PI(3,4,5)P3 in prostate epithelial cells. The levels of PI(3,4)P2 were also elevated substantially in PTEN-null, compared to WT prostate organoids, use of PI3K-selective inhibitors suggested that it was also generated by PI3Kα. These data were consistent with the idea that PTEN can act as a PI(3,4)P2 3-phosphatase. Surprisingly, raising the pH of the organoids medium dramatically increased accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2, although the cause of this effect was unclear, we hypothesised the pH of the local environment may influence signalling via class I PI3Ks.

This thesis deals with library for recording video in the background of 3D application. A library is designed to work under the Microsoft Windows and Linux operation systems.  It records image and also sound. Image recording is supported in OpenGL, Direct3D9, Direct3D10 and Direct3D11. To reduce video data size, library supports image compression using MJPG codec. Audio is recorded by WaveForm audio, Windows Core Audio or ALSA. Recorded sound is for whole operation system. A library is able to record up to two audio streams to accommodate possible microphone input. It can mix audio data together if needed. Output data are then written into AVI file. It is possible to write own text information as overlay that is rendered as part of application screen output.