Cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities are causing substantial financial losses for governments and organizations all over the world. Cybersecurity criminals are stealing more than one billion dollars from banks every year by exploiting vulnerabilities caused by bank users' computer misuse. Cybersecurity breaches are threatening the common welfare of citizens since more and more terrorists are using cyberterrorism to target critical infrastructures (e.g., transportation, telecommunications, power, nuclear plants, water supply, banking) to coerce the targeted government and its people to accomplish their political objectives. Cyberwar is another major concern that nations around the world are struggling to get ready to fight. It has been found that intentional and unintentional users' misuse of information systems (IS) resources represents about 50% to 75% of cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities to organizations. Computer Crime and Security Survey revealed that nearly 60% of security breaches occurred from inside the organization by users. Computer users are one of the weakest links in the information systems security chain, because users seem to have very limited or no knowledge of user computer self-efficacy (CSE), cybersecurity countermeasures awareness (CCA), and cybersecurity skills (CS). Users' CSE, CCA, and CS play an important role in users' computer misuse intention (CMI). CMI can be categorized as unauthorized access, use, disruption, modification, disclosure, inspection, recording, or destruction of information system data. This dissertation used a survey to empirically assess users' CSE, CCA, CS, and computer misuse intention (CMI) at government agencies. This study used Partial Least Square (PLS) technique to measure the fit of a theoretical model that includes seven independent latent variables (CSE, UAS-P, UAS-T, UAC-M, CCS, CIS, & CAS) and their influences on the dependent variable CMI. Also, PLS was used to examine if the six control variables (age, gender, job function, education level, length of working in the organization, & military status such as veteran) had any significant impact on CMI. This study included data collected from 185 employees of a local and state transportation agency from a large metropolitan in the northeastern United States. Participants received an email invitation to take the Web-based survey. PLS was used to test the four research hypotheses. The results of the PLS model showed that UAC-M and CIS were significant contributors (p

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET)s are a key element of Intelligent Transport System (ITS)s. One of the challenges in VANETs is dealing with awareness and congestion due to the high amount of messages received from the vehicles in communication range. As VANETs are used in critical applications, congestion on the receiver side caused by the buffering of the packets is a safety hazard. In this thesis, we propose a stream-wise queuing system on the receiver side and show how it improves the timeliness of the messages received and main- tains the awareness of the system in a congestion situation.

The thesis focuses on menstrual cycle literacy of students at a selected primary school. The main focus of the thesis is primarily on the basic information on menstruation and how to clarify the topic to the chosen respondents. The aim of the paper is to determine the students' awareness regarding this topic, specify discrepancies and, if necessary, refute false information. The paper is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part covers terms menstruation, the historical context of the menstrual cycle, the anatomy of internal and external reproductive organs and characteristics of menstrual cycle disorders. The practical part contains an analysis of data gained by means of two survey and a plan of a lecture on menstruation. The gained data are summarized and compared in the conclusion. The analysis of the data obtained by means of two questionnaires shows a growing tendency in the number of correct answers. After the second submission, the rate of correct answrs grew from 50,5 % up to 77,6 %. The analysis proved that the awareness of this topic is almost similar throughout the classes involved. There were no significant differences among the students from the 6th and the 9th grade. There were 13 correct answers on average in the 6th grade. This number increasead up to 20...

The Phonic Inventories are an instrument consisting of three spelling tests. This study explored the potential of this instrument to be used in group administration to identify children with potential learning difficulties. This was done with a sample of full-time mainstream and full-time remedial learners. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to establish if the Phonic Inventories could distinguish the spelling error patterns of learners in different grades for mainstream and remedial. A distinct pattern of key errors was found, which was similar for mainstream and remedial learners. There were performance changes over grade for mainstream learners but not for remedial learners. This suggests the Phonic Inventories may be measuring an underlying spelling ability which progresses in normal learners and not remedial learners. A stepwise regression analysis was used to establish whether the Phonic Inventories predict performance on contrast spelling tests. A good degree of fit was found between the tests, suggesting the Phonic Inventories are measuring the same abilities as other spelling tests, with the advantage of providing additional information. Finally, a discriminant analysis found errors made on the Phonic Inventories to predict group affiliation between the mainstream and remedial group to a good degree. It was concluded that the Phonic Inventories have strong potential as a group administered screening instrument for identifying children with potential learning difficulties.

This thesis is aimed at finding out how aware final users at Karlstad Business School are of its CSR communication message. The study discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility by providing a background knowledge of the concept. CSR communication is defined and presented in this study as an ongoing process and presents prior knowledge on the concept. The chapter outlines UN Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals as a message which firms can utilize in communicating CSR.  A qualitative methodology was adopted in this study using semi – structured interviews of 12 respondents who were final users at Karlstad Business School. The respondents were varied between different programs at the business school. The study uses constructivism as philosophy such that meaning is co – constructed by the researcher and the respondents. The data is analyzed using coding. The findings from this study show that awareness is low and as such the users do not share an adequate meaning with that of Karlstad Business School. The findings also show that users with prior knowledge on sustainability mainly through course related sources demonstrate an intermediary level of awareness. Discussions mainly through seminars come out as a key message channel for the business school to communicate its CSR agenda. The implications of this study are in two phases; to the business school and to the users. The business school adopts UN Agenda 2030 as a message for CSR communication which is novel to CSR communication. The users at the business school have a task of engaging in CSR communication to other departments at the university.

O suicídio é um fenômeno complexo que constitui um grave problema de saúde pública, mobilizando estudos e programas de prevenção pelo mundo. O tabu impede que o suicídio seja tratado abertamente pela sociedade, ocasionando consequências negativas. O aumento da consciência é uma das maneiras de diminuí-lo. Partindo de grupos focais com sobreviventes enlutados pelo suicídio, objetivou-se compreender como o tabu, o estigma, a comunicação sobre o suicídio e a conscientização podem colaborar ou prejudicar a prevenção e a posvenção; com base nesses aspectos propomos procedimentos que possam aumentar a consciência sobre o assunto. Essa pesquisa, a partir da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD), apresenta reflexões e sugestões de atuação para a ampliação da consciência da problemática do suicídio. Por meio da análise dos dados, três grandes temas foram encontrados: a compreensão (condição), a conscientização (interação) e a ação (consequência) que integram a ideia central de que o suicídio deve ser um problema de todos. O aumento da consciência pode gerar aumento da demanda por atendimento qualificado, sendo que é tarefa essencial encontrar locais acessíveis e habilitados para atender pessoas com ideação, tentativa de suicídio e familiares enlutados. Aumentar a consciência pública não é só prevenir suicídio, mas também promover mudança de atitude; para muitos, o suicídio continua sendo ficção até acontecer. Campanhas constituem uma das várias formas de atuação, mas devem ter objetivos claros. O aumento da conscientização (awareness) juntamente com o desenvolvimento da competência (suicide literacy) e a promoção do diálogo compõem os pilares necessários para a tríade da mudança, que deve ser multifatorial, multissetorial e multidisciplinar. Foram apresentadas propostas envolvendo os 6Cs: Conscientização; Campanhas; Capacitação; Competência; Conversa e Conexão e as sugestões de intervenção foram separadas em: a) Conteúdo; b) Veículos para comunicação; c) Como; d) Quando; e) Por quem; f) Para quem; g) Provedores ou interessados; h) Desafios; i) Facilitadores; j) Outras ações. Essas propostas devem ser culturalmente adaptadas, planejadas e integradas com um plano abrangente de prevenção, sendo avaliadas por indicadores, além das taxas de mortalidade. Os colaboradores evidenciaram que ainda há muito tabu relacionado ao assunto, o que pode tornar-se um impeditivo para o cuidado e um multiplicador de estigmas e de preconceito, que estão em concordância com pesquisas internacionais sobre o tema. Além das propostas supracitadas, também sugerimos a utilização das caixas de medicamento como veículo para o aumento de consciência, o desenvolvimento dos grupos de apoio, o empoderamento das pessoas com a experiência vivida (lived experience), a criação de uma Associação Brasileira de Sobreviventes do Suicídio e de uma revista especializada no tema. Identificamos que aumentar a comunicação responsável, que faça sentido para as pessoas, tem importância fundamental para a sociedade e para aqueles que foram tocados por essa tragédia. No momento que a sociedade compreender e engajar-se em mudar esse fenômeno, novas estratégias de prevenção e de posvenção podem ser desenvolvidas / Suicide is a complex phenomenon that constitutes a serious public health problem, mobilizing studies and prevention programs around the world. The taboo prevents suicide from being openly treated by society, leading to negative consequences. Raising awareness is one way to reduce it. Starting from focus groups with suicide-bereaved survivors, the aim was to understand how taboo, stigma, suicide communication and awareness can collaborate or impair prevention and postvention; based on these aspects we propose procedures that can increase awareness on the subject. This research, based on the Grounded Theory (GT), presents reflections and suggestions for action to broaden the awareness of the problematic of suicide. Through the analysis of the data, three main themes were found: understanding (condition), awareness (interaction) and action (consequence) that integrate the central idea that suicide is everyone business. Increased awareness can generate increased demand for qualified care, and it is essential to find accessible and qualified places to assist people with ideation, suicide attempt and suicide loss survivors. Increasing public awareness is not only preventing suicide, but also promoting attitude change; for many, suicide remains fiction until it happens. Campaigns are one of several forms of action, but they must have clear objectives. Increasing awareness along with the development of the suicide literacy and the promotion of dialogue constitute the necessary pillars for the \"triad of change\", which must be multifactorial, multisectoral and multidisciplinary. Proposals were presented involving the 6Cs: Consciousness; Campaigns; Coaching; Competency; Conversation and Connectedness and the intervention suggestions were separated into: a) Content; b) Vehicles for communication; c) How; d) When; e) By whom; f) For whom; g) Providers or interested parties; h) Challenges; i) Facilitators; j) Other actions. These proposals should be culturally adapted, planned and integrated with a comprehensive prevention plan and evaluated by indicators, in addition to mortality rates. The collaborators showed that there is still a lot of taboo related to the subject, which can become an impediment to care and a multiplier of stigmas and prejudice, which are in agreement with international researches on the subject. In addition to the aforementioned proposals, we also suggest the use of medicine boxes as a vehicle for raising awareness, developing support groups, empowering people with lived experience, creating a Brazilian Suicide Survivors Association and a specialized journal in the subject. We have identified that increasing responsible communication, which makes sense to people, is of fundamental importance to society and to those who have been touched by this tragedy. The moment society understands and engages in changing this phenomenon, new strategies of prevention and of postvention can be developed

Thesis advisor: Pamela J. Grace / Background: As established in professional codes of ethics, critical care nurses must be equipped to provide good (ethical) patient care. This requires ethical awareness, which involves recognizing the ethical implications of all nursing actions (ranging from the mundane to the dilemmatic). Ethical awareness is imperative in successfully addressing patient needs, however, evidence suggests that the ethical import of everyday issues may often go unnoticed by nurses in practice. Assessing nurses’ ethical awareness is a necessary first step in preparing nurses to identify and manage ethical issues in the highly dynamic critical care environment. Purpose: To use Rasch principles to develop a psychometrically sound instrument to assess the nature and extent of critical care nurses’ ethical awareness in the context of everyday nursing practice, and to assess the success of scale development using a Rasch model. Method: An item bank representing nursing actions was developed (33 items). Content validity testing with nursing ethics experts (n = 5) was performed (CVI-I = 1). Eighteen items were selected for face validity testing with graduate nursing students (n = 7). After revisions, two full-scale pilot administrations were performed to run item analyses. Sample: Critical care nurses (n = 116) at a large academic teaching hospital in New England. Results: Pilot test analyses suggest sufficient item invariance across samples and sufficient construct validity. Final analyses demonstrate a progression of items uniformly along a hierarchical continuum; items that match respondent ability levels; response categories that are sufficiently used; a Principle Components Analysis demonstrating randomness of residuals, and adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.83). Mean ethical awareness scores were in the low/moderate range (M = 34.9/54; logit = -0.21). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the Ethical Awareness Scale (EAS) is a psychometrically sound, reliable, and valid measure of ethical awareness in critical care nurses. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

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by Pun Shiu Kau. / Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 92-98. / LIST OF TABLES --- p.i / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.iii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- THE PROBLEM --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Purpose of the Study --- p.3 / Significance of the Study --- p.3 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.4 / Cognition and Metacognition --- p.4 / Metalinguistic Awareness --- p.5 / Linguistic and metalinguistic awareness --- p.5 / Types of metalinguistic awareness --- p.6 / Metalinguistic awareness of cognitive development --- p.7 / Awareness in Speech Segmentation --- p.10 / Segmentation of speech sound --- p.10 / Development of segmental abilities --- p.11 / Perception of Speech Sounds --- p.14 / Acoustic-phonetic relationship --- p.14 / Perception of vowels --- p.15 / Perception of consonants --- p.15 / Categorical perception --- p.19 / Perceptual unit in speech perception --- p.20 / Perception of Written Language --- p.23 / Comparison between listening and speaking --- p.23 / Perceptual unit in reading --- p.24 / Writing Systems --- p.28 / Variety and universality of writing systems --- p.28 / Psychological characterization of orthographies --- p.30 / The psychology of reading Chinese --- p.35 / Phonemic Segmental Awareness and Reading Acquisition --- p.39 / Phenemic segmental awareness in relation to reading acquisition --- p.39 / Effect of phonemic segmental awareness on reading acquisition --- p.43 / Effect of literacy on phonemic segmental awareness --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHOD --- p.47 / Hypothesis --- p.47 / Subjects --- p.48 / Instruments --- p.49 / Research Design --- p.54 / Procedure --- p.59 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.62 / Academic Results --- p.62 / Intelligence --- p.64 / English Spelling-sound Proficiency --- p.64 / Chinese Task 1 ： Classifying Character Sounds --- p.65 / Chinese Task 2 ： Fanqie - Manipulation of Chinese Phonemes --- p.67 / Relations between Intelligence and Phonemic Segmental Awareness --- p.70 / Relations between English Spelling-sound Proficiency and Academic Results --- p.71 / Relations between Chinese Phonemic Awareness and Academic Results --- p.73 / Relations between English Spelling-sound Proficiency and Chinese Phonemic Awareness --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- "DISCUSSION, SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION" --- p.79 / Discussion --- p.79 / "Academic results, sex, intelligence and phonemic awareness" --- p.79 / Proficiency in English spelling-sound rules --- p.80 / Chinese phonemic segmental awareness --- p.81 / Relations between proficiency in English spelling-sound rules and academic results --- p.83 / Relations between Chinese phonemic segmental awareness and proficiency in English spelling-sound rules --- p.84 / Summary --- p.88 / Conclusion --- p.90 / REFERENCES --- p.92 / APPENDICES --- p.99

Chong-Fuk Lau. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-127). / Abstract --- p.3 / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1. --- The General Problem of Transcendental Philosophy --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2. --- The Concept of Method --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3. --- The Concept of Transcendental Method --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4. --- The Under-Thematized Problem --- p.20 / Chapter 2. --- Kant's Transcendental Method --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1. --- Negative Elucidation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- The Hypothetical Interpretation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- The Analytic Interpretation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2. --- Positive Elucidation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Illumination from the Doctrine of Method --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- Mathematical and Philosophical Method --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- The Guide of Possible Experience --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.1.3. --- The Criteria of Transcendental Method --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- The Structure of Self-Referentiality --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Kant's Program of Deduction --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2.4. --- The Problem of Reflection --- p.69 / Chapter 2.3. --- Transition to the Under-Thematized Problem --- p.71 / Chapter 3. --- The Problem of Self-Consciousness --- p.76 / Chapter 3.1. --- A Brief Review of the History of the Problem --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2. --- Kant's Explicit Doctrine of Self-Consciousness --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- The Doctrine of Inner Sense --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- The Criticism of Rational Psychology --- p.90 / Chapter 3.3. --- Approaching a Coherent Interpretation --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- The Apparent Conflict and the Clue to Its Solution --- p.95 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- The Concept of Consciousness in Self-Consciousness --- p.99 / Chapter 3.3.2.1. --- Consciousness versus Experience --- p.100 / Chapter 3.3.2.2. --- Consciousness versus Cognition --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- The Concept of Self in Self-Consciousness --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- The Problem of Reflection Revisited --- p.112 / Chapter 3.4. --- The Need of Further Exploration --- p.116 / Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.121 / Chapter 5. --- Bibliography --- p.123 / Chapter 5.1. --- Kant's Works in German Original --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2. --- English Translations and Abbreviations of Kant's Works --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3. --- English References --- p.124 / Chapter 5.4. --- Chinese References --- p.127 / Chapter 6. --- Indices --- p.128 / Chapter 6.1. --- Index of Names --- p.128 / Chapter 6.2. --- Index of Citations from Kant's Texts --- p.129