The aim of the master’s thesis is to design a condensing steam turbine based on given inputs. Firstly, a design and computation of heat balance is made, followed by thermodynamic calculation of steam turbine channel and a design of compensatory piston of axial forces. Last part of the thesis consists of a review of a change of cooling water temperature in condensator on last turbine stages. The structural drawing of longitudinal section of turbine is included as well.

Diploma thesis deals with problems of design a sludge pump with a vortex impeller. Clearly summarizes the basic information on hydrodynamic pumps with a significant focus on sludge pumps. It contains a design of a vortex impeller, which is supported by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) calculation in software Fluent. The aim of the work is to design vortex impeller, which could replace the existing channel impeller while maintaining the operating parameters of the pump.

The diploma thesis presents design of construction with FRP reinforcement. Including design process of cross-section with FRP reinforcement exposed to bending moment and shear force at ultimate limite state according to given standards and guidelines. Long term physical and mechanical properties of FRPs are taking into account. There are also compared load capacities of cross-section exposed to combination of bending moment and axial force, which were designed according to mentioned standards. In another part of diploma thesis there is a design of construction (precast gatehouse) with FRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement with ordinary and lightweight concerete.

<p>The first force and moment measurements were conducted in the BAM6QT. Three 7-degree half-angle sharp cones were tested, one with base radius of 4.5 in. and two with base radius of 3.5 in. made out of different materials. Models were tested at 0 and 2 degrees angle of attack. Models were tested over a range of burst pressures and Reynolds numbers. Models were fitted onto a strain gauge, 6 component, internal, moment balance. Multiple assemblies were tested that mounted the balance in the BAM6QT. High-speed schlieren video was used to monitor flow conditions and track the movement of the tunnel and model. Three entries were performed in the BAM6QT. The improvement in data quality with each new entry is shown and the startup and running loads from entry 3 are analyzed.</p> <p>Startup loads were measured and are of importance in determining the load range needed to operate in the BAM6QT. Large startup loads up to 40X the running load were identified. Tunnel movement was measured and was used to approximate the inertial loading during startup and the run. The inertial loading was not found to be the cause of the large startup loads. Schlieren video was used to qualitatively review the startup flow. It was found the large startup loads in axial force were plausibly from the high-pressure subsonic flow evacuating the nozzle. For normal force and pitching moment, the startup loads peak at a different time than axial force and appear to be from a shock-shock interaction nearby the model. Trends in startup load with changing model geometry, AoA, and burst pressure were put together to form an empirical estimation for startup loads sharp cones. </p> <p>Running loads were profiled and found to be trending with burst pressure and model geometry similarly to Newtonian flow theory predictions. However, due to the lack of a base pressure measurement, the results are uncorrected for sting effects and differ from Newtonian flow theory by a scalar. A 5.3 Hz oscillation in axial force was identified. The frequency of the oscillation is the same as the frequency of the quasi-steady flow periods caused by the reflection of the expansion fan in the driver tube. Normal force during the running load was found to be measuring positive loads when at 0 degrees angle of attack. Both the axial and normal force phenomena were unexpected and were investigated but both require further research. </p> <p><br></p> <p><br></p> <p><br></p> <p><br></p>

Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit analytischen, numerischen und experimentellen Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum Füge- und zum Übertragungsverhalten einer reibformschlüssigen Stahl-Aluminium-Rändelpressverbindung. Die Besonderheit dieser Verbindung besteht darin, dass eine mit einer Rändelung und Übermaß versehene harte Stahlwelle in eine weiche Aluminiumnabe mit kreisrunder Bohrung längseingepresst wird. Die maßgebende Größe für den Fügevorgang ist der Fasenwinkel der Welle φ. Der Nabenwerkstoff wird hierbei in Abhängigkeit des Fasenwinkels der Welle φ umgeformt beziehungsweise herausgeschnitten. Mit Hilfe der relativen Festigkeit R F , welche das Verhältnis von maximaler Lösekraft F l, max zu maximaler Fügekraft F f, max repräsentiert, wurde ein Gütekennwert zur gezielten Auswahl von Stahl-Aluminium-Rändelpressverbindungen hinsichtlich der axialen Übertragungsfähigkeit abgeleitet. Die Charakterisierung der experimentell ermittelten Torsionsmoment - Verdrehwinkel - Kurven ergab zur Auslegung die Bereiche Auslegungs- und Versagenskriterium. Das maximal übertragbare Torsionsmoment wird beim sogenannten Versagenskriterium τ S durch das Abscheren der Rändel in der Nabe erreicht. In Analogie zum Füge- und zum Löseverhalten zeigt sich der positive Einfluss des Fasenwinkels φ auf das übertragbare Torsionsmoment. So können formend gefügte Stahl-Aluminium- Rändelpressverbindungen ein um bis zu ca. 40% größeres statisches Torsionsmoment als vergleichbare schneidend gefügte Rändelpressverbindungen übertragen. Das mechanisch-physikalische Berechnungsmodell zur Berechnung des statisch übertragbarenTorsionsmomentes basiert auf der Kerbzahnverbindung. Damit kann das Torsionsmoment am Auslegungskriterium T pF sowie das maximal übertragbare Torsionsmoment bei Abscherung Tτ S ermittelt werden. Die Berücksichtigung des formenden beziehungsweise schneidenden Fügevorgangs wird in Abhängigkeit des Fasenwinkels φ mit Hilfe des sogenannten winkelbasierten Umformgrades ε plRPV beschrieben. / The present thesis provides analytical, numerical and experimental fundamental studies for the joining behaviour and the transmission behaviour of a friction and form closure steel-aluminum knurled interference fit. The special feature of this connection is a knurled and oversize hard steel shaft, longitudinally pressed in a soft aluminum hub with a circular bore. The most important parameter for the joining process is the shaft chamfer angle φ. Due to the shaft chamfer angle φ the material of the hub will be formed or cutted during the joining process. By using the relative strength, the quotient of push out force and joining force who describes the joint strength, a first quality parameter for a precise selection of steel-aluminum knurled interference fit has been derived. The description of the experimentally determined torque - twisting angle – curves has shown areas of design criterion and mechanical breakdown. The maximum transmittable torque is achieved by reaching the shearing stress of the knurls in the hub - mechanical breakdown τ S. Similar to the joining and the push out behaviour, the positive influence of the shaft chamfer angle φ is also shown at the transmittable torque. Furthermore, knurled interference fits joined by forming can transmit higher torques of about 40% than interference fits joined by cutting due to the material hardening. The mechanical-physical model for calculating the static transmittable torque is based on the serration connection. Thus, the torque at the design criterion and the maximum transmittable torque at the mechanical breakdown can be found. The consideration of the forming or cutting joining process is described as a function of the shaft chamfer angle φ using the so-called angle-based plastic strain ε plRPV.

No description available.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Usualmente, o projeto de pórticos em estruturas de aço assume que as ligações viga-coluna são rígidas ou flexíveis. As ligações rígidas, onde não ocorre nenhuma rotação entre os membros conectados, transferem não só momento fletor, mas também força cortante e força normal. Por outro lado, as ligações flexíveis são caracterizadas pela liberdade de rotação entre os membros conectados impedindo a transmissão de momento fletor. Sabe-se que a grande maioria das ligações não possuem este comportamento idealizado. Na realidade, a maioria das ligações transfere algum momento fletor com um nível de rotação associado. Estas ligações são denominadas semi-rígidas e seu dimensionamento deve ser executado de acordo com este comportamento estrutural. Contudo, algumas ligações viga-coluna estão sujeitas a uma combinação de momento fletor (M) e força axial (N). O nível de esforço normal pode ser significativo, principalmente em ligações de pórticos metálicos com vigas inclinadas, em pórticos não- contraventados ou em pórticos com pavimentos incompletos. As normas atuais de dimensionamento de ligações estruturais em aço não consideram a presença de esforço normal (tração e/ou compressão) nas ligações. Uma limitação empírica de 5% da resistência plástica da viga é a única condição imposta no Eurocode 3. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise paramétrica de dois tipos de ligações aparafusadas para se avaliar a influência de combinações M/N no comportamento global destas ligações. Para se cumprir este objetivo, os resultados experimentais de quinze ensaios realizados por Lima [1] são comparados com os resultados obtidos através de um modelo analítico proposto por Cerfontaine [2], [3]. / Traditionally, the steel portal frame design assumes that beam-to-column joints are rigidor pinned. Rigid joints, where no relative rotations occur between the connected members, transfer not only substantial bending moments, but also shear and axial forces. On the other extreme, pinned joints, are characterised by almost free rotation movement between the connected elements that prevents the transmission of bending moments. Despite these facts, it is largely recognised that the great majority of joints does not exhibit such idealised behaviour. In fact, many joints transfer some bending moments with associated rotations. These joints are called semi-rigid, and their design should be performed according to their real structural behaviour. However, some steel beam-to-column joints are often subjected to a combination of bending (M) and axial forces (N). The level of axial forces in the joint may be significant, typical of pitched-roof portal frames, sway frames or frames with incomplete floors. Current standard for steel joints do not take into account the presence of axial forces (tension and/or compression) in the joints. A single empirical limitation of 5% of the beams plastic axial capacity is the only enforced provision in Eurocode 3. The objective of the present work is to perform a parametrical analysis of two bolted joints types in order to evaluate the influence of M/N combinations in the joints global response. To fulfil this objective, the experimental results obtained by Lima [1] are compared to the analytical results using the Cerfontaine analytical model [2], [3].

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Usualmente, o projeto de pórticos em estruturas de aço assume que as ligações viga-coluna são rígidas ou flexíveis. As ligações rígidas, onde não ocorre nenhuma rotação entre os membros conectados, transferem não só momento fletor, mas também força cortante e força normal. Por outro lado, as ligações flexíveis são caracterizadas pela liberdade de rotação entre os membros conectados impedindo a transmissão de momento fletor. Sabe-se que a grande maioria das ligações não possuem este comportamento idealizado. Na realidade, a maioria das ligações transfere algum momento fletor com um nível de rotação associado. Estas ligações são denominadas semi-rígidas e seu dimensionamento deve ser executado de acordo com este comportamento estrutural. Contudo, algumas ligações viga-coluna estão sujeitas a uma combinação de momento fletor (M) e força axial (N). O nível de esforço normal pode ser significativo, principalmente em ligações de pórticos metálicos com vigas inclinadas, em pórticos não- contraventados ou em pórticos com pavimentos incompletos. As normas atuais de dimensionamento de ligações estruturais em aço não consideram a presença de esforço normal (tração e/ou compressão) nas ligações. Uma limitação empírica de 5% da resistência plástica da viga é a única condição imposta no Eurocode 3. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise paramétrica de dois tipos de ligações aparafusadas para se avaliar a influência de combinações M/N no comportamento global destas ligações. Para se cumprir este objetivo, os resultados experimentais de quinze ensaios realizados por Lima [1] são comparados com os resultados obtidos através de um modelo analítico proposto por Cerfontaine [2], [3]. / Traditionally, the steel portal frame design assumes that beam-to-column joints are rigidor pinned. Rigid joints, where no relative rotations occur between the connected members, transfer not only substantial bending moments, but also shear and axial forces. On the other extreme, pinned joints, are characterised by almost free rotation movement between the connected elements that prevents the transmission of bending moments. Despite these facts, it is largely recognised that the great majority of joints does not exhibit such idealised behaviour. In fact, many joints transfer some bending moments with associated rotations. These joints are called semi-rigid, and their design should be performed according to their real structural behaviour. However, some steel beam-to-column joints are often subjected to a combination of bending (M) and axial forces (N). The level of axial forces in the joint may be significant, typical of pitched-roof portal frames, sway frames or frames with incomplete floors. Current standard for steel joints do not take into account the presence of axial forces (tension and/or compression) in the joints. A single empirical limitation of 5% of the beams plastic axial capacity is the only enforced provision in Eurocode 3. The objective of the present work is to perform a parametrical analysis of two bolted joints types in order to evaluate the influence of M/N combinations in the joints global response. To fulfil this objective, the experimental results obtained by Lima [1] are compared to the analytical results using the Cerfontaine analytical model [2], [3].

This diploma thesis deals with the project of the structure of ferroconcrete multi-storey building. Selected parts for assessment are point-supported slab over the 1st floor, inside column, external and internal wall in the 1st floor. Finite Element Method in software Dlubal RFEM 5.23 was selected for the analysis. Another part of the thesis is the project of dimensions of foundations that are dealt with as deep foundations in accordance with engineering-geological survey.

Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit analytischen, numerischen und experimentellen Grundlagenuntersuchungen zum Füge- und zum Übertragungsverhalten einer reibformschlüssigen Stahl-Aluminium-Rändelpressverbindung. Die Besonderheit dieser Verbindung besteht darin, dass eine mit einer Rändelung und Übermaß versehene harte Stahlwelle in eine weiche Aluminiumnabe mit kreisrunder Bohrung längseingepresst wird. Die maßgebende Größe für den Fügevorgang ist der Fasenwinkel der Welle φ. Der Nabenwerkstoff wird hierbei in Abhängigkeit des Fasenwinkels der Welle φ umgeformt beziehungsweise herausgeschnitten. Mit Hilfe der relativen Festigkeit R F , welche das Verhältnis von maximaler Lösekraft F l, max zu maximaler Fügekraft F f, max repräsentiert, wurde ein Gütekennwert zur gezielten Auswahl von Stahl-Aluminium-Rändelpressverbindungen hinsichtlich der axialen Übertragungsfähigkeit abgeleitet. Die Charakterisierung der experimentell ermittelten Torsionsmoment - Verdrehwinkel - Kurven ergab zur Auslegung die Bereiche Auslegungs- und Versagenskriterium. Das maximal übertragbare Torsionsmoment wird beim sogenannten Versagenskriterium τ S durch das Abscheren der Rändel in der Nabe erreicht. In Analogie zum Füge- und zum Löseverhalten zeigt sich der positive Einfluss des Fasenwinkels φ auf das übertragbare Torsionsmoment. So können formend gefügte Stahl-Aluminium- Rändelpressverbindungen ein um bis zu ca. 40% größeres statisches Torsionsmoment als vergleichbare schneidend gefügte Rändelpressverbindungen übertragen. Das mechanisch-physikalische Berechnungsmodell zur Berechnung des statisch übertragbarenTorsionsmomentes basiert auf der Kerbzahnverbindung. Damit kann das Torsionsmoment am Auslegungskriterium T pF sowie das maximal übertragbare Torsionsmoment bei Abscherung Tτ S ermittelt werden. Die Berücksichtigung des formenden beziehungsweise schneidenden Fügevorgangs wird in Abhängigkeit des Fasenwinkels φ mit Hilfe des sogenannten winkelbasierten Umformgrades ε plRPV beschrieben. / The present thesis provides analytical, numerical and experimental fundamental studies for the joining behaviour and the transmission behaviour of a friction and form closure steel-aluminum knurled interference fit. The special feature of this connection is a knurled and oversize hard steel shaft, longitudinally pressed in a soft aluminum hub with a circular bore. The most important parameter for the joining process is the shaft chamfer angle φ. Due to the shaft chamfer angle φ the material of the hub will be formed or cutted during the joining process. By using the relative strength, the quotient of push out force and joining force who describes the joint strength, a first quality parameter for a precise selection of steel-aluminum knurled interference fit has been derived. The description of the experimentally determined torque - twisting angle – curves has shown areas of design criterion and mechanical breakdown. The maximum transmittable torque is achieved by reaching the shearing stress of the knurls in the hub - mechanical breakdown τ S. Similar to the joining and the push out behaviour, the positive influence of the shaft chamfer angle φ is also shown at the transmittable torque. Furthermore, knurled interference fits joined by forming can transmit higher torques of about 40% than interference fits joined by cutting due to the material hardening. The mechanical-physical model for calculating the static transmittable torque is based on the serration connection. Thus, the torque at the design criterion and the maximum transmittable torque at the mechanical breakdown can be found. The consideration of the forming or cutting joining process is described as a function of the shaft chamfer angle φ using the so-called angle-based plastic strain ε plRPV.