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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Type-2-diabetes (T2D) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction leading to persistent hyperglycemia. It is a multisystem disease that causes deterioration of multiple organ systems and obesity. Of interest, T2D affects the urinary system and is the leading cause of kidney disease. Both T2D and chronic kidney negatively impacts the skeletal system and increases fracture incidence in patients. Therefore, it is important to establish an animal model that captures the complex multiorgan effects that is common in T2D. In this study, we characterized the metabolic phenotype of the KK/Ay mouse model, a polygenic mutation model of T2D. We concluded that KK/Ay mice closely mimic T2D and are hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. KK/Ay mice have also had worsened kidney function as supported by elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, phosphorous, creatinine, and calcium in plasma exhibiting the kidney’s inefficiency in clearing waste from the body. Even though we were able to confirm a metabolic phenotype for T2D and diabetic nephropathy, the skeletal effects of the disease were minimal and major differences in bone physiology were driven by sex differences. This study offered valuable insight into preliminary endpoints for the KK/Ay mouse mode that will decide the direction for future use of this model. We plan to use older mice in future studies to allow a longer time for skeletal effects to more prominently manifest.

<p> </p> <p>Type-2-diabetes (T2D) is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction leading to persistent hyperglycemia. It is a multisystem disease that causes deterioration of multiple organ systems and obesity. Of interest, T2D affects the urinary system and is the leading cause of kidney disease. Both T2D and chronic kidney negatively impacts the skeletal system and increases fracture incidence in patients. Therefore, it is important to establish an animal model that captures the complex multiorgan effects that is common in T2D. In this study, we characterized the metabolic phenotype of the KK/Ay mouse model, a polygenic mutation model of T2D. We concluded that KK/Ay mice closely mimic T2D and are hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. KK/Ay mice have also had worsened kidney function as supported by elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, phosphorous, creatinine, and calcium in plasma exhibiting the kidney’s inefficiency in clearing waste from the body. Even though we were able to confirm a metabolic phenotype for T2D and diabetic nephropathy, the skeletal effects of the disease were minimal and major differences in bone physiology were driven by sex differences. This study offered valuable insight into preliminary endpoints for the KK/Ay mouse mode that will decide the direction for future use of this model. We plan to use older mice in future studies to allow a longer time for skeletal effects to more prominently manifest.</p>

The khanka or monastic mosque, was first established in Cairo by Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, in 1171. Prior to this time, residents of the khanka, better known as Sufis - the ascetics of Islam were a group of mobile mystics who travelled widely seeking knowledge and truth of divinity and creation. It was during the Mamluk period (1250-1517) however, that the khanka gained popularity. It was normally constructed as part of a larger complex which housed other pious functions. It became commonplace among Mamluk sultans to attach their mausoleums to these khanka complexes, thus giving the khanka ultimate social and religious significance.Due to this significance, khankas, were among the first building types to face destruction upon the downfall of Mamluk rule. Unfortunatley, the deterioration of the khanka, institution has continued to this present day. In fact the khanka, institution and its architecture are slowly disappearing.In an effort to help preserve the vanishing architecture of the khanka institution, the khanka, of Sultan Al-Ashraf Barsbay, one of great architectural significance, was selected for the topic of this thesis. A reconstruction and restoration proposal is presented following complete historical, social and arcitectural research and documentaion. This proposal is based on a research methodology established for application to this and other historical buildings which may be approached for documentation and analysis.The reconstruction of the missing portions of the complex is important for the preservation of an almost extinct building type. The Khanka of Al-Ashraf Barsbay presents an interesting challenge in several repects: understanding the elements of Mamluk architecture as a distinct building style, identifying elements of islamic architecture, and finally applying this knowledge of architecture to the process of reconstruction within the framework of national and international preservation standards. / Department of Architecture

<p>La novela histórica en los últimos años ha experimentado algunos cambios en su estética, pero aún conserva la capacidad de generar interés, sobre todo cuando trata de temas relacionados a la historia que es poco conocida o cuando se trate de reivindicar a algún personaje histórico, esto no es ajeno a la literatura latinoamericana actual. El presente trabajo estudia dos novelas históricas que tratan sobre un mismo personaje, Inés Suárez. Las novelas son Inés del alma mía y Ay mama Inés de Isabel Allende y Jorge Guzmán respectivamente. Es una comparación entre las dos novelas y la manera que ha tenido cada una de presentarnos a la figura de Inés Suárez en la historia de la fundación de Santiago de Chile.</p>

Ventilation problems raised with the beginning of underground mining. In underground mining, to provide safe and healthy working conditions, ventilation should be designed properly. Especially in the planning stage of the project, to design ventilation properly is very important. The latest upgrade of the popular ventilation simulation program, known as VnetPC 2000, has been applied for the ventilation design. In this study simulation is conducted to both auxiliary and main ventilation at &Ccedil / ayirhan G Field. Information describing the geometry of a ventilation network, airway characteristics and locations, characteristics of different fans were prepared as an input. The output includes predicted airflows, frictional pressure drops, air power, losses in airway and fan operating points for different trials. After different trials it has been found that for auxiliary ventilation, where minimum required amount of air is 6 m3/s, ENGART, 30A 40SCV/60HR model fan which is the most economical one was selected. For main ventilation system, 5 fans which provide airflow more than minimum requirement were chosen. Among them the most economical one, that is ALPHAIR-5400VAX2100 HB, was selected for the mine.

La novela histórica en los últimos años ha experimentado algunos cambios en su estética, pero aún conserva la capacidad de generar interés, sobre todo cuando trata de temas relacionados a la historia que es poco conocida o cuando se trate de reivindicar a algún personaje histórico, esto no es ajeno a la literatura latinoamericana actual. El presente trabajo estudia dos novelas históricas que tratan sobre un mismo personaje, Inés Suárez. Las novelas son Inés del alma mía y Ay mama Inés de Isabel Allende y Jorge Guzmán respectivamente. Es una comparación entre las dos novelas y la manera que ha tenido cada una de presentarnos a la figura de Inés Suárez en la historia de la fundación de Santiago de Chile.

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My thesis serves two purposes: First, my research addresses what I have come to recognize as colonial misunderstandings of nuu-chah-nulth ha'wiih. My research and writing invoke new ways of thinking about nuu-chah-nulth people, leaders and knowledge. I accomplish this by writing conversationally and by including unedited interviews and poetry. All of which require readers to consider my research outside of their usual perspective. Second, my research responds to a cultural need to archive important family knowledge while providing the opportunity to define, for outsiders, who we are. The interviews archive, in part, the knowledge and teachings of a cha-cha-tsi-us-aht ha'wilth. My analysis of this information shows that while my family’s knowledge comes from a common source. We all interpret that knowledge in our own way. My research is important academically and politically because of its ability to convey knowledge that has not been simplified, appropriated or colonized for public consumption.