Erik Butler’s predicates for vampirism apply in some degree to Nathaniel Hawthorne’s male protagonists who skulk in the margins of “The Birthmark,” The Scarlet Letter, and “The Minister’s Black Veil.” As metaphoric vampires who seek weak prey in order to manipulate power structures, these monomaniacal parasites assume paternalistic positions in order to control and manipulate their victims, and they disguise their exploitive and egotistic sides with idealistic and altruistic passions for science and religion. This thesis explores how Hawthorne’s protagonists’ corrupt and consuming spirits echo traditional vampiristic characteristics.

Avant 2002, l’Outaouais urbain était composé de cinq municipalités autonomes. Or, le gouvernement du Québec a imposé la fusion de plusieurs municipalités faisant partie d’agglomérations urbaines en adoptant le projet de loi 170. En Outaouais, les villes d’Aylmer, Buckingham, Gatineau, Hull et Masson-Angers ont été regroupées pour ne former qu’une seule entité, la Ville de Gatineau. Cette recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment les identités territoriales des citoyens qui ont vécu ce changement ont pu être influencées par la modification de la structure du territoire sur lequel se déroule une grande partie de leurs interactions sociales au quotidien. Les réponses fournies par 152 participants d’Aylmer et de Masson par l’entremise d’une enquête par questionnaire nous ont permis de dresser un portrait intéressant du point de vue des citoyens qui habitent deux secteurs périphériques de la ville de Gatineau. Somme toute, nous avons pu constater que les citoyens qui ont connu la fusion municipale ne s’identifient pas fortement à la nouvelle ville et qu’ils demeurent ancrés à leur ancienne municipalité.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-30T11:43:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Andrade da Cruz.pdf: 2363690 bytes, checksum: 6e3f1554dbccc52ab3eb3c9c79ef1b3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-30T11:43:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Andrade da Cruz.pdf: 2363690 bytes, checksum: 6e3f1554dbccc52ab3eb3c9c79ef1b3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the beginning of the 20th century, England was the stage for an intense debate on the mechanisms of inheritance and their relationship with evolution. To the biologists known as gradualists it was impossible to reconcile Mendelian genetics with Darwinian thought. In turn, advocates of saltationism admitted Mendelian inheritance, but put the foundations of evolution theory into question. This opposition defines the context for the work of Ronald Fisher, who through the use of statistics was able to bridge the gap between the contending positions and thus contributed to the formulation of so-called evolutionary synthesis or Neodarwinism. However, the literature often passes over the fact that the background for the debate and formulation of evolutionary synthesis was provided by eugenics, namely, the science that sought to improve humankind through the control of reproduction. To be sure, eugenics called the attention of Fisher since his youth, and in time he became one of its main developers and advocates. A large part of the theoretical-conceptual grounds of contemporary statistics and population genetics was formulated as a function of Fisher’s concerns with the phenomenon he called differential fertility. According to him, the higher reproduction rates of ‘inadequate’ people by comparison to the ‘best stocks’ was the main cause of the problems humankind had to deal with all along history and also in his time / No início do século XX ocorreram na Inglaterra intensos debates sobre os mecanismos de hereditariedade e suas vinculações com o darwinismo. Uma corrente de biólogos, denominada gradualista, hesitava em aceitar os preceitos mendelianos. Segundo esses não havia composição entre a genética mendeliana e o darwinismo. Por sua vez, a corrente denominada saltacionista, aceitava a genética mendeliana, porém questionava os fundamentos darwinistas de evolução. É nesse contexto que o trabalho de Ronald Fisher se destaca. Ele é considerado um dos principais responsáveis pela formulação da síntese neodarwiniana, ao utilizar a estatística como conciliadora de ambas as correntes. Como pano de fundo das formulações de Fisher e de vários outros naturalistas do período, entretanto, estava a eugenia: a ciência do melhoramento da espécie humana a partir do controle da reprodução. Desde muito jovem as ideias eugênicas chamaram a atenção de Fisher – que se tornou um de seus grandes formuladores e defensores. Grande parte da formulação teórico-conceitual da estatística e da genética de populações foi elaborada sob a preocupação com o fenômeno que Fisher denominou de fertilidade diferencial. Para ele, as maiores taxas de reprodução dos “inadequados” em comparação às ‘melhores linhagens’ humanas era a maior causa dos problemas que a humanidade enfrenta e enfrentou ao longo de toda a história