Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-229). / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / vi, 229 leaves, bound 29 cm

TIlis study, covering a period of eight months, was undertaken to determine if measurable changes in characteristics occur in sea water passing over a shallow coral reef. The parameters studied include salinity, temperature, current velocities, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic and suspended inorganic carbon. Staining and microscopic observations were made to supplement the other data. The results showed noticeable increases in oxygen, pH, particulate organic and inorganic carbon abundance in the central portion of the reef, which were attributed to the influence of extensive growths of benthic algae found on the seaward edge. Dissolved organic carbon concentration increased gradually across the reef, and there is evidence that inorganic carbonate is being accumulated on the leeward side of the reef. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves [53]-55.

In Hawaii, abundance of the scleractinian Fungia scutaria is thought to have been in decline in recent years due to disturbances to Kaneohe Bay, where an unusually dense population exists. This study examines factors that could limit population growth in this coral. Sexual reproduction occurred throughout the summer. Experimental data from sperm dilution studies suggested that eggs must be released within 2m of a spawning male for successful fertilization to occur. Field surveys indicated that many patch reefs exhibited high enough densities to yield successful fertilization. However, since field surveys found that only a small percentage (1 %) of juvenile corals (5 cm in length) resulted from settled larvae, post-fertilization processes may be limiting successful recruitment. Asexual reproduction appears to be dominant, with 70% of corals occurring in close aggregations, and 93% of these in aggregations made up of a single color-morph. / Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44). / vi, 44 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cm

This thesis is concerned with the ways Imperialism (and consequently colonialism) has pervaded the indigenous �primitive� world. Protectorates and �the colonies� reflected imperialist ideals, expansion, territory, external revenue and power. Missionaries were the footmen of colonial policy. The relations forged between these evangelists and the indigene have been thoroughly studied and scrutinised. However, reported interaction has been about missionaries and the �native�, with less about that between the indigenes, individual and tribe, elder and young. The thesis intends to redress this imbalance in the Bay of Islands from 1814 to 1834. The following work is an examination of a process of social change in Aotearoa. In the early 19th century the physical, spiritual and intellectual contact made between Maori peoples and the European explorers, scientists, and missionaries involved a deliberate cultural entanglement. It is the processes of acculturation, assimilation, or simply misunderstanding that are of interest. The study will have several foci involving the reaction of peoples of the Bay of Islands to the missionary institution of religious education. Chapter One addresses the theoretical location of the peoples that interacted in the Bay, while the second chapter is a brief description of a Maori coastal society prior to the arrival of literate missionaries. Chapter Three is about the cultural and social engagements of Ruatara, Marsden, Kendall and Hongi. The final chapter is a biographical exploration in the life of Rawiri Tawhanga and his interactions with missionaries and Maori of the Bay. Fundamentally it is the indigenous interaction during the initial periods of external European contact and, therefore, the effects of internal societal change that the author wishes to examine.

Written in memory of the first women convicts transported to Botany Bay, this unthinkable history, a concept posed by the historian, Paul Carter, is an experiment in extending the boundaries of academic remembering, so that the complex lives of those resilient women might be given recognition. Researching the women??s lives required an ethnographic method, or ??spatialized?? history, based on original archival research, together with research of rituals, art, literature, newspapers and music; and, importantly, the laws which circumscribed their behaviour. A research focus was thus the administration of criminal codes and the character of prominent judges, including the significance of the Recorder of London. Theories of history based on the work of philosophers such as Heidegger, Deleuze, Guattari, Derrida, Foucault and the ethical philosopher, Wyschogrod, with her feminist perspective, have influenced narrative themes and tropes. This experimental hybridization of historical methods and the poetics of fiction might be classified as ficto-critical historiography, where ficto-critical functions as an epithet, not a polarity, as is the case with ficto-historiography and the coinage, faction. As a meditation on the ??maybe?? of historiography, the experiment enters the debates about the relationship between history and fiction and the significance of remembering. The incompleteness of records, their silences and partialities, the forensic reading required to contextualize them, the perspective from which the narrative is told, together with the metaphorical levels of all writing, are explicitly acknowledged. Fundamental to that acknowledgement is the narrative trope of simulacra. The narrative figures are thus copies without originals; they are an acknowledgement of the absence which haunts memories, while avoiding scepticism or relativity. The semi-omniscient, intrusive voice of the narrator, the dialogic placement of other ??voices??, variously contrary, affirmative, informative or philosophical; together with the acknowledged artifice of narrative dramatizations in which the figures are assembled from multiple sources, are important elements in the grammar of this transgressive act of remembering with its footnotes and phantoms.

Coastal ecosystems continue to come under increasing pressure from human activities and the input of anthropogenic substances. This is being realised in a number of areas where eutrophic conditions begin to dominate and phenomena such as toxic algal blooms increase in frequency. Amidst this situation there is a growing need to understand how ecosystem components such as benthic fauna might respond to these conditions and how we might better use some of these components as indicators of ecosystem perturbation. In this context the current study examines the distribution and abundance of sediment meiofauna in seagrass beds at two different locations in Moreton Bay estuary. This ecosystem presently receives significant anthropogenic inputs from the Brisbane River and other sources draining the greater Brisbane catchment and adjoining areas. The main aims of the study were to characterise the distribution and abundance of meiofauna in these sediments and to also examine some of the main factors influencing these features. Also, it was intended that on examination be made of the influence that blooms of the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula might have on meiofauna abundance and distribution in these areas. Blooms of this alga are an increasing feature of the Moreton Bay estuary and potentially represent a strong influence on a range of habitats and organisms within the ecosystem. In considering the physico-chemical aspects influencing meiofauna, sediment grain size and nutrient levels were shown to have some effect on distribution and abundance although this varied between species and location. Further, the grain size of the sediment and the total organic carbon did not change significantly between bloom and non-bloom periods and but total nitrogen and C/N ratio did show a change. In regard to the observed effects of the L. majuscula blooms, a negative impact was observed on copepod and nematode abundance and distribution. In both cases their abundance was considerably smaller during the bloom period. Notably, polychaetes showed no effect from the bloom?s occurrence. The results also indicate that during the bloom the meiofauna were distributing shallower in the sediment, probably due to the hypoxic conditions that the bloom may have created. Moreover, the impact of the bloom was more pronounced in the smaller size classes for the meiofauna and suggests that these classes are more sensitive to the conditions generated by the deposited bloom material. Under Multiple Regression Analysis nematodes and polychaetes were positively correlated with sediment nitrogen concentration, while copepods were not. Also, during the bloom the nitrogen concentration in the sediment increased but the abundance of nematodes showed an opposite trend. The general negative effect of the bloom on the total fauna might be the responsible for this result. An attempt was also made to assess whether the nematode:copepod ratio (Ne:Co) could be used in this ecosystem as an indicator of pollutant input or habitat disturbance by the algal bloom. This ratio has been used elsewhere with some success. Results from this study indicated that this ratio has only limited value as an indicator in the study situation and that the concomitant influence of sediment grain size and nutrient levels lead to a potentially misleading interpretation of the results that the ratio provides. The interactions between meiofauna, the prevailing physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the sediments in Moreton Bay are clearly very complex. The influence of phenomena such as the Lyngbya blooms adds to this complexity but, in the current study, this was seen to clearly have an effect on both animal abundance and their distribution. In this regard, the present study has identified the key areas of influence from the algal blooms and has also highlighted the need to further research these important animal groups so that we may better understand how the benthos, and thus the wider ecosystem, might cope with pollutants and anthropogenic disturbances.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington. / Vita. Bibliography: L. 122-128.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Drexel University, 2006. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-150).

"October, 2008." / Prepared for NOAA Coastal Services Center. "List of Preparers: Jerry Rohde [et al.]"--P. 135. Also available via the World Wide Web.