Earlier studies on the relationship between mercury concentration in fish – or alternatively bioavailability of mercury in aquatic systems – and different abiotic oceanographic factors such as water temperature, pH and salinity, have shown that such associations often exist. The results are not always consistent between studies, however. The aim of this study is to investi­gate if this type of relationships can be established in Baltic herring, Clupea harengus, with the use of temporal monitoring data from the northern Bothnian Bay (northern Sweden), compiled within Swedish monitoring programmes. The abiotic factors being assessed in this study are water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and measurements of nutrient content in the water; phosphate, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Relationships between these parameters and mercury concentration in herring were investi­gated using multiple linear regression. Generally however, relationships were absent, and only one significant association was found, a positive relationship between total phosphorus in water and herring mercury load. Difficulty to reveal relationships in the presence of confoun­ding factors, which cannot be controlled for when using monitoring data from the field, is suggested as one reason for the absence of such relationships. Furthermore, the somewhat incomplete monitoring data of abiotic factors likely made it hard to detect any relationships.

Climate change research is undergoing a monumental shift, from an almost exclusive focus on mitigation, and the reduction of greenhouse gases, to adaptation, and identifying the ways in which nations, communities and sectors might best respond to the reality of a changing climate. Vulnerability assessments are now being employed to identify the conditions to which socio ecological systems are exposed-sensitive and their capacity to adapt. Work has been conducted across a range of geographical locations and systems as diverse as healthcare and mining. There are however, few examples of analyses incorporating an assessment of the multiple climatic and non-climatic stressors to which agricultural producers are exposed. This thesis examines farm-level vulnerability to climate change of agricultural producers from the Eastern Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. The study area has a diverse agricultural economy, founded upon pastoral farming (dairy and drystock) and kiwifruit. This dependence on agricultural production, and the likely influence of expected changes in climatic conditions in the future provided a unique setting in which to develop a place-based case study exploring vulnerability to future climatic variability and change. Using a mixed methods approach, including semi-structured interviews and temporal analogues, a conceptual framework of farm-level vulnerability was developed and applied. The application of the framework was conducted through an empirical study that relied on engagement with and insights from producers who identified current exposure-sensitivity and adaptive capacity. It is shown that pastoral farmers and kiwifruit growers are exposed-sensitive to a range of climatic and non-climatic conditions that affect production, yields and farm income and returns. It demonstrates that producers have in turn, developed a range of short- and long-term adaptive strategies in order to better manage climatic conditions. It shows that these responses are varied, and are not made in response to climatic conditions alone, illustrating the need to consider other, multiple stimuli. An assessment of future vulnerability is presented, based on the empirical work and the identification of those drivers of vulnerability that are likely to be of concern and that will shape the capacity of farmers and growers to respond to climatic variability and change. The thesis as a whole not only provides a place-based case study on the vulnerability of farmers and kiwifruit growers in eastern New Zealand, but also demonstrates the need to engage with producers in order to develop an understanding of the complex ways in which climatic conditions interact with non-climatic stimuli beyond the farm-gate to influence vulnerability to climatic variability and change, both now and in the future.

The experimental investigation in this report was conducted both as indicator of the problems in McCormacks bay, and also as a base for the calibration of a numerical model of the hydraulic characteristics of the bay. There are some issues of public concern associated with the bay at the present time. These are related to dominant algae populations and their related problems, and the desire to preserve the existing bay as a healthy marine environment. Numerical models can be a useful tool to test various management options. A component of this study involved the calibration of a numerical model which described the response of the bay to tidal functions in the estuary. Calibration was achieved using data from measurements taken on the eighteenth of December 1996. The model was based specifically around the main central culvert running under the causeway. The model showed that an increase in the depth of this culvert would increase the range of water levels in the bay by up to 23%. This is significant and would increase the tidal exchange in the bay, thereby promoting circulation.

Digitaliseringen under 2000-talet har förändrat många branscher. Utbredningen av illegal fildelning är en av de utmaningar som dykt upp, utbredd bland i övrigt laglydiga människor. Samtidigt sker en framväxt av nya sätt att konsumera på internet, som tar avstamp i fildelningstekniken men fungerar inom lagliga ramar. Uppsatsen har mot bakgrund av detta drivits av att undersöka hur fildelning motiveras: Hur ser argumenten ut för och emot illegal fildelning?   I detta arbete undersöks de argument som används för att rättfärdiga fildelning av musik, genom en kvalitativ argumentationsanalys, kombinerad med Boltanski Thévenots teori om rättfärdigande och värdeordningar. Materialet utgörs av en diskussionstråd på internetforumet Flashback om fildelningssajten The Pirate Bay och streamingtjänsten Spotify. Dessutom undersöks också rättfärdigandet av de streamingtjänster som vuxit fram som alternativ till den illegala fildelningen.   Resultatet visar att både fildelning och användandet av streamingtjänster motiveras av pragmatism: smidighet och effektivitet appellerar till användarna mer än tradition och känsla. Dessutom uppvisas en uppluckring i synen på musik som handelsvara: Den ständiga tillgången har förändrat viljan att betala för enskilda album och låtar.

The modern interaction we have with the natural environment surrounding our cities is often limited to designated areas that usually contain manicured trails. When information is very limited or absent we often avoid exploring such areas and instead opt for others both familiar and easily accessible. Mapping as a means to engage a community is a method that encourages exploration and discovery. Often there are hidden treasures of our communities’ backyards that have nearly been lost to time and memory. This practicum is an attempt to reconnect and engage residents and visitors of Thunder Bay, Ontario, with the historically significant Kaministiquia River. It focuses on the Kaministiquia from Kakabeka Falls to Lake Superior. By providing the public with information on the river’s attractions and how to access the river, it is hoped that families and individuals will utilitize the information to get outside and explore their surrounding environment.

The Lac Guyer greenstone belt in the James Bay region of New Quebec was a zone of active volcanism in Archean times and constituted part of a system of "rifts" known as the La Grande superbelt. The rifting of continental crust initiated with the deposition of a sequence of volcanics dominated by pillowed basalts. An overlying volcanic sequence began with the deposition of rhyodacites and other felsic volcaniclastics, intercalated with mafic flows and tuffs. These, in turn, are overlain by peridotitic and pillowed pyroxenitic komatiite flows and then by pillowed basalts. The rocks in this Archean belt have experienced at least two periods of deformation and attained amphibolite facies. / The early voluminous basalts of the first sequence probably reflect the eruption of steady state liquids from periodically replenished, periodically tapped, magma chambers located near the interface of an early crust and Archean mantle. With time the mafic crust overlying these magma chambers, melted to produce tonalitic-granodioritic magmas. These magmas rose and experienced amphibole fractionation. Residual liquids produced by this fractionation erupted as rhyodacites contemporanously with later basalts. The eruption of komatiitic liquids indicates a major failure of the crustal screen enabling primitive magmas to reach the surface. The spectrum of primitive komatiitic compositions reflects variable degrees (15 to 40%) of partial melting of a garnet lherzolite in the Archean mantle. Pyroxenitic komatiite magmas represent the least degree of melting with garnet remaining in the mantle residue. Garnet was completely consumed, however, in the more extensive melting involved in the production of the peridotitic komatiite magmas. As the volcanic pile of the second volcanic sequence grew crustal magma reservoirs were re-established. Primitive komatiitic magmas held in these reservoirs underwent extensive crystal fractionation to yield residual steady state liquids which erupted as the upper basalts of the second volcanic sequence.

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Upphovsrätt i en digital miljö är ett dynamiskt och ständigt föränderligt rättsområde som ställer höga krav på den gällande rättens flexibilitet. Ny teknik kräver nya angreppssätt för att skydda upphovsrättshavare på Internet. I denna uppsats belyser vi hur det svenska rättssystemet anpassas för att bekämpa problemen med illegal fildelning, genom att studera gällande rätt och analysera hur den tillämpas av Sveriges domstolar. Vi har under arbetets gång kunnat se att domstolarnas huvudsakliga angreppssätt är att tillämpa medverkansansvarsbestämmelsen i BrB och utdöma ansvar för medhjälp till huvudbrottet i URL. Bland annat analyserar vi det i media mycket uppmärksammade målet om The Pirate Bay (TPB). Vi har kunnat se en markant skillnad i hur påföljder bestäms beroende på huruvida medhjälparen haft ett vinstsyfte eller inte, samt i vilken omfattning medhjälparens verksamhet bedrivits. Angående vinstsyftet tycks anledningen till att utdöma strängare påföljder vara att motverka uppkomsten av en marknad på vilken det går att försörja sig på att tillhandahålla tjänster som möjliggör upphovsrättsintrång. I uppsatsen förklarar vi att det som saknas i gällande rätt är en tydligt dragen nedre gräns för medhjälpsansvar, d v s hur liten koppling till huvudbrottet en handling ska ha för att inte räknas som medhjälp till brott. Domstolarna gör ingen skillnad på vilken roll någon har haft i en verksamhet som främjar upphovsrättsintrång. Den som har utfört en gärning som, direkt eller indirekt, främjar sådan verksamhet har dömts efter vad som ligger honom till last. I samtliga fall saknas dessutom en gärningsman för huvudbrottet, men detta utgör inte ett hinder mot att hålla någon ansvarig som medhjälpare. Vår slutsats är att de generella medverkansbestämmelserna i BrB kräver ytterligare förtydliganden för att skapa en klar bild av rättsläget, antingen i praxis eller genom utökad lagstiftning. Det mest flexibla sättet att göra detta är genom domstolspraxis, eftersom denna typ av rätt har större möjlighet att utvecklas i takt med tekniken, vilket kommer att krävas även i framtiden.

Graduation date: 2006

Graduation date: 1979