By way of a case study this paper illustrates and evaluates the Bibliographic Framework (or BIBFRAME) as means for harvesting and sharing bibliographic metadata over the Web for libraries. BIBFRAME is an emerging framework developed by the Library of Congress for bibliographic description based on Linked Data. Much like Semantic Web, the goal of Linked Data is to make Web “data aware” and transform the existing Web of documents into a Web of data. Linked Data leverages the existing Web infrastructure and allows linking and sharing of structured data for human and machine consumption. The BIBFRAME model attempts to contextualize the Linked Data technology for libraries. Library applications and systems contain high-quality structured metadata but this data is generally static in its presentation and seldom integrated with other internal metadata sources or linked to external Web resources. With BIBFRAME existing disparate library metadata sources such as catalogs and digital collections can be harvested and integrated over the Web. In addition, bibliographic data enriched with Linked Data could offer richer navigational control and access points for users. With Linked Data principles, metadata from libraries could also become harvestable by search engines, transforming dormant catalogs and digital collections into active knowledge repositories. Thus experimenting with Linked Data using existing bibliographic metadata holds the potential to empower libraries to harness the reach of commercial search engines to continuously discover, navigate, and obtain new domain specific knowledge resources on the basis of their verified metadata. The initial part of the paper introduces BIBFRAME and discusses Linked Data in the context of libraries. The final part of this paper outlines a step-by-step process for implementing BIBFRAME with existing library metadata.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_re_me_mar.pdf: 1232145 bytes, checksum: 0769231b6107aa5227dea1ca687c1457 (MD5) / A proposta de uma Web Semântica surgiu como uma alternativa que possibilitaria a interpretação das informações por máquinas, permitindo assim maior qualidade nas buscas e resultados mais relevantes aos usuários. A Web Semântica pode ser utilizada atualmente apenas em domínios restritos, como em sites de comércio eletrônico, devido à dificuldade de representar ontologicamente toda a Web. Objetiva-se verificar como os conceitos, tecnologias, arquiteturas de metadados utilizados pela Web Semântica podem contribuir à construção, modelagem e arquitetura de metadados de catálogos bibliográficos, tomando por base os conceitos definidos no modelo conceitual desenvolvido para a representação do universo bibliográfico denominado Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), além de explanar sobre a utilização do modelo conceitual como recurso ontológico. A proposta se pauta no estudo de arquiteturas de metadados semânticas, de modo a identificar suas características, funções e estruturas, além de estudar o modelo BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework), que se configura como a iniciativa mais recente acerca da implementação de tecnologias da Web à área da Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se por seu caráter teórico-exploratório e foi desenvolvida mediante análise e revisão de literatura sobre seus temas. Os resultados apresentam as principais arquiteturas de metadados utilizadas no contexto da Web Semântica e uma abordagem sobre ontologias, interoperabilidade em sistemas de informação, modelagem de catálogos online, além da apresentação do modelo BIBFRAME, com base em sua importância para a catalogação. / The proposal of a Semantic Web has emerged as an alternative that would allow the interpretation of information by machines, allowing higher quality in the searches and more relevant results to users. Currently, the Semantic Web can only be used in restricted domains, such as e-commerce sites, due to the difficulty of representing the entire Web ontologically. The objective is to see how the concepts, technologies, architectures, and metadata used by the Semantic Web can contribute to build, model and metadata architecture of bibliographic catalogs, based on the concepts defined in the conceptual model developed for the representation of the bibliographic universe called Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), and explain about the use of the conceptual model and ontological resource. The proposal is guided in the study of semantic metadata architectures, in order to identify its characteristics, functions and structures, in addition to study the model BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework), which constitutes the most recent initiative on implementing Web technologies to the Library and Information Science field. This research is characterized by its theoretical and exploratory character was developed through analysis and review of literature on their subjects. The results show the main architectures used in the metadata context of the Semantic Web and an approach to ontology, interoperability in information systems, modeling catalogs online, besides the presentation of the model BIBFRAME, based on their importance to the Cataloging.

This thesis explores the debate surrounding BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework) in a listserv provided by the Library of Congress (2011-2022). A combined qualitative and quantitative content analysis revealed tensions in the forum between those who prefer MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) and those who prefer BIBFRAME. From a theoretical perspective, these tensions are explained as originating in a conflict between two incommensurable bibliographic paradigms. It is argued that standards like MARC, AACR (Anglo-American Cataloging Rules) and ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) belong to a ”record-based” paradigm whereas BIBFRAME, FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and RDA (Resource Description and Access) belong to an ”E-R” paradigm, based around the concepts of entities and relations. The results revealed that the debate is made up of two distinct dimensions: one theoretical technical and one social. The theoretical-technical tensions are, in turn, shown to revolve around two questions: whether MARC is obsolete and whether BIBFRAME is the right way forward. The social tensions stem from a divide between the library community and the IT people. The results provide evidence on the need for clearer communication on BIBFRAME, regarding its goals and design choices. Likewise, there is need for a closer integration between the library community and the IT world.

This dissertation focuses on the data exchange bibliographic formats that have been used in the libraries since the 1960s. There have not been many changes over the decades although librarians have been calling for them. Since the beginning of the new millennium, there has been a growing pressure for change. The aim of this dissertation is to try to summarize the activities in this field and to outline possible future development. The formats used in the past and in the present are analysed in the first part. It is possible to predict the future development on the basis of the analysis of individual projects and on the basis of surveys. The results of the analysis suggest that these activities are headed to a linked data publication model that preserves the current cataloguing procedures. Keywords: exchange formats, bibliographic data, MARC format, MARC 21 format, linked data, BIBFRAME, Schema.org, cataloguing