Cette thèse examine le processus de déploiement du service Vélib', l'infrastructure de vélos publics de Paris. En se penchant sur les multiples épreuves, pratiques et enquêtes qui rendent possibles le maintien et la permanence de l'infrastructure, elle développe l'argument selon lequel Paris, la première capitale dotée d'une technologie de vélos publics de grande ampleur, est devenu un terrain d'exploration où sont testés des savoirs et instruments relatifs à l'écologie urbaine, les utilisateurs et la mobilité. Il est montré que le devenir expérimental du service n'a jamais constitué une politique explicite, mais qu'il est le résultat de manières concrètes de concevoir et d'affronter les problèmes qui sont apparus. Plutôt que de partir d'une définition préexistante et parfaitement délimitée de ce qu'est l'objet Vélib', cette thèse analyse le dispositif à partir des opérations hétérogènes d'entretien qu'il nécessite, en montrant que chacun de ces arrangements fait agir le service différemment. Cette démarche, qui consiste à étudier le programme de vélos en libre-service en actes, tel qu'il se fabrique dans le travail ordinaire de tous les jours, contribue à ouvrir la voie à un nouveau registre des études sur la mobilité, et à élargir les questions sur les agences, les agencements et les activités qui configurent et fabriquent les infrastructures urbaines. / This doctoral dissertation examines the implementation process of the Parisian public bicycle infrastructure, Vélib'. By focusing on the numerous obstacles, practices and inquiries which allowed the infrastructure to be continued, it argues that Paris, as the first capital boasting a large-scale public bicycling scheme, became a real-life field for experimenting knowledge and tools regarding urban ecology, users and mobility. It demonstrates that the experimental development of the service was never an explicit policy, but rather the outcome of the concrete manners of dealing with and solving the problems that arose. Instead of using a preexisting and clear-cut definition of the Vélib' object, this dissertation analyzes the scheme through the different maintenance operations it requires, by showing how each of these interventions makes a difference in the way the service operates. This approach, which involves studying the public bicycling scheme in action, as it is shaped by its daily operations, lays the groundwork for a new angle of mobility studies and for a broader framing of the issue of agency, as well as the agencements and activities which configure and produce urban infrastructure

Increases in bicycling in the United States results in increased exposure to crashes and injuries. This research focuses on the factors involved in bicycle crashes in the United States and the state of Iowa. Data from the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the Iowa Department of Transportation were used to address three aims: 1) estimate the burden and examine the outcomes of bicycle crashes resulting in hospitalizations nationwide by motor vehicle involvement, 2) describe how bicycle motor vehicle crashes vary by intersection and non-intersection in Iowa, and 3) identify the impact of on-road bicycle facilities on bicycle-motor vehicle crashes in Iowa. Using the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample, years 2002-2009, the estimated annual burden of injury from bicycle-related hospitalizations equated to a billion dollars in hospital charges, over 100,000 days in the hospital, and over 300 in-hospital deaths. We also found that bicycling crashes involving motor vehicles had more hospital charges, longer stays, and greater odds of in-hospital death. We also used the Iowa Department of Transportation crash database, 2001 to 2010, to examine risk factors for bicycle-motor vehicle (BMV) crash locations. We found that BMV crashes involve risk factors at person, crash, environment, and population levels and these vary by intersection and non-intersection. Compared to intersections, non-intersection crashes were more likely to involve young bicyclists (0-9 years), locations outside city limits, with driver vision obscured, reduced lighting on the roadway and less likely involve failure to yield right of way. Finally, we conducted a case site-control site study in Iowa, using crash data from 2007 to 2010 to investigate the impact of pavement markings (bicycle lanes and shared lane arrows) and bicycle-specific signage on crash risk. Our results suggest that bicycle facilities are protective against crashes, with the most protective being the combination of both pavement markings and signage, followed by pavement markings alone, and then signage alone. This project shows that bicycling carries a large burden of injury in the United States and that there are many contributing factors to bicycle crashes. It also provides evidence suggesting that infrastructure changes can decrease crash occurrence and there opportunities to intervene at other levels (e.g., person factors) to have an even greater impact overall.

The subject of this diploma thesis is design of electric assisted city bicycle – so called pedelec. The aim was to propose a design that will meet both the requirements of clientwork and the criteria of timeless design with modern materials and technology. The result is a design which, compared to commercially available electric bikes, stands out with much better weight distribution and user comfort.The thesis is soluted by design,technical, ergonomic, psychological and economic terms. Diploma thesis has 84 pages.

This thesis deals with human powered vehicles. It contains history, division, examples of these vehicles, but especially design of quite new vehicle with an unique driving mechanism.

abstract: Riding a bicycle requires accurately performing several tasks, such as balancing and navigation, which may be difficult or even impossible for persons with disabilities. These difficulties may be partly alleviated by providing active balance and steering assistance to the rider. In order to provide this assistance while maintaining free maneuverability, it is necessary to measure the position of the rider on the bicycle and to understand the rider's intent. Applying autonomy to bicycles also has the potential to address some of the challenges posed by traditional automobiles, including CO2 emissions, land use for roads and parking, pedestrian safety, high ownership cost, and difficulty traversing narrow or partially obstructed paths. The Smart Bike research platform provides a set of sensors and actuators designed to aid in understanding human-bicycle interaction and to provide active balance control to the bicycle. The platform consists of two specially outfitted bicycles, one with force and inertial measurement sensors and the other with robotic steering and a control moment gyroscope, along with the associated software for collecting useful data and running controlled experiments. Each bicycle operates as a self-contained embedded system, which can be used for untethered field testing or can be linked to a remote user interface for real-time monitoring and configuration. Testing with both systems reveals promising capability for applications in human-bicycle interaction and robotics research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Software Engineering 2020

abstract: Bicycles and motorcycles offer maneuverability, energy efficiency and acceleration that four wheeled vehicles cannot offer given similar budget for. Two wheeled vehicles have drastically different dynamics from four wheeled vehicles due to their instability and gyroscopic effect from their wheels. This thesis focuses on self-stabilization of a motorcycle using an active control momentum gyroscope (CMG) and validation of this multi-degree-of-freedom system’s mathematical model. Physical platform was created to mimic the simulation as accurately as possible and all components used were justified. This process involves derivation of a 3 Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) system’s forward kinematics and its Jacobian matrix, simulation analysis of different controller algorithms, setting the system and subsystem specifications, and real system experimentation and data analysis. A Jacobian matrix was used to calculate accurately decomposed resultant angular velocities which are used to create the dynamics model of the system torque using the Euler-Lagrange method. This produces a nonlinear second order differential equation that is modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. PID, and cascaded feedback loop are tested in this Simulink model. Cascaded feedback loop shows most promises in the simulation analysis. Therefore, system specifications are calculated according to the data produced by this controller method. The model validation is executed using the Vicon motion capture system which captured the roll angle of the motorcycle. This work contributes to creating a set of procedures for creating a validated dynamic model for a CMG stabilized motorcycle which can be used to create variants of other self-stabilizing motorcycle system. / Dissertation/Thesis / Self-balancing test Trial 3 / Self-balancing test Trial 1 / Self-balancing test Trial 2 / Masters Thesis Engineering 2020

Kinematic measurements conducted during bike set-ups utilise either static or dynamic measures. There is currently limited data on reliability of static and dynamic measures nor consensus on which is the optimal method. The aim of the study was to assess the difference between static and dynamic measures of the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder and elbow. Nineteen subjects performed three separate trials of a 10min duration at a fixed workload (70% of peak power output). Static measures were taken with a standard goniometer (GM), an inclinometer (IM) and dynamic three dimensional motion capture (3DMC) using an eight camera motion capture system. Static and dynamic joint angles were compared over the three trials to assess repeatability of the measurements and differences between static and dynamic values. There was a positive correlation between GM and IM measures for all joints. Only the knee, shoulder and elbow were positively correlated between GM and 3DMC, and IM and 3DMC. Although all three instruments were reliable, 3D motion analysis utilised different landmarks for most joints and produced different means. Changes in knee flexion angle from static to dynamic are attributable to changes in the positioning of the foot. Controlling for this factor, the differences are negated. It was demonstrated that 3DMC is not interchangeable with GM and IM, and it is recommended that 3DMC develop independent reference values for bicycle configuration.

No description available.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric characteristics of the Bicycle Drawing Test. The 20-point scoring criterion was evaluated, and the preliminary norms were established. The Bicycle Drawing Test is an easily administered free-style drawing task that has been found to be a useful addition to a neuropsychological test battery. It provides a sample of visuopractic functioning involving the formation of a perceptual construct, a motor response, and a spatial component.

Electric bikes have become a popular means of transportation over the years. This report examined whether or not it is plausible to upgrade old bicycles to electrical bikes, thereby, using the already existing bicycles and avoiding the need of unnecessary manufacturing. A prototype of the mountable motor was designed and manufactured. The device consisted of two units, a mounting unit and a motor unit. A controller was connected to the motor and could be placed on the handlebar. The controller both enabled control and monitoring of the power given to the motor. The prototype’s durability, potential velocity and control system were tested to answer the research questions and give recommendation to further developments of the project. No major malfunctions were found in the construction after testing. For a voltage of 12V and a payload of 22kg, the bicycle obtained a top speed about 3m/s. The control system gave a smooth transition between velocities with hardly any noise to the signals. / Den elektriska cykeln har under åren blivit ett populärt transportmedel. Denna rapport kommer att undersöka huruvida det är rimligt att uppgradera traditionella cyklar till elcyklar. Istället för att nyproducera elcykelramar kan redan befintliga cyklar användas. En prototyp av en monterbar och avtagbar cykelmotor byggdes. Prototypen bestod av två enheter, en infästningsenhet och en motorenhet. Motorenheten var kopplad till ett kontrollsystem som gick att fästa på styret. Via kontrollsystemet kunde man både kontrollera och övervaka effekten från motorn. Prototypens tålighet, potentiella hastighet och kontrollsystem testades för att besvara forskningsfrågorna och lägga en grund för vidareutveckling av konceptet. Det hittades inga allvarliga brister eller skador av konstruktionen efter testerna. Vid en motorspänning på 12V och en last på 22kg så nåddes en maxhastighet på lite över 3m/s. Kontrollsystemet gav en jämn övergång mellan de olika hastigheterna, utan påverkande brus i signalerna.