This thesis takes a critical look at the present state of bicycle safety research, highlighting data needs and some conclusions researchers have already drawn using the data available to them. In particular, this thesis examines safety literature relating to 22 bicycle treatments, synthesizing findings, study methodologies, and data sources used in the studies. The current body of bicycle safety literature points toward some defensible conclusions regarding the safety of certain bicycle treatments such as bike lanes and removal of on-street parking; however, many treatments are still in need of rigorous research. Also, there are fundamental questions about data that need to be answered, and data availability issues need to be addressed. Among them are what constitutes appropriate exposure measures for bicycles, how to obtain accurate crash and exposure data for bicycles, and what impact safety treatments have on injury severity.

Bibliography: leaves 259-282. / iii, 282 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1996

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005 / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 129 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-105). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--Springfield College, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

The Swedish city of Umeå is one amongst other cities that has a focus on the increase in the bicycling usage. The municipality of Umeå aims to make public transport, bicycling and walking the most frequently used modes of transport in the city (Umeå kommun, 2017b). There are both positive and negative effects when people are using the bicycle as a mode of transportation. The positive aspects can be increase in health benefits, more environmentally friendly than other transport options and it is a relatively cheap way to transport oneself. The negative aspects can be that more people get hurt due to the risks with bicycling such as physical infrastructure related hazards. The aim of this thesis is to explore if the number of roads in an intersection has any correlation with the amount and severity of accidents and to analyse it in the scope of sustainable development and accessibility. This was done with the quantitative database STRADA which consists of both hospital data and police data on bicycles accidents in the timespan of 2008-2018. The chosen study area was Umeå but with two more specific locations: the city centre and the campus area. Two different approaches were used to utilize the data from STRADA: GIS to create descriptive maps and calculations of the bicycle accidents and logistics-regressions to investigate the accident severity relation to a certain number of chosen variables. The main findings were that it is important that every aspect of bicycling should be as safe as possible otherwise many beneficial effects with bicycling may disappear, such as the ones with sustainable development and accessibility. The results show that there was one type of intersection that had relevance and that was the intersections with three roads in it. Three road intersections were significant in two ways. The first way was that it caused an increased risk in more severe accidents and the second way had an opposite relationship and this was depending on what type of geographical place one was looking at. As with other risk factors there were many variables that affected the outcome of the risk. In Umeå it seemed that people that were over age 39, accidents with vehicles and winter were factors alongside with the three road intersections.

abstract: Bicyclist and pedestrian safety is a growing concern in San Francisco, CA, especially given the increasing numbers of residents choosing to bike and walk. Sharing the roads with automobiles, these alternative road users are particularly vulnerable to sustain serious injuries. With this in mind, it is important to identify the factors that influence the severity of bicyclist and pedestrian injuries in automobile collisions. This study uses traffic collision data gathered from California Highway Patrol’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) to predict the most important determinants of injury severity, given that a collision has occurred. Multivariate binomial logistic regression models were created for both pedestrian and bicyclist collisions, with bicyclist/pedestrian/driver characteristics and built environment characteristics used as the independent variables. Results suggest that bicycle infrastructure is not an important predictor of bicyclist injury severity, but instead bicyclist age, race, sobriety, and speed played significant roles. Pedestrian injuries were influenced by pedestrian and driver age and sobriety, crosswalk use, speed limit, and the type of vehicle at fault in the collision. Understanding these key determinants that lead to severe and fatal injuries can help local communities implement appropriate safety measures for their most susceptible road users. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Sustainability 2016

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-28T12:26:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSAO_DEFINITIVA_TESE_MARIANA_OLIVEIRA_DA_SILVEIRA_ENG_CIVIL.pdf: 5294359 bytes, checksum: 5329bacd52996926c4c8c81038df732a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T12:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSAO_DEFINITIVA_TESE_MARIANA_OLIVEIRA_DA_SILVEIRA_ENG_CIVIL.pdf: 5294359 bytes, checksum: 5329bacd52996926c4c8c81038df732a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-21 / CAPEs / Baseada em fundamentos comportamentais, esta tese apresenta variáveis que influenciam na intenção de uso frequente da bicicleta. Entende-se como uso frequente o relacionado a viagens cotidianas ao trabalho e/ou escola. A abordagem na linha comportamental se deve a relevância desta categoria de pesquisa mediante levantamento bibliográfico sobre motivadores e empecilhos ao uso frequente da bicicleta. A Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) junto à técnica estatística de regressão logística é adotada para definição de variáveis que influenciam no uso frequente da bicicleta entre 500 não ciclistas e potenciais ciclistas de duas instituições do Recife, do CESAR (empresa de inovação tecnológica) e da UFPE. As variáveis „infraestrutura cicloviária‟, „andar de bicicleta é bom para a saúde‟, „custo para se ter e/ou usar a bicicleta‟, „tempo de deslocamento com o uso da bicicleta‟ e „volume do tráfego motorizado‟ foram as que obtiveram significância estatística na influência de uso frequente da bicicleta entre as duas amostras analisadas. Quando essas variáveis são relacionadas com os fundamentos da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado tem-se que crenças de Atitude e de Controle Comportamental Percebido determinaram o resultado da pesquisa, o que indica que são as variáveis dessas crenças que devem ser trabalhadas nas políticas públicas de incentivo ao uso frequente da bicicleta. / Based on behavioral elements, this thesis introduces variables that influence the intention of frequent use of bicycle. The frequent use is related to daily trips to work and / or school. The approach in behavioral line is due to the relevance of this research category by literature on motivators and obstacles to the frequent use of bicycles. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with the logistic regression statistical technique is adopted to define variables that influence the frequent use of bicycles among 500 non cyclists and potential cyclists of two institutions of Recife, CESAR (technological innovation company) and UFPE. The variables 'cycling infrastructure', 'cycling is good for health', 'cost to own and / or to use the bicycle', 'travel time using the bicycle' and 'volume of motorized traffic' were which achieved statistical significance in influence of the frequent use of bicycle between the two samples. When these variables are related to the elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior we have that beliefs Attitude and Perception of Behavioral Control determined the research result, which indicates that these variables should be dealt with in the public policies which intends to influence the use of bicycles.

Sammanfattning   Denna rapport redovisar ett tillvägagångssätt att inventera, inmäta och kartera föreslagna cykelleder åt Torsby Sportcenter samt framställa ett dokument med adressuppgifter över berörda fastighetsägare.   Inventering och inmätning utfördes med en enklare GPS-mottagare. Kartan framställdes i GIS-programmet ArcMap och som bakgrundskarta användes fastighetskartan ur vilken valda lager exporterades. För en del lager slogs vissa klasser ihop till en klass för att få en fungerande kartbild. Samtliga lager gavs egna manér. För att framställa fastighetsägaruppgifterna söktes först berörda fastigheter ut i fastighetskartan. Fastighetsbeteckningarna användes sedan i programmet TekisWebb TefatTorsby för att sedan sammanställas i en fastighetsägartabell. Cykelledernas redovisning i kartan gjordes med en symbol som fanns i ArcMap.   Det konstaterades att noggrannheten för GPS-mottagaren är tillräcklig för den skala som kartan redovisas i. Sökningen av fastigheter gav önskat resultat och kunde redovisas fullständigt. Däremot är sökningen av fastighetsägare inte fullständig. Cykelledernas symbolisering anses uppfylla kravet att framträda extra tydligt kartans bakgrundsinformation.   Inmätningen kan förbättras om inställningen för mätning av position är inställd på den tätaste positionsbestämningen. För sammanställande av fastigheter och fastighetsägare var det mycket manuell hantering. Detta borde gå att utveckla så att sökningarna sammanställs automatiskt. Förbättring av cykelledernas visualisering kan förslagsvis göras genom att en förstorad del kring Torsby sportcenter läggs in i kartan eller att kartan redovisas i större skala och format. / Abstract   This report describes an approach to measure positions and map proposed bicycle trails for Torsby Sports Center, and to produce a document with the address information of affected property owners.   Inventory and measurement of positions was carried out with an ordinary handheld GPS receiver. The map was produced using GIS (ArcMap) with property maps from the National Land Survey as background, from which the selected layers were exported. For some layers classes were defined into one class, in order to obtain an appropriate map design. All layers were given their own type of symbols. Property ownership data was singled out for concerned properties in the property map. Property designation was made in the program TekisWebb TefatTorsby and then imported into a property owner table. The symbol for bicycle trails in the map was obtained from the ArcMap symbol library.   It was found that the accuracy of the GPS receiver is high enough in relation to the map scale. The selection of properties gave desired results and was reported complete. The selection of the property owners was, however, not complete.  The bicycle trail symbols was considered to meet the requirements of being extra clearly visible on the map’s background information.   Measurement of positions can be improved if the setting is set to the highest positioning accuracy. The compiling of properties and property owners involved extensive manual handling work, and it would be possible to automate that process further. Improvement of bicycle trails visualization can be done by adding a larger scale map of the local area surrounding Torsby Sports Center and include in the map, or by increasing the map scale and format.