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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Nanocomposite Materials for New Energy Conversion Device

Afzal, Muhammad January 2013 (has links)
This thesis gives an approach how to develop newperovskite and nanocomposite cathode material for low temperature solid oxidefuel cells on the basis of nanocomposite approach to lower the operatingtemperature of SOFC. BaxCa1-xCoyFe1-yO3-δ(BCCF) and BSCF perovskite or nanocomposite oxides have been synthesized andinvestigated as catalytically potential cathode materials for low temperaturesolid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFC). Some single component materials have been alsosynthesized for new energy conversion device or EFFC. These nanocomposite andperovskite electrical conductors were synthesized by wet chemical, sol gel,co-precipitation and solid state reaction methods. Comparison with that ofcommercial Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(BSCF) cathode material, BCCF and locally prepared BSCF exhibit higher electricalconductivities as compared to that of commercial BSCF at same setup andconditions. In particular, novel Ba0.3Ca0.7Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δhas shown the maximum conductivity of 143 S/cm in air and local BSCF withconductivity of 313 S/cm in air at 550°C were measured by DC 4 probe method. Anadditional positive aspect of BCCF is that it is cost effective and works atroom temperature but with small output which will lead SOFC to operate atextremely low temperatures. XRD patterns of the samples reveal perovskite andnanocomposite structures of the said materials. Microstructure studies give thehomogeneous structure and morphology of the nanoparticles by using HighResolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cell resistance has beendetermined by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Devised materialshave shown very good mechanical strength and stability proving their importancein advanced fuel cell technology. Power density of devices from 126 to 192 mWcm-2hasbeen achieved.
12

Développement d’une pile à combustible à oxyde solide de type monochambre fonctionnant sous mélange air/méthane / Development of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell working under methane/oxygen mixture

Rembelski, Damien 18 December 2012 (has links)
Cette étude est consacrée au développement d’une pile à combustible à oxyde solide (SOFC) de type monochambre. Contrairement à une pile SOFC conventionnelle, le système monochambre fonctionne dans un mélange de gaz hydrocarbure/air ce qui permet de s’affranchir des contraintes d’étanchéités. Le principe de fonctionnement est basé sur la différence d’activité catalytique entre l’anode et la cathode : l’anode doit être sélective à l’oxydation des hydrocarbures et la cathode à la réduction de l’oxygène. La configuration monochambre implique cependant de nouvelles contraintes concernant notamment la stabilité des matériaux sous mélange hydrocarbure/air à haute température.L’objectif de cette thèse est d’optimiser les performances d’une pile monochambre fonctionnant sous mélange méthane/oxygène et d’améliorer la compréhension de ce système.Les différents éléments d’une pile (électrolyte, cathode, anode) ont été caractérisés sous mélange méthane/oxygène. Quatre matériaux de cathodes (LSM, BSCF, SSC, LSCF) ont été comparés au niveau de leur activité catalytique, stabilité, conductivité électrique et résistance de polarisation. Une étude catalytique de l’anode a été réalisée afin d’identifier les réactions chimiques qui se produisent. Une étude de pile complète en géométrie électrolyte support a permis de sélectionner le matériau de cathode LSCF. Cette étude a également mis en évidence la nécessité de diminuer l’épaisseur de l’électrolyte, la géométrie anode support a donc été étudiée. La première pile anode support a présentée une anode inhomogène et un électrolyte poreux. Des travaux ont été menés afin d’homogénéiser l’anode et de diminuer la porosité de l’électrolyte. En optimisant les conditions de fonctionnement (température et rapport CH4/O2), une densité de puissance maximale de 160 mW.cm-2 a été obtenue. / This study is devoted to the development of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell. Contrary to a conventional solid oxide fuel cell, a single chamber fuel cell works under a hydrocarbon/air mixture with no more sealing needed. The working principle of this device is based on the difference of catalytic activity between the anode and the cathode: the anode must be selective to hydrocarbon oxidation and the cathode to oxygen reduction. With single-chamber geometry, chemical stability of materials has to be taken into account under hydrocarbon/air mixture at high temperature.The goal of this work is to optimize the performances of a single-chamber cell working under methane/oxygen mixture and to improve this device comprehension.Each part of the cell (electrolyte, anode, cathode) was characterized under methane/oxygen mixture. Four cathode materials (LSM, BSCF, SSC, LSCF) were compared regarding their catalytic activity, stability, electrical conductivity and polarization resistance. The catalytic activity of the anode was studied in order to identify the chemical reactions happening. A study of electrolyte supported cells showed that LSCF material is the most suitable cathode. Furthermore, this study showed that the electrolyte was too thick; the anode supported configuration was studied. The first anode supported cell showed an inhomogeneous anode and a porous electrolyte. From that, a study of the homogeneity of the anode and the densification of the electrolyte was performed. A maximum power density of 160mW.cm-2 was obtained by optimizing the working conditions of the cells (temperature and CH4/O2 ratio).

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