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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Search for displaced leptons in the e-mu final state at the CMS experiment

Liu, Bingxuan January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
22

Le quark top comme sonde pour la recherche de nouvelle physique au LHC, avec le détecteur ATLAS / The top quark as a probe for searching new physics at the LHC using the ATLAS detector

Kukla, Romain 17 June 2016 (has links)
Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ciblent la recherche de nouvelle physique au-delà du Modèle Standard dans le cadre des modèles composites, lesquels font intervenir des secteurs fortement couplés à l'échelle du TeV comprenant des particules exotiques. Leur existence peut être testée auprès du collisionneur proton-proton LHC situé au CERN, grâce au détecteur ATLAS. La production d'un quark lourd, comme le T5/3, prédit dans ces modèles, peut être déduite d'une section efficace anormalement élevée d'une signature spécifique. Certains états finaux, comme celui étudié dans cette thèse impliquant 2 leptons de même signe, étant très rares, possèdent une excellente sensibilité. Les recherches des processus de création du T5/3 au LHC en utilisant les données d'ATLAS à 8 et 13 TeV sont présentées. Un léger excès a été observé à 8 TeV. Des résultats préliminaires de l'analyse à 13 TeV sont présentés et ne montrent pas d'excès. Les limites inférieures en masse sur cette particule hypothétique sont de 745 GeV à 8 TeV et de 990 GeV à 13 TeV. Les modèles composites prévoient aussi l'existence de bosons lourds comme par exemple un Z' topophile qui ne se couplerait qu'aux quarks top et dont la production en association d'une paire tt donnerait un état final similaire aux événements à 4 quarks top. Une étude phénoménologique sur le potentiel de découverte de ces processus exotiques (Z' et théorie effective) ou standard (tttt) à 13 et 14 TeV est effectuée et donne les luminosités minimales nécessaires pour pouvoir observer des déviations au Modèle Standard. Une étude instrumentale d'une nouvelle carte de déclenchement de niveau 1 du calorimètre électromagnétique est aussi décrite en prévision de la phase d'Upgrade du détecteur. / The work of this thesis focuses on the search for new physics beyond the Standard Model in the compositeness framework, which postulates strongly coupled sectors at the TeV-scale consisting of exotic particles. Their existence can be tested at the CERN proton-proton collider, the LHC, using the ATLAS detector. The production of an heavy quark, such as the T5/3 predicted in those models, can be inferred from an enhancement of the cross-section of a given signature. Some final states, such as the one studied in this thesis involving 2 same-sign leptons, are very rare and have an excellent sensitivity. Searches for T5/3 production at the LHC using 8 and 13 TeV ATLAS data are presented. A small excess is seen at 8 TeV. Preliminary results of the 13 TeV analysis are presented and do not show any excess. The inferior limits put on the T5/3 mass is 745 GeV at 8 TeV and 990 GeV at 13 TeV. Composite models include also heavy bosons such as top-philic Z' coupled only to the top quark whose production in association to a top quark pair gives a final state similar to those from 4 tops events. A phenomenological study on the discovery potential of those exotic (Z' and effective theory) or standard (tttt) processes at 13 and 14 TeV is done and gives the minimal luminosities needed to observe deviations from the Standard Model. An instrumental study for the conception of the new LTDB card, part of the electromagnetic calorimeter's level 1 trigger system is described in the context of the ATLAS upgrade program.
23

New Physics Probes at Present/Future Hadron Colliders via Vh Production

Englert, Philipp 26 April 2023 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit nutzen wir Effektive Feldtheorien, genauer gesagt die SMEFT, um BSM-Effekte modellunabhängig zu parametrisieren. Wir demonstrieren die Relevanz von Präzisionsmessungen sowohl an aktuellen als auch an zukünftigen Hadronenbeschleunigern durch die Untersuchung von Vh-Dibosonen-Prozessen. Diese Prozesse ermöglichen uns die Untersuchung einer Reihe von Dimension-6-Operatoren, die BSM-Effekte erzeugen, die mit der Schwerpunktsenergie wachsen. Im Besonderen betrachten wir die leptonischen Zerfallskanäle der Vektorbosonen und zwei verschiedene Zerfallsmodi des Higgs-Bosons, den Diphoton-Kanal und den h->bb-Kanal. Der Diphoton-Kanal zeichnet sich durch eine saubere Signatur aus, die mit relativ einfachen Mitteln sehr gut von den relevanten Hintergründen unterschieden werden kann. Aufgrund der geringen Rate dieses Higgs-Zerfallskanals werden diese Prozesse allerdings erst für die Untersuchung von BSM-Effekten am FCC-hh relevant. Dank des großen h->bb Verzweigungsverhältnisse liefert der Vh(->bb)-Kanal bereits eine kompetitive Sensitivität für BSM-Effekte am LHC. Jedoch leidet dieser Kanal unter großen QCD-induzierten Hintergründen, weswegen ausgefeiltere Analysetechniken nötig sind, um dieses Niveau an BSM-Sensitivität zu erreichen. Wir leiten die erwarteten Schranken für die zuvor erwähnten Operatoren für den Vh(->gamma gamma)-Kanal am FCC-hh und für den Vh(->bb)-Kanal am LHC Run 3, HL-LHC und FCC-hh her. Unsere Studie des Vh(->bb)-Kanals zeigt, dass die Extraktion von Schranken für BSM-Operatoren an Hadronenbeschleunigern eine höchst nicht-triviale Aufgabe sein kann. Algorithmen des Maschinellen Lernens können potenziell nützlich zur Analyse solch komplexer Event-Strukturen sein. Wir leiten Schranken her, indem wir Boosted Decision Trees zur Signal-Hintergrund Klassifizierung benutzen und und vergleichen sie mit den Schranken aus der zuvor diskutierten Cut-and-Count Analyse. Wir finden eine leichte Verbesserung von O(einige %) für die verschiedenen Operatoren. / In this thesis, we utilise the framework of Effective Field Theories, more specifically the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, to parameterise New-Physics effects in a model-independent way. We demonstrate the relevance of precision measurements both at current and future hadron colliders by studying Vh-diboson-production processes. These processes allow us to probe a set of dimension-6 operators that generate BSM effects growing with the center-of-mass energy. More specifically, we consider the leptonic decay channels of the vector bosons and two different decay modes of the Higgs boson, the diphoton channel and the hadronic h->bb channel. The diphoton channel is characterised by a clean signature that can be separated very well from the relevant backgrounds with relatively simple methods. However, due to the small rate of this Higgs-decay channel, these processes will only become viable to probe New-Physics effects at the FCC-hh. Thanks to the large h->bb branching ratio, the Vh(->bb) channel already provides competitive sensitivity to BSM effects at the LHC. However, it suffers from large QCD-induced backgrounds that require us to use more sophisticated analysis techniques to achieve this level of BSM sensitivity. We derive the expected bounds on the previously mentioned dimension-6 operators from the Vh(->gamma gamma) channel at the FCC-hh and from the Vh(->bb) channel at the LHC Run 3, HL-LHC and FCC-hh. Our study of the Vh(->bb) channel demonstrates that extracting bounds on BSM operators at hadron colliders can be a highly non-trivial task. Machine-Learning algorithms can potentially be useful for the analysis of such complex event structures. We derive bounds using Boosted Decision Trees for the signal-background classification and compare them with the ones from the previously discussed cut-and-count analysis. We find a mild improvement of O(few %) across the different operators.
24

Recherche de dimensions supplémentaires dans l'état final diphoton avec le détecteur ATLAS à 13 TeV / Search for extra dimensions in diphoton events at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Meideck, Thomas 10 October 2018 (has links)
Dans le contexte de la Physique des Particules, la naturalité du Modèle Standard est une question qui fait débat. En effet, en l'absence de nouveaux phénomènes, le domaine de validité du Modèle Standard doit s'étendre jusqu'à l’échelle de Planck où la gravité quantique joue un rôle important. La différence en énergie entre l’échelle de Planck et l’interaction électrofaible est énorme (17 ordres de grandeur) ce qui est connu sous le nom de problème de la hiérarchie et constitue un problème de naturalité du Modèle Standard de la Physique des Particules. Une solution à ce problème serait l'ajout de dimensions spatiales supplémentaires.Cet ajout de dimensions supplémentaires entraîne l’introduction de nouvelles particules : les excitations du graviton, qui peuvent se désintégrer en 2 photons. La production de gravitons peut donc être observée dans des collisionneurs de hautes énergies notamment au LHC, en analysant les collisions proton-proton donnant un état final en 2 photons.L'analyse en diphoton, avec le détecteur ATLAS, avec une énergie dans le centre de masse de 13 TeV, permet d'explorer un intervalle en masse de détection d’environ 500 GeV à 7 TeV où pourraient se révéler des signatures de dimensions spatiales supplémentaire. Le challenge principal de l’analyse est de réaliser une bonne estimation de la composante du Modèle Standard dans les événements diphotons reconstruits par ATLAS. Cette analyse permet alors, en cas de compatibilité des données avec le Modèle Standard, d’améliorer sensiblement les limites d’exclusion sur les paramètres des modèles de dimensions supplémentaires. / In the context of particle physics, the naturalness of the Standard Model is still under discussion. In the absence of any new phenomena, the Standard Model should remain valid up to the Planck energy scale where quantum gravity plays an important role. The difference in energy between the electroweak interaction and the Planck scale is huge (17 orders of magnitude), which is known as the hierarchy problem and constitutes a naturalness issue for the Standard Model.A solution to this problem is the addition of additional space dimensions. This addition of space dimensions leads to the introduction of new particles which are graviton excitations and can decay into two photons. It might be possible toobserve graviton production at high energy colliders, especially at the LHC with the collision of proton-proton and looking at 2 photons in the final state.The diphoton analysis, with the ATLAS detector with an energy in the center of mass of 13 TeV, allows to probe a mass interval from 500 GeV to 7 TeV, where signatures of additional space dimensions, if they exist, can be studied. The main challenge of the analysis is to perform a good estimation of the SM contribution to signal. To perform this, it is necessary to discriminate true photons from misidentified jets or electronic noise. In the case of compatibility between data and the SM, this analysis allows to increase significantly the exclusion limits of the parameters of theadditional space dimensions model.
25

Search for Supersymmetry in Final States with Leptons with the ATLAS Detector at the Large Hadron Collider

Hamer, Matthias 10 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
26

Search for new high mass resonances or quantum black holes decaying to lepton flavor violating final states with the CMS detector

Beghin, Diego 17 December 2020 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse présente une analyse de données collectées par le détecteur CMS, dont le but est la recherche de nouvelle physique dans des états finaux qui violent la conservation de la saveur leptonique. Elle commence avec une discussion du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules, en insistant sur la conservation de la saveur leptonique dans ce modèle, et sur la violation de cette conservation qui découle d’un grand nombre de modifications du Modèle Standard. Les problèmes non résolus en physique des particules sont présentés, ainsi que certains des modèles de nouvelle physique qui y répondent, et qui impliquent une violation de la conservation de la saveur leptonique. Nous discutons notamment la supersymétrie avec violation de la R-parité, des modèles avec des dimensions supplémentaires, et des modèles avec une symétrie de jauge U(1) supplémentaire. Ensuite, le LHC, le détecteur CMS, son système de déclenchement et son logiciel de reconstruction des événements sont tous décrits en détail. Les données analysées correspondent à une luminosité intégrée de 137 /fb collectée par CMS pendant trois années du Run 2 du LHC (2016-18), à une énergie du centre de masse √s = 13 TeV. La stratégie d’estimation du bruit de fond est de simuler tous les processus avec de vrais leptons dans l’état final, mais des méthodes basées sur les données sont utilisées pour les principaux bruits de fond où les leptons sont en fait des particules mal identifiées. Des facteurs de correction sont appliqués aux simulations afin de tenir compte d’effets expérimentaux et de calculs théoriques plus précis. Les données s’avèrent être compatibles avec les estimations du bruit de fond, en tenant compte des incertitudes, et une analyse statistique est faite afin d’exclure des modèles de nouvelle physique à un niveau de confiance de 95 %. Pour le modèle de référence, un boson Z’ avec des désintégrations qui ne conservent pas la saveur leptonique, les limites inférieures sur la masse de la résonance sont respectivement 5.0 TeV, 4.2 TeV et 4.1 TeV pour les états finaux eμ,eτ et μτ .C’est la première analyse CMS de ce genre dans les états finaux eτ et μτ ,et dans tous les canaux les résultats sont des améliorations considérables par rapport aux meilleurs résultats précédents. / This thesis presents a novel search for new physics in lepton flavor violating final states, using the CMS detector. There is first a discussion of the Standard Model of particle physics, with a particular emphasis on the issue of lepton flavor conservation, and how often that conservation is violated when generic modifications of the Standard Model are performed. The questions left unanswered by the Standard Model are presented, as well as some new physics models which resolve them, and in so doing imply the existence of processes violating charged lepton flavor conservation. R-parity violating supersymmetry, models with large extra dimensions,and models with an extra U(1) gauge symmetry are discussed. The Large Hadron Collider, the CMS detector, its trigger system and event reconstruction software are all described in detail. The data used for the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 /fb collected by CMS during three years of LHC Run 2 (2016-18), at a center-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV. The background estimation strategy is to use simulations for all processes with real leptons, while large-yield processes with misidentified leptons are estimated with data-driven methods. The simulations are corrected by scale factors accounting for experimental calibration and more precise theoretical calculations. After comparing the observed data and the expected background, no evidence of new physics is found, and a statistical analysis is performed to exclude new physics models at the 95 % confidence level. For the benchmark lepton flavor violating Z’ model, the lower limit in the eμ (respectively eτ ,μτ ) final state on the resonance mass is 5.0 TeV (resp. 4.2 TeV, 4.1 TeV). Such an analysis had never been performed in the tau channels with the CMS detector, and in all channels these results considerably improve on the previous state-of-the-art results. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
27

Does the existence of option affect cross-listed stock prices? - Empirical investigation of whether there is any effect on stock prices caused by option existence (a study on hardware & technology companies)

Ganbold, Sanjaasuren, Falileev, Andrey January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
28

Shear controlled orientation effects with injection mouldings produced by the SCORIM process

Rawson, Keith William January 1997 (has links)
Injection moulding using the process of Shear Controlled Orientation Injection Moulding (SCORIM) to enhance the aesthetic characteristics of plastics was investigated. Unsightly surface weld lines were successfully removed from highly reflective aluminium flake pigmented plastics by the application of a single macroscopic SCORIM shear when used in series with Bright Surface Moulding (BSM). A gonio spectrophotometer (GSP) was used for the quantitative characterisation of the Al flake pigmented mouldings as a measure of surface reflectivity and preferred angle of reflection. The different directional properties of surface reflectivities to either side of a conventional weld line are unacceptable, but were successfully reoriented approximately uniformly with the use of SCORIM and BSM moulding (i. e. SBM) used in series. SBM therefore provided an acceptable quality of surface finish for mouldings originally containing a weld line, without deterioration of mechanical properties. Indeed, some improvements in mechanical properties were observed. Translucent two-colour mouldings were used to successfully demonstrate the flow paths taken by sheared material during the application of macroscopic shears. The use of intermittent shearing to encapsulate shear oriented material in the solidifying layers, manifested original and profound aesthetic effects. This resulted from mixing the two colours and was reproducible and widely variable. The morphology of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) processed in this way and examined by light and electron microscopy revealed how only one or two intermittent shears were required to orient a large volume of the moulding in the shear direction. Moreover, U-shaped flow paths demonstrated that the easiest shear route was close to the mouldings edges, an observation supported by x-ray analysis. The addition of Al flake pigment was found to act as a heterogeneous nucleant for ß-spherulites. This acted as a suitable marker for the clear identification of the displaced weld interface using polarised light microscopy, of filled and unfilled iPP. y-phase was identified with the use of only one or two intermittent shears which reflects an increase in molecular alignment and consequent improved mechanical properties. The intensity of the y-phase increased with the volume of material sheared. Strong evidence was also obtained of a linear relationship between the logarithm of the time lapse between two intermittent shears and the corresponding values of a-phase index, crystallinity index and percentage crystallinity. The values of each increasing proportionally with the length of time used. Microhardness characterisation revealed anisotropy within SCORIM samples consistent with preferred orientation and increased modulus in the shear direction. The skin layers were characterised as the softest region through the thickness of SCORIM mouldings. The results of this work were used to provide the basis of a computer simulation of the SCORIM process under development at the University of Wales Swansea.
29

Search for neutral bosons decaying into the fully hadronic di-tau final state with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Duschinger, Dirk 26 April 2019 (has links)
This thesis presents a search for neutral bosons, such as new Higgs and Z' bosons, predicted by theories extending the Standard Model of particle physics. The search is performed in the di-tau analysis channel, where both tau leptons decay hadronically. Promising candidates of such theories are the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the non-universal G(221) model, which predict large couplings to tau leptons in large regions of their parameter space. Proton–proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016, are analyzed for this search. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb^-1. This search relies on sophisticated algorithms for the reconstruction of hadronic tau decays from their decay products. This thesis presents a novel approach employing multivariate techniques to significantly improve existing algorithms, which became the default for reconstruction of hadronic tau decays in ATLAS since 2017. Additionally, the new method can provide useful information for subsequent tau identification algorithms. The MSSM extends the Higgs sector of the Standard Model by four additional Higgs bosons. Of particular interest for this thesis are the neutral CP-even H and CP-odd A bosons. The search for these bosons is performed in the mass range of 0.2 TeV to 2.25 TeV in two orthogonal categories depending on the number of identified b-quarks, each preferring one of the two considered production modes via gluon–gluon fusion or b-associated production. The data are in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction. Upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching fraction using a confidence level (CL) of 95 % independently for both production modes. Most stringent observed limits are found for a resonance mass of 1.5 TeV to be 4.94 fb and 3.65 fb for gluon–gluon fusion and b-associated production, respectively. The results are further interpreted in the hMSSM, mhmax and mhmod scenarios. Observed upper limits in the hMSSM scenario on tanβ are found to be between 4.6 at mA = 0.25 TeV and 41.4 at mA = 1.5 TeV. The search for additional Z' bosons is performed independently on the number of identified b-quarks in the mass range of 0.2 TeV to 4 TeV. As for the search for additional Higgs bosons no significant hint for new physics has been observed. 95 % CL observed upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching fraction for Z' bosons in the Sequential Standard Model (SSM) benchmark scenario between 20.5 pb at mZ' = 0.2 TeV and 7.74 fb at mZ' = 1.75 TeV. The observed upper limit for the highest considered mass of mZ' = 4 TeV is found to be 16 fb. Z' bosons in the SSM and the non-universal G(221) model are excluded at 95 % CL for masses below 2353 GeV and 2232 GeV, respectively.
30

Development and Application of the Boundary Singularity Method to the Problems of Hydrodynamic and Viscous Interaction.

Mikhaylenko, Maxim A. January 2015 (has links)
No description available.

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