Abstract available in the 9th Annual Coaches and Sport Science College .

The purpose of this study was to determine if concentric velocities of lighter loads of could be augmented if they are performed heavier working sets. Twelve trained males with experience in the barbell back squat performed a 5RM and completed two separate squat training session conditions that consisted of three sets of five repetitions with 85% of their 5RM. Both conditions differed in the placement of a reduced-load set that was either performed after the working sets or during the warm-up period. No significant differences were observed in the working set MCVs in both conditions. Additionally, no significant differences were observed amongst MCVs in the Down Set and equivalent warm-up set loads. The results of this study suggest that postactivation potentiation may not occur using a similar set-load scheme.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estimated absolute and relative squat strength and a static jump protocol with potential to provide desirable training adaptation data to practitioners in the field of collegiate strength and conditioning. Forty-one young (20.80 ± 2.44 years), healthy volunteers reported estimated back squat 1RM’s based on the most recent training block and completed a static jump protocol. Males (n=19, est. 1RM 141.29 ± 32.02kg) and female (n=22, est. 1RM 71.56 ± 19.64kg) jump data revealed large to very large correlations between squat strength, mean jump heights of jumps and other calculated variables.

Title: The Analysis of the Effect of Weightlifting Shoes and Bare Feet Lifting on the Performance Measures of Back Squat. Objectives: The main goal of this study was to compare speed, power, and depth of the back squat performed both barefoot and in weightlifting shoes using the training protocol 5 × 5 (5 sets with 5 reps) at 70 % one-repetition maximum (1RM). Methods: Ten elite, male participants (27 ± 3.54 years old, 93 ± 10.23 kg of body weight, 179.28 ± 8.54 cm of height) were involved and assessed for the purposes of the study. All participants' 1RM back squat was not lower than 1.5 times of their body weight and they all had many years of experience using weightlifting as a part of their athletic development. The assessment was carried out at the training adaptation lab of the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague (UK FTVS). Each participant followed the same training protocol during two sessions not less than 48 hours apart; the first one performed barefoot and the second one wearing the weightlifting shoes. Participants were asked to perform three repetitions, first with 20 % of their estimated 1RM, then with 40 % and 60 %, followed by two repetitions with 70 % and 80 % of their estimated 1RM to determine their...

Förmågan att generera kraft kan korrelera med individens prestationsförmåga i idrotter, sprint- och hoppträning kan gynna prestationsförmågan inom vissa idrotter. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka huruvida det fanns korrelation mellan prestation i 5RM knäböj med skivstång och enbenslängdhopp. Vidare undersöktes även hur 5RM relaterat till kroppsvikt påverkade hopplängd, skillnader mellan män och kvinnor och skillnad i hopplängd mellan dominant och ickedominant ben. Totalt 37 motionärer rekryterades, 15 kvinnor och 22 män (35 ± 11 år), alla var erfarna av knäböj med skivstång. Deltagarna fick efter uppvärmning utföra en maxprestation i horisontella enbenshopp, vila 8 minuter och hitta sitt 5 RM i knäböj. Resultatet visade på svag positiv, statistiskt signifikant korrelation mellan hopplängd och muskelstyrka mätt i 5 RM knäböj (r= 0,4 p<0,05), samt svag icke signifikant korrelation (r= 0,21, p>0,05) då hänsyn till kroppsvikt togs.  Män hoppade 310,2 ± 39,6 cm vilket var signifikant (p<0,05) längre än kvinnor som hoppade 266,3 ± 47,3 cm, mellan dominant och ickedominant ben visades ingen signifikant skillnad i hopplängd. Resultaten visade på ett signifikant svagt samband mellan 5 RM knäböjtest och enbenstest för hoppförmåga. Resultaten kan tolkas som att testen mäter olika fysiska förmågor dock har muskelstyrkan betydande inverkan på hoppförmågan. / The performance in sports may be determined by the ability to generate power. Sprinting and jumping in training can be beneficial to the athletes´ ability to perform explosive type of sports. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between single leg hop for distance and a) back squat strength, 5 Repetition Maximum and b) back squat 5 Repetition Maximum correlated to body weight. A secondary aim was to examine the hop performance of dominant and non-dominant leg between males and females. 37 recreational individuals participated in the study, 15 women and 22 men (35 ±11years), all subjects were used to squatting. After warm up, the subjects were told to make a single leg hop for max distance, (3 tries) rest 8 minutes before squatting up to a 5 RM back squat.  The results showed that there was a positive correlation between total jump length (right + left leg) and 5 RM max weight (r= 0,4 p<0,05) and a significant difference in total jump length between males and females (p<0,05) but no difference in jump length between dominant and non-dominant leg between the subjects. Participants´ familiarity of jumping activities may have influence the outcome of this study.

The purpose of this study was to compare differences in maximal strength, perceived recovery and stress state, and body composition alterations in powerlifters undergoing a 2-day or 4-day period of training cessation following a step taper. Ten participants completed a 6-week powerlifting specific training protocol. Body composition, perceived recovery and stress state, and maximal strength in the back squat (BS), bench press (BP), and deadlift (DL) were assessed prior to the overreach week (week 5) and either 2-days or 4-days after the taper. Alpha criterion was set at p≤0.05. There were statistically significant increases in BP (pp=0.03) following the 2-day protocol. Following the 4-day protocol, there were statistically significant increases in DL (p=0.03) and statistically significant decreases in BP (p=0.04). The results of this study support the use of shorter periods of training cessation (i.e., two days) following a step taper to improve maximal strength performance.

Prior to major competitions, athletes often use a peaking protocol such as tapering or training cessation to improve performance. The majority of the current literature has focused on endurance-based sports such as swimming, cycling, and running to better understand how and when to taper or use training cessation to achieve the desired performance outcome. However, evidence regarding peaking protocols for strength and power athletes is lacking. Current limitations for peaking maximal strength is that many studies do not provide sufficient details for practitioners to use. Thus, when working with athletes such as powerlifters, weightlifters, throwers, and strongman competitors, practitioners must use trial and error to determine the best means for peaking rather than using an evidence-based protocol. More specifically, determining how to peak maximal strength using data derived from strength and power athletes has not been established. While powerlifting training (i.e., back squat, bench press, deadlift) is used by strength and power athletes up until the final days prior to a competition, understanding how to peak maximal strength relative to powerlifting performance is still unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to review the literature on tapering and training cessation practices relative to peaking powerlifting performance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement in measuring back squat kinematics between an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a 3D motion capture system (3DMOCAP). Kinematic variables included concentric peak velocity (CPV), concentric mean velocity (CMV), eccentric peak velocity (EPV), eccentric mean velocity (EMV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and POP-100: a proprietary variable. Sixteen resistance-trained males performed an incrementally loaded one repetition maximum (1RM) squat protocol. A series of Pearson correlations, 2 × 4 RM ANOVA, Cohen's effect size differences, coefficient of variation (CV), and standard error of the estimate (SEE) were calculated. A large relationship existed for all variables between devices ( 0.78-0.95). Between-device agreement for CPV worsened beyond 60% 1RM. The remaining variables were in agreement between devices with trivial effect size differences and similar CV magnitudes. These results support the use of the IMU, regardless of relative intensity, when measuring EMV, EPV, MPV, and POP-100. However, practitioners should carefully select kinematic variables of interest when using the present IMU device for velocity-based training (VBT), as certain measurements (e.g., CMV, CPV) do not possess practically acceptable reliability or accuracy. Finally, the IMU device exhibited considerable practical data collection concerns, as one participant was completely excluded and 13% of the remaining attempts displayed obvious internal error.

No description available.

The purpose of this research note was to examine whether relationships existed between anthropometrics (body mass, body fat percentage [BF%], and femur length) and descriptive characteristics (age and sex) with repetitions performed to failure at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the back squat. Fifty-eight subjects (males = 43, females = 15; age: 23 +/- 3 years, training age: 5.5 +/- 2.5 years, body mass: 80.65 +/- 16.34 kg, BF%: 10.98 +/- 3.53%, and femur length: 47.1 +/- 2.6 cm) completed a 1RM squat followed by one set to failure at 70% of 1RM. Total repetitions performed at 70% of 1RM were 14 +/- 4 (range: 6-26). Bivariate correlations showed significant inverse relationships between body mass (r = -0.352, p = 0.003), BF% (r = -0.278, p = 0.014), and femur length (r = -0.265, p = 0.019), with repetitions performed. No significant relationships existed between age and sex (p > 0.05), with repetitions performed. All these variables entered into a standard multivariate regression. The model R2 was 0.200, and body mass had the largest influence (p = 0.057) because relative importance analysis demonstrated body mass to contribute to 43.87% of the variance (of the R2) in repetitions performed. No other variable was significant or approached significance (p > 0.05). Our results reveal that body mass, BF%, and femur length all are inversely related to repetitions performed at 70% of 1RM in the back squat.