O efeito combinado de bacteriocina produzida por Lacfobacillus sake 2ª e embalagem em atmosfera modificada sobre o controle de Lisferia monocytogenes F5069r em lingüiça frescal foi avaliado. A cepa L. sake 2a foi co-inoculada com L. monocytogenes F5069r (resistente a cloranfenicol e eritromicina) em lingüiça frescal. As lingüiças foram embaladas com ar, 100% CO2 ou 50%CO2/50%N2 e armazenadas a 6°C. A multiplicação de L. Monocytogenes F5069r e L. sake 2a foi monitorada durante 4 semanas em intervalos de 7 dias. A avaliação sensorial, por meio do teste triangular, foi realizada após 5 e 11 dias, os quais foram estipulados de acordo com a vida-de-prateleira do produto. Após 28 dias de estocagem, a população de L. monocytogenes nas amostras inoculadas com L. sake 2a e embaladas com atmosfera modificada foi 6.4 ciclos logarítmicos menor que no controle sem a bactéria lática e embalado em ar. No entanto, a influência da atmosfera modificada sobre as características sensoriais do produto foram detectáveis após cinco dias de estocagem, independente da adição de L. sake 2a. Ao final da primeira semana, a influência de L. sake 2a sobre L. monocytogenes foi menos importante (redução de 0,4 log, não significante) que a influência da embalagem em atmosfera modificada (redução de 1,4 log, significante). No décimo primeiro dia, nenhuma diferença sensorial foi encontrada entre as amostras com e sem L. sake 2a embaladas em atmosfera modificada. Após 14 dias, a população de L. monocyfogenes nas amostras com L. sake 2ª embaladas em atmosfera modificada foi 3,5 log menor que no controle sem a bactéria lática e embalado em ar. Os resultados sugerem que o uso combinado de atmosfera modificada e bacteriocina produzida por L. sake 2a apresenta um efeito sinergístico sobre o controle de L. monocytogenes F5069r em lingüiça frescal refrigerada. / Lactobacillus sake 2a is a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from \"lingüiça frescal\", a Brazilian sausage. The combined effect of modified-atmosphere packaging and addition of L. sake 2a on inhibition of L. monocyfogenes in \"lingüiça\" was evaluated. Samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes and/or L. sake 2a, packed with oxygen-permeable film, 100%CO2 or 50%CO2+50%N2 and stored at 6°C. Microbial counts were performed weekly. Sensorial evaluation (triangle tests with 16 subjects) was performed after 5 and 11 days (shelf-life). After the fourth week, L. monocytogenes population in samples packed with modified atmosphere containing L. sake 2a was 6.4 log lower than in samples without any treatment. However, the influence of the modified atmosphere on the sensorial characteristics of the product was already detectable on the fifth day (a risk of 5%), regardless the addition of L. sake 2a. By the end of the first week, the influence of L. sake 2a on the inhibition of L. Monocytogenes was less important (reduction of 0.4 log, non significant) than the influence of the packaging (reduction of 1.4 log, significant). On the 11th day, no significant sensorial difference was found between the samples with and without L. sake 2a packed with modified atmosphere. By the end of the second week, L.monocytogenes counts in samples packed with modified atmosphere containing L. sake 2a were 3.5 log lower than counts in samples without any treatment. Combination of results suggests that modified atmosphere and L. sake 2a act synergistically on inhibition of L. monocytogenes in \"lingüiça frescal\".

The sixty-eight strains isolated from breastfed full-term infant feces and from another sources were identified using genus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Lactobacillus, species-specific PCRs, multiplex PCR, pheS PCR, rep-PCR, RAPD-PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing into Lactobacillus species or group of species. Seven strains produced antimicrobial proteinaceous substances in the supernatants. Antimicrobial proteinaceous substances of three strains were tested on temperature, pH a detergent stability. All tested strains produced temperature-stable antimicrobial proteinaceous substances. Antimicrobial activity was not influenced by detergents with exception of SDS. Presence of genes for production of bacteriocins (acidocin B, gassericin A, gassericin T, gassericin K7A and gassericin K7B) were detected in DNA of fourteen strains using PCR and DNA/DNA hybridization. Selected PCR products were sequenced and analyzed using BLAST algorithm and CLUSTAL W2 programme. The sequences of specific PCR products in DNA of two strains had 100% similarity with the sequences from the database GeneBank. Selected strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus group were tested for the surveillance in gastrointestinal tract, for the production of antimicrobial substances, for the adhesion on Caco-2 cells and for the presence of genes of antibiotic resistance. DNA of strains was tested using specific primers on the presence of genes for histidine-decarboxylase, tyrosine-decyrboxylase and linoleate isomerase. The gene for histidine-decarboxylase production was detected in DNA of seven strains, for tyrosine-decarboxylase production in DNA of one strain and for linoleate isomerase in DNA of four strains. Imunomagnetic separation of the cells was optimized. Magnetic particles functionalized with streptavidin and the anti-Lactobacillus antidote was used for the separation of the cells of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK 0900 from MRS medium, UHT milk and from the yogurt. The IMS-PCR was used for detection of imunomagnetic separated bacterial cells.

No description available.

Seafood permits the transmission of many bacterial pathogens. In order to reconcile consumer demands with important safety standards, traditional means of regulating microbial spoilage and safety hazards in foods are combined with novel technologies. These include biological antimicrobial systems, such as the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and/or their bacteriocins, such as Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CS526 and its bacteriocin piscicocin CS526. The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in temperate seafood, namely fresh and smoked salmon, fresh and smoked haddock, and fresh mussels and oysters. Additionally, there was an aim to recover, characterise and use bacteriocin-like-substance to control Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked haddock. Vibrio spp., Enterobacteriaceae representatives, total aerobic heterotrophic counts and Listeria monocytogenes were isolated from commercially prepared smoked and fresh Atlantic salmon, smoked and fresh haddock, live mussels and oysters using selective media and tryptone soya agar (TSA). Vibrio spp. occurred in high densities (>106 CFU gˉ1) in mussels and Enterobacteriaceae representatives were recorded at >106 CFU gˉ1 in fresh salmon. Total aerobic heterotrophic counts in fresh salmon, live mussels and oysters reached 107, > 107, and > 106 CFU gˉ1, respectively. Listeria monocytogenes was recorded at 5.0 x 104 CFU gˉ1 in mussels. In total sixty one bacterial isolates were recovered from the seafood examined. The results revealed 19 genera of bacteria, i.e. Acinetobacter, Aerococcus, Aeromonas, Bacillus, Brochothrix, Carnobacterium, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Serratia, Shewanella, Staphylococcus, Vibrio and Listeria. The prominent characteristics of fish spoilage isolates were demonstrated by the ability of the isolates to reduce trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine, and to produce H₂S. Sh. baltica OS185, Aeromonas spp. HB-6, Sh. baltica, Sh. putrefaciens, A. hydrophila HX201006-3, A. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, A. hydrophila, C. freundii, Enterobacter cloacae were strong producers of TMA and H₂S. The spoilage microorganisms were tested for potential pathogenicity. The result revealed that 6/15 of the spoilage microorganisms produced proteolytic, lecithinase, blood (β and α haemolysin) and elastinase activity, respectively, whereas 7/15 of the spoilage microorganisms showed lipolytic activity. Cell free supernatants, ammonium sulphate precipitated supernatants and semi-purified bacteriocin-like substances of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum MMF-32 and KOPRI 25789 producing strains isolated from commercially prepared smoked salmon were investigated for their potential antimicrobial activity against potentially pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms. Generally, a broad spectrum of activity was revealed against potentially pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms in vitro. Cold-smoked haddock treated with bacteriocin producing C. maltaromaticum MMF-32, C. piscicola A9b bacˉ phenotype nonbacteriocin producing strain a mutant of C. piscicola A9b bac+, cell free supernatants, ammonium sulphate precipitated supernatants and semi-purified bacteriocin-like substances was challenged with L. monocytogenes ATCC 19114 up to 103 CFU gˉ1, respectively. Samples were stored at 4 °C for 10 days. L. monocytogenes and total bacterial counts were determined along with changes in total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and biogenic amines production as well as texture, colour and odour. Although the study on anti-listerial effects of C. maltaromaticum MMF-32 was not successful, this organism did have a positive effect on retention of firmness and sensory perception in cold smoked haddock.

Antimicrobial substances, or bacteriocins are substances produced by probiotic lactic acid bacteria. They have a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and are especially suitable for the food, but also the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the thesis was the molecular identification of lactic acid bacteria of the Lactobacillus genus, species and their subsequent inclusion PCR method. Using the PCR method were tested also genes responsible for the production of bacteriocins. To confirm the production of bacteriocins has been selected the microbiological method, agarose droplet spot-test. In the present study also included the bioinformatics part to assess the specificity and non-specificity of the primers using in Primer-BLAST program.

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 10 samples of the traditionally fermented foods (5 samples of Vietnamese fermented pork roll and 5 samples of the salted field cabbage) and 5 samples of fresh cow milks collected from households in Vietnam. 22 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated for inhibition to Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149. Of these, only 2 strains including DC1.8 and NC1.2 have rod shape, the others have coccus shape. 7 strains showing higher antibacterial activity were selected for checking spectrum of antibacteria with indicator bacteria consistting of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecium JCM 5804 and Staphylococcus aureus TLU. By which, 3 strains including NC3.5 (from Vietnamese fermented pork roll), DC1.8 (from salted field cabbage) and MC3.19 (from fresh cow milk) were selected because of their higher antibacterial ability. However, the antibacterial activity of the lactic acid bacteria can be based on their disposable compounds and some other antibacterial compounds produced during their growth (such as lactic acid, H2O2, bacteriocins, etc.). For seeking lactic acid bacteria with capability of producing bacteriocins, antibacterial compounds with protein nature, 3 above strains were checked sensitiveness to proteases (including protease K, papain, α – chymotrypsin and trypsin). Because bacteriocins are proteinaceous antibacterial compounds, so their antibacterial activity will be reduced if proteases are added. The result showed DC1.8 and MC3.19 were capable of producing bacteriocin during culture process. They were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactococcus lactis and classified, respectively, based on analysis chemical characterisitcs by standard API 50 CHL kit and phylogeny relationship by 16s rRNA sequences. / Các chủng vi khuẩn lactic được phân lập từ 10 mẫu thực phẩm lên men truyền thống (5 mẫu nem chua, 5 mẫu dưa cải bẹ muối) và 5 mẫu sữa bò tươi được thu thập từ các hộ gia đình ở Việt Nam. 22 chủng vi khuẩn lactic đã được phân lập với tiêu chí có khả năng kháng lại vi khuẩn kiểm định Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149. Trong số đó, 2 chủng DC1.8 và NC1.2 có tế bào hình que, các chủng còn lại có tế bào hình cầu. 7 chủng thể hiện hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao được lựa chọn để xác định phổ kháng khuẩn rộng hơn với ba loài vi khuẩn kiểm định Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Enterococcus faecium JCM 5804 và Staphylococcus aureus TLU. Từ đó lựa chọn được 3 chủng có hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao hơn hẳn. Các chủng này gồm NC3.5 phân lập từ nem chua, DC1.8 phân lập từ dưa cải bẹ muối và MC3.19 phân lập từ sữa bò tươi. Tuy nhiên, hoạt tính kháng khuẩn của vi khuẩn lactic bao gồm những hợp chất nội tại có trong nó và cả những hợp chất được sinh ra trong quá trình phát triển của nó (như axit lactic, H2O2, bacteriocin, …). Với định hướng tìm chủng vi khuẩn lactic có khả năng sinh bacteriocin, chất kháng khuẩn có bản chất protein, 3 chủng trên được kiểm tra độ nhạy cảm với các protease (gồm protease K, papain, α – chymotrypsin và trypsin). Do bacteriocin là chất kháng khuẩn có bản chất protein nên hoạt tính kháng khuẩn của chúng sẽ bị giảm nếu protease được bổ xung vào. Kết quả lựa chọn được chủng DC1.8 và MC3.19 có khả năng sinh bacteriocin. Hai chủng này được phân loại đến loài nhờ vào phân tích đặc điểm sinh hóa bằng kit API 50 CHL và mối quan hệ di truyền thông qua trình tự gen 16s rRNA. Kết quả phân loại đã xác định chủng DC1.8 thuộc loài Lactobacillus acidophilus và chủng MC3.19 thuộc loài Lactococcus lactis.

Une recherche de souches bactériennes lactiques productrices de bactériocine a été entreprise à partir daliments traditionnels dorigine sénégalaise et les souches les plus actives ont été mises en uvre comme barrière en supplément du sel (NaCl) contre la croissance de la flore contaminante de différents poissons maigre [sompat (Pomadasys jubelini)], moyennement gras [capitaine (Polydactylus quadrifilis)], et gras [mâchoiron (Arius heudeloti)] de production artisanale au Sénégal. La prévalence des bactéries lactiques a été déterminée à 109 UFC/(g ou ml) dans les produits fermentés traditionnels à base de céréale et de lait, et 103 UFC/g dans les produits de la pêche fermentés. Douze souches bactériennes à activité inhibitrice de type bactériocine ont été détectées au sein de 220 souches de bactéries lactiques isolées de 32 échantillons de ces différents types de produits. Les 11 souches ont été caractérisées (API 50 CH, 16S rDNA) comme étant des souches de Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis qui portent le gène codant pour la nisine, la souche restante est une souche dEnterococcus faecium et possède le gène codant pour lEntérocine B. Les deux souches, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CWBI-B1410, isolée de farine de mil fermentée et productrice de nisine, et la souche Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI-B28 provenant de la collection du CWBI de la FUSAGx, produisant trois bactériocines de type curvalicine 28a, b et c, ont été mises en uvre en combinaison avec du sel comme barrière contre la croissance de la flore contaminante dans les poissons. La flore totale dans les poissons de production artisanale atteingnait 5,70 log UFC/g. La transformation des poissons par fermentation naturelle à 30°C (sans traitement préalable : procédé traditionnel), entraîne une prolifération de bactéries Gram-négatives comme Proteus sp, Shewanella putrefaciens et des souches de Bacillus sp qui atteignent 109-10 UFC/g en moins de 24 h dans les produits. Lutilisation de CWBI-B1410 (107 UFC/g) comme ferment avec ajout de glucose (1% m/m) dans les filets, entraîne une production in situ de substances antagonistes (acides organiques et bactériocine). Il en résulte une réduction du niveau de la flore contaminante entérique de 2 (P. quadrifilis) et de 4 (P. jubelini) log UFC/g par rapport aux poissons préparés traditionnellement. Lajout de sel dans des produits ainsi fermentés réduit la flore entérique. Laddition des surnageants de culture neutralisés (pH 6) bactéricides issus de CWBI-B1410 ou de CWBI-B28 en combinaison avec du chlorure de sodium (0,14 g/ml) sur les filets crus (100 ml/100 g) incubés à 10°C réduit le niveau de la contamination bactérienne de 1,5 log UFC/g et retarde laugmentation de la flore qui reste à un niveau < 106 UFC/g pendant 13 à 18 jours dincubation à 10°C selon le type de poisson, alors que pour les filets contrôles, traités avec des surnageants de culture neutralisés de souches non productrices de bactériocines (Lactobacillus curvatus LMG 21688 et Lactococcus lactis LMG 6890) salés (NaCl 0,14 g/ml), la flore contaminante dépasse 106 UFC/g au bout de 3 à 7 jours. Les effets antibactériens des surnageants de cultures neutralisés bactéricides et salés (NaCl 0,14 g/ml), sont par ailleurs, plus importants que ceux dune solution salée (NaCl 0,14 g/ml) supplémentée de sels de benzoate et de sorbate en concentration de 0,5 mg/ml chacun sur les poissons riches en lipides. Ces résultats suggèrent que, la combinaison des effets antibactériens des bactéries lactiques productrices de bactériocines et du sel, plus particulièrement lutilisation de SCN salés, comme préservatifs, peut constituer un moyen approprié damélioration de la conservation et de la qualité microbiologique des produits de la pêche artisanale au Sénégal. Le traitement des poissons selon lune ou lautre des stratégies décrites précédemment, combiné à un système de séchage devrait permettre de produire des produits halieutiques traditionnels de meilleures qualités microbiologiques et de durée de conservation plus longue, justifiant limportance de continuer cette étude sur lamélioration de la productivité de bactériocine par CWBI-B1410, et les impacts des nouveaux traitements sur les qualités organoleptiques et nutritionelles des produits. A screening of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from Senegalese traditional food products was undertaken and the most active strains were tested in combination with sodium chloride as barrier to control spoilage bacteria growth on different artisanal fish products [lean sumpat grunt (Pomadasys jubelini), moderarely fat giant African threadfin (Polydactylus quadrifilis) and fat smoothmouth sea catfish (Arius heudeloti)] in Senegal. The prevalence of lactic acid bacteria was determined at 109 CFU/(g or ml) in traditional fermented cereals and fermented milk products, and 103 CFU/g in fermented seafood products. Twelve bacteriocin-producing strains were detected of 220 lactic acid bacteria strains randomly selected from such products. The eleven were characterized (API 50CH and 16S rDNA) as Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis strains and contain gene encoding nisin, and the remaining one an Enterococcus faecium strain which contains gene encoding Enterocin B. Two strains, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CWBI-B1410, a nisin producer isolated from fermented millet flour from Senegal, and Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI B28 which produces three bacteriocins (Curvalicin 28a, b et c) from CWBI collection, were tested in combination with sodium chloride as barrier to control spoilage bacteria growth on fish from artisanal production. The total bacterial counts of fishes reached 5.7 log CFU/g. The processing of such products by natural fermentation at 30°C (without any preliminary treatment as in traditional process) result in proliferation of Gram-negative bacteria such as Proteus sp and Shewanella putrefaciens, and some Bacillus sp strains, which reached 109-10 CFU/g in products within less than 24 h of incubation. When using CWBI-B1410 living culture (107 CFU/g) with glucose (1% wt/wt) supplementation as barrier against bacterial growth in fishes, a depression of the pH as well as a bacteriocin-like activity were noted, resulting in a decrease of the Gram negative strains counts of 4 log CFU/g (P. jubelini) and 2 log CFU/g (P. quadrifilis) in comparison to fishes prepared in using traditional process. The addition of salt in such fermented products reinforced the antimicrobial effect by CWBI-B1410 strain. The addition of neutralized (pH 6) culture supernatants of CWBI-B1410 or CWBI-B28 strains in combination with sodium chloride (0.14 g/ml) as preservatives on fishes (100 ml/100 g) incubated at 10°C, declined the level of total bacterial counts of 1.5 log CFU/g within 48 h, and delayed the increase of bacteria number in fishes: bacterial counts remained under 106 CFU/g for 13 to 18 days of storage at 10°C following the fish, whereas they were over 106 CFU/g after 3 to 7 days fish storage at 10°C in controls, treated with salted (NaCl 0.14 g/ml) neutralized (pH 6) culture supernatants of non-bacteriocin producers (Lactococcus lactis LMG 6890 and Lactobacillus curvatus LMG 216888). The antimicrobial effects by salted neutralized culture supernatants of the bacteriocin producers were higher to those of salted solution (NaCl 0.14 g/ml) supplemented with benzoate and sorbate acid salts each at concentration of 0.5 mg/ml on the moderate and fat fishes. These data suggest that the use of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria in combination with sodium chloride as described above, particularly the use of salted bactericidal culture supernatant, as preservatives, can be a suitable strategy to enhance the storage and the bacterial quality of traditional fish products in Senegal. The treatment of fishes in using one of the strategies as described above combined with a drying process could permit production of seafood commodities with higher bacterial quality and time of storage, justifying to continue this investigation on the enhancement of the bacteriocin-productivity by CWBI-B1410, and the evaluation of the effects of the new treatments on the organaoleptic and nutritional quality of products.