Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-07-24T18:08:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1037 bytes, checksum: 996f8b5afe3136b76594f43bfda24c5e (MD5) RAFAELA FABER DE CAMPOS.pdf: 3462807 bytes, checksum: 7d5b40498bba51c7d7e5694876f08985 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T18:08:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1037 bytes, checksum: 996f8b5afe3136b76594f43bfda24c5e (MD5) RAFAELA FABER DE CAMPOS.pdf: 3462807 bytes, checksum: 7d5b40498bba51c7d7e5694876f08985 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A biomassa sempre foi uma fonte de energia utilizada pelo homem, antes mesmo da utilização de petróleo e gás natural. Porém nos últimos anos com a necessidade de mitigação das mudanças climáticas e, com o aumento da demanda mundial por energias alternativas, além da energia solar, eólica e hidrelétrica, uma delas é a utilização de biomassa vegetal. Este tipo de energia representa 10% do fornecimento mundial. A maior parte desta biomassa ainda é proveniente de florestas nativas, chamada de “biomassa tradicional”, causando impacto, de certa forma, ao meio ambiente. Entretanto, a utilização do bambu como biomassa para geração de energia torna-se uma alternativa sustentável e interessante, pois dentre suas várias características, destaca-se sua facilidade de propagação. Desta forma, o objetivo, do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial energético de quatro espécies de bambu, in natura e em forma de carvão. As espécies selecionadas foram Phyllostachys aurea A. C. Rivière (bambu dourado), Chusquea gracilis McClure & Smith (criciúma), Chusquea mimosa McClure & Smith (caratuva) e Merostachys multiramea Hackel (taquara lixa), do município de São Mateus do Sul, PR. As espécies de bambu foram avaliadas quanto ao teor de umidade, massa específica, composição química imediata, rendimento gravimétrico em carvão e ao poder calorífico superior. A espécie Phyllostachys aurea in natura apresentou poder calorífico superior de 18,91 MJ kg-1 e teor de cinzas de 0,49%. O carvão, 25,05 MJ kg-1 e 1,24%, respectivamente. Os valores de teor de cinzas para as biomassas in natura das espécies Merostachys multiramea, Chusquea gracilis e Chusquea mimosa, foram de 3,95%, 2,76% e 4,90% e, carbonizadas ficaram com valor de 5,43%, 6,43% e 7,93%, respectivamente. O poder calorifico superior da espécie C. mimosa foi de 25,55 MJ kg-1, mas devido a grande geração de cinzas após queima e massa específica de 0,20 g cm-3 in natura e de 0,10 g cm-3 do carvão, talvez sejam características mais interessantes para utilização como carvão ativado. A massa específica do Phyllostachys aurea foi de 0,63 g cm-3 in natura e 0,41 g cm-3, carbonizada. O alto teor de cinzas das espécies pode estar relacionado aos teores de constituintes minerais presentes no vegetal. Apesar disso, todas as espécies apresentaram características favoráveis para a utilização com fins energéticos, mas a espécie Phyllostachys aurea foi a que se apresentou mais semelhante às características apresentadas pela madeira de eucalipto, comumente utilizada para este fim. / Biomass has always been an energy source utilized by humans, even before, the use of oil and natural gas. However, in the last couple of years, the need to mitigate climate change and the global demand increase for alternative fuel, besides Solar, Eolic and Hydro energies, one of them is the use of vegetal biomass. Such energy represents 10% of the world supply. Most of this biomass still comes from native forests and it’s called “traditional biomass”, causing great impact, in some way, to the environment. On the other hand, the use of bamboo as biomass for the generation of energy becomes a sustainable and interesting alternative, because among its characteristics, it’s spread ease is highlighted. In this sense, the goal of the present research, is to analyze the energy potential of four bamboo species, in natura and in charcoal form. The selected species were Phyllostachys aurea A.C. Rivière (golden bamboo), Chusquea gracilis McClure & Smith (criciúma), Chusquea mimosa McClure & Smith (caratuva) and Merostachys multiramea Hackel (sandpaper taquara), from the city of São Mateus do Sul, PR. The bamboo species were evaluated according to their moisture rate, specific mass, immediate chemical composition, coal gravimetric yield and superior calorific value. The Phyllostachys aurea species in natura presented superior calorific value of 18.91 MJ kg -1 and ash rate of 0.49%. The coal presented 25.05 MJ kg -1 and 1.24%, respectively. The ash rate value for Merostachys multiramea, Chusquea gracilis e Chusquea mimosa were 3.95%, 2.76% e 4.90%, whereas carbonized they were 5.43%, 6.43% e 7.93%, respectivey. The C. mimosa species’ superior calorific value was 25.55 MJ kg-1 but due to great ash generation after the burn and specific mass of 0.20 g cm-3 in natura and 0.10 g cm-3 in coal, may be better characteristics for activated charcoal use. Phyllostachys aurea’s specific mass was 0.63 g cm-3 in natura and 0.41 g cm-3 carbonized. The species’ high ash rate may be related to the mineral constituent rate present in the plant. In spite of that, all species presented favorable characteristics to use for energetic purposes, but the Phyllostachys aurea species was the one which presented itself more similar to those characteristics presented by eucapiltus wood, commonly used for this purpose.

In recent times sustainability is a leading characteristic of textile fashion products. Textile fashion companies are focusing more on sustainable products these days, so that they can meet the environmental and social aspects. For getting competitive advantage in fashion business the companies have to take care of social, political and economical issues, and they must be aware of current trends of the market. Sustainable fibres provide solution for the companies facing issues regarding environmental problems; these fibres are also favorable to meet the market demands of quality products these days. The main objective of this report is to use the sustainable materials in fashion garments; the report contains rich information about two natural sustainable fibres (organic cotton and Bamboo), that describes the brief history, biography, development, processing, application and uses of these fibres. This report briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of these fibres and underlines the usage of these fibres by famous designers, and by many top brands and fashion companies for their competitive advantage and brand image. The report highlights the potentials of using these materials in textile fashion products and describes that high fashion and quality products can be made by these products to guarantee the environmental and social standards / Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management

A proposta deste estudo é demonstrar a possibilidade de utilização do bambu, como material construtivo, na arquitetura contem porânea. Com intuito de referenciá-las, pauta-se em alguns exemplos, compreendidos entre 1995 e 2014, no Brasil e no exterior, abordando aspectos técnicos específicos inerentes à sua aplicação e traçando um panorama atual do seu emprego. O critério de seleção, das obras apresentadas, deu-se em função da relevância do papel estrutural desempenhado pelo bambu. A pesquisa concentrou-se, principalmente, na produção arquitetônica no Brasil, com enfoque às obras presentes, e visitadas, no Estado de São Paulo. Também foram abordadas obras, no Brasil, não visitadas, mas cujas contribuições são significativas em relação ao emprego do bambu. Os exemplos internacionais selecionados, referenciam a produção contemporânea, demonstrando as diferentes formas de aplicação deste material, intrínsecas às culturas e contextos aos quais estão inseridos, procurando traçar um panorama atual de seu uso e possíveis desdobramentos. Pretende-se, com este estudo, contribuir com a divulgação e disseminação das possibilidades de utilização do bambu, colaborando com a mudança de paradigma em relação ao seu emprego na arquitetura e, com isso, delinear a contribuição do bambu para a construção da arquitetura contemporânea. / The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the possibility of using bamboo as a building material, in contemporary architecture. Seeking to reference them, is guided in some instances, between 1995 and 2014, in Brazil and abroad, addressing specific technical aspects of its implementation and drawing a current overview of their employment. The selection criteria, of the buildings presented, took place in function of the relevance of the structural role of bamboo. The research focused mainly on the architectural production in Brazil, with a focus in buildings, that were visited the State of São Paulo. Were also dealt buildings in Brazil, not visited but whose contributions are significant in relations to the bamboo employmen t. The selected international examples, refer to contemporary production, demonstrating the different forms of application of this material, inherent in cultures and contexts to which they belong, looking out a current view of their use and possible developments. The intention of this study is contribute to the disclosure and dissemination of bamboo usage possibilities, collaborating with the paradigm shift in relation to its use in architecture and, therefore, outline the bamboo contribution to the building of contemporary architecture.

O bambu e uma graminea lenhosa, renovavel, perene e com boa produtividade de biomassa por hectare. Pode ser cultivada praticamente em todo o territorio brasileiro, que esta quase todo localizado em regioes tropicais e chuvosas, oferecendo excelentes condicoes para a producao e o uso energetico da biomassa de bambu em larga escala. O setor de papel e celulose apresenta boas perspectivas na producao de papel de fibras longas utilizando bambu, no entanto, apenas duas empresas brasileiras utilizam esse tipo de biomassa em grande escala no Brasil: O Grupo Penha queima o bambu em caldeira e utiliza o vapor no processo de reciclagem de papel e O Grupo Joao Santos utiliza a biomassa como materia prima na fabricacao de papel e celulose. No entanto, em ambos os casos a biomassa nao e utilizada em sistema de cogeracao de eletricidade, considerada uma tecnologia eficiente de conversao. O objetivo dessa tese e estudar os aspetos tecnicos, economicos e ambientais da implantacao de um sistema de cogeracao de eletricidade utilizando biomassa de bambu. Sao estudadas as caracteristicas agronomicas e as particularidades da implantacao de cultivos comerciais de bambu voltado a fins energeticos. Visando determinar o Poder Calorifico (PCS) de cinco diferentes especies consideradas adaptadas ao clima brasileiro e conhecidas como boas produtoras de biomassa por hectare, foram realizado ensaios em laboratorio empregando a bomba calorimetrica, possibilitando identificar variacoes do poder calorifico entre as especies estudadas. Considerando o dado referente aos processos das empresas e pesquisa em literatura, os resultados apontam que e tecnicamente possivel cogerar eletricidade de modo eficiente, queimando 17 toneladas de bambu por hora e gerar 3.5 MW. No entanto, o sistema nao apresenta viabilidade economica em funcao do modelo de atual adotado pelas empresas no manejo de seus cultivos. Em relacao aos aspectos ambientais, por ser uma planta perene, capaz de produzir biomassa anualmente sem replantio, pode ser uma excelente opcao para estocar carbono. / Bamboo is a grass, woody perennial with good biomass productivity per hectare. Bamboo can be grown virtually anywhere in the Brazilian territory and almost all existing plantations are located in tropical and rainy areas, offering excellent conditions for the production and use of biomass energy in large scale. Two Brazilian companies already utilize bamboo biomass in large scale in Brazil. The Penha Group, in Bahia, burns bamboo in boilers and uses the steam in the process for recycling paper. Joao Santos Group uses bamboo as raw material in the manufacture of pulp and paper. However in any case there is the use of this biomass for energy cogeneration, which is the most efficient technology for energy conversion. Therefore, this thesis analyses the use of bamboo as fuel for electricity cogeneration in Brazil considering the technical aspects, as well as the corresponding economic and environmental system deployment. Also, to study the development of the productive chain of bamboo in large scale in Brazil, specifically targeted for energy purposes, this paper presents the survey of data concerning the different production systems adopted by companies, both in the cultivation and processing of biomass. Based in these results it is analyzed an efficient cogeneration system using bamboo as fuel on large scale. Obtained results show that the power to be produced in an efficient cogeneration system (60 bar, 490 oC), from 17 tones of bamboo per hour, is 3,5 MW but, with the existing bamboo production models, there is no economic feasibility, as discussed in the paper. Regarding environmental aspects, it must be noted that the bamboo is as perennial plant, able to produce biomass annually without replanting, and so appears to be an excellent carbon sink.

Orientador: Ivaldo De Domenico Valarelli / Banca: Marco Antonio dos Reis Pereira / Banca: José Carlos Placido da Silva / Banca: Ramsés da Silva Bastos / Banca: Paula Valéria Coiado Chamma / Resumo: A utilização dos painéis com partículas orientadas vem crescendo nas últimas décadas em virtude das excelentes características físicas e mecânicas, facilidade no uso e aplicação na construção civil. Paralelamente a fabricação desses produtos não atendem completamente aos requisitos ambientais. Com o intuito de minimizar os efeitos causados principalmente ao meio ambiente a tese teve como objetivo obter painéis para fins não estruturais para o uso interno em condições secas. Foram produzidos painéis do tipo OSB com partículas finas e compridas para a avaliação das características físicas e mecânicas segundo o documento normativo ABNT 14810- 2013 para painéis de média densidade. Para a fabricação dos painéis decidiu-se pelo uso do bambu como uma matéria prima natural renovável com colmos da espécie Bambusa vulgaris, definidos por conta da facilidade de adaptação e reprodução em solos brasileiros. Para a conformação do painel utilizou-se adesivo à base de mamona bi componente, com a vantagem de ser uma resina com alto percentual ecológico. Utilizou-se a coloração para a atribuição de cor nos painéis a partir do processo de tingimento com pigmento natural do urucum e tratamento térmico das partículas a 180° e 200° C em estufa climatizada. Observou-se um ótimo desempenho para os testes físicos na determinação para a umidade, teor de umidade, inchamento após 24 horas e na densidade com a média em torno de 0,74g/cm³. Para os testes mecânicos na determinação da flexão estática e no m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The use of oriented strand boards has been increasing in recent decades due to the excellent physical and mechanical characteristics, ease of use and application in civil construction. At the same time the manufacture of those products does not completely meet the environmental requirements. In order to minimize the main effects caused to the environment the thesis aimed to obtain panels for non-structural purposes for indoor use in dry conditions. OSB panels with fine and long particles were produced for the evaluation of physical and mechanical characteristics according to the ABNT 14810- 2013 normative document for medium density panels. For the manufacture of the panels it was decided to use bamboo as a renewable natural raw material with culms of Bambusa vulgaris species. They were defined because of the ease of adaptation and reproduction in Brazilian soil. For the conformation of the panel it was used a two-component castor-based adhesive, with the advantage of being a resin with high ecological percentage. Staining was used for color assignment in the panels by the dyeing process with natural annatto pigment and heat treatment of the particles at 180°C and 200°C in a climate oven. Optimum performance was observed for physical tests in the determination for moisture, moisture content, swelling after 24 hours and density with the average around 0.74g / cm³. For the mechanical tests in the determination of the static bending and the modulus of elasticity the results demo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

This study is a case study on promotion of ¡§2009 Green Bamboo Shoots Festival in Haifeng¡¨ hosted by Pingtung City Office. The main emphasis is to explore what resources, marketing strategies, limitations & difficulties as well as the effect that Pingtung City Office, a preliminary administrative agency, experienced when it promoted local products. By means of documentary analysis, questionnaires, and interviews, this study analyzed data and makes suggestion as well as conclusion as follows: Conclusion: (1) This festival was hosted by administrative agency. It was a bureaucratic top -bottom decision-making model which is conducted by governmental budget arrangement and the official authority involvement. Furthermore, related manufacturers, civil representatives, Lee chiefs, bamboo farmers all participated in this event. As a result, the resources were integrated leading to powerful mobility and promotion which was beneficial to activities and product promotion. (2) Five indicators include reputation (exposure to medium), civil participation and satisfaction, sale volume, sale channel and cultural creativity event. According to the survey, the level of civil participation and satisfaction is fairly high, and the level of exposure to medium, sale volume, and sale channel is increasing, yet no indication of cultural creativity events concerning locals. (3) Pingtung City Office, the host for ¡§Green Bamboo Shoots Festival in Haifeng¡¨, shall invite more community development associations, local institutes & organizations so that a sense of union can foster with a view to more participation of locals for local affairs. Findings¡G (1)Most people knew this event through traditional flyers and banners¡Fthe next medium were TV and paper. Therefore, flyers and banners led to the best advertisement which effectively attracted senior locals. (2)Nearly 90% of participants indicate their satisfaction, but the majority of participants are the senior homemakers in the neighborhood. The tourism benefit and promotion effect are limited. (3)Produce promotion classes fail to integrate farmers, green bamboo shoot production & promotion as well planting and skill management due to cause of personnel and benefit. Consequently, it influences popularity of improving produce technique and future promotion. Suggestions: (1) Civil participation is essential for any official promotion events. According to this case study, it is important to strengthen active civil participation in order to lift promotion effect. (2) Produce promotion classes is one of factors affecting produce promotion. For this case, the integration of farmers, green bamboo shoot production & promotion as well planting and skill management fail to function well as a result of conflict between personnel and benefit. Such situation affects produce promotion and the preliminary administrative agency is obligated to help them. (3) Based on the questionnaire results, the most effective medium are flyers and banners followed by TV and paper which are related to senior locals. It is suggested that future promotion shall focus on national medium and attract more outsiders to visit Pingtung and Haifeng.

This research studies the properties of self-compacting concrete by applying bamboo-charcoal to improve the fresh concrete property, physical property and micro-scale property.Conventionally, the Pozzolanic materials used in the self-compacting concrete are fly ash and slag. They are used to replace part of the cement such that the flowing property and compacting property can reach the requirement of the self-compacting concrete. According to previous research the bamboo-charcoal can absorb part of water, and enhance the early strength of concrete. In this study, we use bamboo-charcoal to replace parts of the fine-aggregate in the mixture of self-compacting concrete. The replacement ratio is designed as 0‰,2‰,3‰,3.5‰,4‰ and 5‰. From the experimental test of fresh concrete property, we can evaluate whether the concrete mix design can achieve the requirements of self-compacting concrete. Test for the compressive strength development, water absorption and rapid chloride penetration test are performed to evaluate the physical property of concrete. In addition, the scanning electronic microscope photos are taken to examine the microstructure of the concrete. In our results, it is found that the best proportion of replacement is 3‰. The requirements of self-compacting concrete can be satisfied, and the development of strength is also good.

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 286-296).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of San Carlos, Cebu City. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [160]-165).