Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:16:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000860274.pdf: 1576617 bytes, checksum: 77bc3adf366698782a1321577ba4ff16 (MD5) / Introdução: A constipação intestinal é uma queixa extremamente comum em pediatria e está cada vez mais em ascensão. Defecações dolorosas, em 95% dos casos, causam postura retentiva, que podem provocar distensão progressiva da ampola retal, podendo levar ao escape fecal involuntário. Como tratamento inicial, é necessário treinamento e programação das evacuações, e dieta balanceada. Quando não há resposta aos tratamentos, é fundamental considerar sua forma orgânica (5%), sendo a Doença de Hirschsprung o diagnóstico de maior incidência. Seu tratamento é sempre cirúrgico. No entanto, no pós-operatório, parte dos pacientes evolui com constipação crônica. O papel da fibra alimentar na prevenção e no tratamento tem sido discutido com frequência devido aos benefícios à saúde. O amido resistente, encontrado em alguns alimentos, como na banana verde tem sido estudado devido aos potenciais benefícios à saúde humana. Por não ser digerido e não absorvidos no intestino delgado, apresenta comportamento semelhante aos das fibras alimentares. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência terapêutica da complementação alimentar de biomassa da banana verde no tratamento da constipação crônica funcional e em pacientes com constipação orgânica associada ao pós-operatório da Doença de Hirschsprung. Pacientes e Métodos: Foram avaliados 34 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: G1 - Grupo constipado funcional (22 pacientes) e G2 - Grupo de pacientes em pós-operatório de doença de Hirschsprung com constipação (12 pacientes). O acompanhamento ocorreu por 9 semanas consecutivas. O funcionamento intestinal foi avaliado em dois momentos: 1 semana anterior ao início da complementação (M0) e 8 semanas após (M1), através do preenchimento de questionário com as seguintes variáveis: escala de Bristol, dias com evacuação presente na semana, número de escapes fecais na semana, uso e dosagem consumida... / Introduction: Constipation is an extremely common complaint in pediatrics and is increasingly on the rise. Painful bowel movements in 95% of cases, cause retentive posture, which can cause progressive distention of the rectum, which may lead to involuntary soiling. As an initial treatment, training and scheduling of evacuations and balanced diet is necessary. When there is no response to the treatment, it is essential to consider its organic form (5%), and Hirschsprung's disease is the most common diagnosis. Treatment is always surgical. However, postoperatively, some patients evolve with chronic constipation. The role of dietary fiber in the prevention and treatment has been discussed with frequency because of the health benefits. Resistant starch, found in some foods, such as in green bananas has been studied for potential benefits to human health. Because it is not digested and not absorbed in the small intestine, features similar to those of fiber behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of dietary supplementation of biomass of green banana in the treatment of chronic functional constipation and in patients with organic constipation associated with postoperative Hirschsprung's Disease. Patients and Methods: 34 patients divided into two groups were evaluated: G1- Constipated functional group (22 patients) and G2 - Group of patients in the postoperative Hirschsprung's disease with constipation (12 patients). The program took place for 9 consecutive weeks. The bowel function was assessed at two time points: 1 prior to the start of supplementation (M0) and after 8 weeks (M1) week by completing a questionnaire with the following variables: scale Bristol, days in the week with this evacuation, number of fecal leaks in the week, use and laxative dosage consumed. Patients consumed 2 tablespoons green banana biomass increased in the daily diet for 8 consecutive weeks. Results: With respect to the scale of ...

The study of the physical and physico-chemical characteristics in the post-harvest of banana fruit contributes for the selection of the highlighted and adapted cultivars in the germoplasm implementation site. Therefore, this dissertation aims was to evaluate the quality of the cultivars and tree hybrids of banana post-harvest fruits, in two production cycles in Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, edaphoclimatic conditions, intending the material with superior characteristics selection for future recommendation. The experiment was conducted in Ecophysiology Laboratory at Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, located in Aracaju-SE. The experimental design was made in randomized blocks with three repetitions, located in the Experimental Field Jorge do Prado Sobral at Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros in the city of Nossa Senhora das Dores, Sergipe, Tabuleiros Costeiros area. It were evaluated 12 agronomic characters in 13 banana tree genotypes coming from Rede Nacional de Avaliação de Genótipos de bananeira do Programa de Melhoramento da Embrapa (Nacional network for banana tree genotypes evaluation improvement program at Embrapa): Prata type (FHIA-18; PA42-44; PV94- 01; Garantida; YB42-47; Pacovan; Prata-Anã), Maçã type (Princesa; Tropical; Maçã), Caipira type (Caipira), Gros Michel type (Bucaneiro) Mysore type (Thap Maeo). The characters size, diameter and average weight of the fruits, pulp/skin relation, pH, total acidity titration, reducing sugars, total soluble solids, ratio, total sugars and amid were taken into consideration. The data underwent into variance analysis and the linear correlation between the characters evaluated took place. Using Gower algorithm, a dendrogram was elaborated with distance matrix obtained from agronomic, physic and physico-chemical fruit analysis in each cycle. Significant differences were noted for the fruit size variable, fruit diameter, fruit skin weight, fruit without skin weight, relation pulp/ skin, soluble-solids total content, total acidity titration and reducing sugars. With the genetic divergence used as a cut-off it was identified four groups in the second cycle: G1 group, formed by the genotypes FHIA-18, PA94-01, Caipira, YB42-47, Thap Maeo, Princesa, Tropical, Maçã and Pacovan; G2, by the genotypes PA42-44 and Prata Anã; G3, by the genotype Garantida and G4, by the genotype Bucaneiro. Four groups in the third cycle were also identified: G1, by the genotypes FHIA-18, PA42-44, PA94-01, Garantida, YB42-47, Thap Maeo, Prata Anã, Princesa, Maçã and Pacovan; G2, by the genotype Caipira; G3, by the genotype Tropical and G4, by the genotype Bucaneiro. The Bucaneiro genotype was qualified as promising to be incorporated by the production system of the banana producer in Sergipe. Total sugars, skin fruit weight, amid and fruit without skin weight characters contribute with a big part of the genetic variability between the 13 banana trees genotypes evaluated. / O estudo das características físico-químicas em pós-colheita dos frutos da bananeira contribui com indicativos de qualidade dos frutos, servindo como parâmetro para escolha de cultivares para cultivo em determinada região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos das cultivares e híbridos de bananeira, em dois ciclos de produção nas condições edafoclimáticas dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, Sergipe, visando à caracterização e seleção de materiais. O experimento foi implantado no Campo Experimental Jorge do Prado Sobral da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, no município de Nossa Senhora das Dores, Sergipe, área de Tabuleiros Costeiros. As análises pós-colheita foram realizadas no Laboratório de Ecofisiologia da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Aracaju-SE. Foram avaliados 12 caracteres agronômicos: comprimento do fruto, diâmetro do fruto, peso do fruto com casca, peso do fruto sem casca, relação polpa/casca, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, ratio, açúcar redutor, açúcares totais, amido e pH de 13 genótipos de bananeira, provenientes da Rede Nacional de Avaliação de Genótipos de bananeira do Programa de Melhoramento da Embrapa: do tipo Prata (FHIA-18; PA42-44; PV94-01; Garantida; YB42-47; Pacovan; Prata-Anã), do tipo Maçã (Princesa; Tropical; Maçã), do tipo Caipira (Caipira), do tipo Gros Michel (Bucaneiro) e do tipo Mysore (Thap Maeo), no segundo e terceiro ciclo de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e procedeu-se a correlação linear entre os caracteres avaliados. Foram observadas diferenças significativas para as variáveis comprimento do fruto, diâmetro do fruto, peso do fruto com casa, peso do fruto sem casca, relação polpa/casca, teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável e açúcares redutores. Com a divergência genética média usada como ponto de corte, foram identificados quatro agrupamentos no segundo ciclo: grupo G1, formado pelos genótipos FHIA-18, PA94-01, Caipira, YB42-47, Thap Maeo, Princesa, Tropical, Maçã e Pacovan; G2, pelos genótipos PA42-44 e Prata Anã; G3, pelo genótipo Garantida e G4, pelo genótipo Bucaneiro. Também foram identificados quatro agrupamentos no terceiro ciclo: G1, pelos genótipos FHIA-18, PA42-44, PA94-01, Garantida, YB42-47, Thap Maeo, Prata Anã, Princesa, Maçã e Pacovan; G2, pelo genótipo Caipira; G3, pelo genótipo Tropical e G4, pelo genótipo Bucaneiro. O genótipo Bucaneiro demonstrou-se promissor para ser incorporado ao sistema de produção do bananicultor em Sergipe. Os caracteres açúcares totais, peso do fruto com casca, amido e peso do fruto sem casca contribuem com grande parte da variabilidade genética entre os 13 genótipos de bananeira avaliados.

Agriculture is considered a critical sector in attaining economic growth for most economies in Africa. However, for the sector to play its role, it needs to be commercialised to enable smallholder farmers to participate in markets and, hence, improve their incomes and livelihoods. In most developing economies, smallholder farmers find it difficult to participate in markets because of the numerous constraints and barriers mostly reflected in the transaction costs that make access to input and output markets difficult. When analysing the effects of transaction costs on market participation, much attention has been accorded to farmers while ignoring middlemen/traders who are also part of the marketing system. Furthermore, studies on the effect of transaction costs on market participation tend to focus on grains and cereals while ignoring agrocommodities that are more perishable. The purpose of this study was to holistically examine the effects of transaction costs on participation of smallholder farmers and middlemen in banana markets of the Great Lakes region in central Africa. The study adopted a non-separable household model which incorporated fixed and proportional transaction costs in the function of maximising utility subject to resource constraints. The Heckman procedure was used to determine the factors affecting the discrete choice of smallholder farmers on whether to sell and quantities to sell while catering for selection biases. Probit analysis was used to determine the farmers’ choice of selling point while the ordinary least squares method was used to analyse the extent of participation of traders. Variables capturing transaction costs in regards to information gathering, negotiating, contracting, monitoring and enforcing of contracts were used in the analyses. The empirical analyses were based on secondary data availed for 2666 farming households and 494 traders located in Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. The results of the study indicate that fixed and proportional transaction costs distinctly affect the participation of smallholder farmers in markets. Belonging to farmer groups facilitates information exchange which reduces fixed transaction costs and, hence, increases the likelihood of farmers to participate in markets. The size of a household, distance to markets and ownership of transport means, which is linked to proportional transaction costs, influence the extent of farmer participation in markets. The choice of selling point was significantly influenced by household size, the gender of the household head, off farm revenue, access to price information and the extent of remoteness of household. The effects of transaction costs on market participation of smallholder farmers were more evident in the analyses for bananas than in the one for beans. The participation of traders was significantly influenced by gender, trading experience and supply distance which relate to the bargaining prowess, business networks and per unit transport cost, respectively. Interventions geared towards supporting associations for farmers may facilitate information exchange and enhance bargaining and contracting skills which subsequently reduce transaction costs. Policies aimed at supporting investment in rural infrastructure, in terms of feeder road networks and market places, can lead to reduction in transaction costs and thereby enhance participation of farmers and traders in markets. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Possible mechanisms for the formation of isovaleraldehyde from l-leucine and isobutyraldehyde from l-valine in bananas are described. These aldehydes are key intermediates for the development of the branched-chain alcohols and esters, which are prominent components of banana flavor volatiles. When amino acids were incubated with dopamine and banana enzyme extract, these aldehydes were formed. Greater amounts of aldehydes were produced when hydrogen peroxide was included in the reaction mixture. It is proposed that the reaction mechanism involves oxidation of dopamine to o-quinones catalyzed by polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase, followed by the nonenzymic reaction of the quinone with the amino acid to form the corresponding aldehyde. At levels of leucine, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and dopamine tested, aldehyde production increased with leucine concentration (up to 75 mM) and tended to peak at relatively low levels of PPO (0.1 units/ml) and dopamine (0.5 mM). / Master of Science

Mozambique has potential to boost its banana exports. To fully realise this, agronomic practices in production should be fully developed to combat physiological disorders associated with banana within the region. Currently, lower temperatures are being experienced in some production sites, consequently affecting yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate use of bunch protection covers on banana cultivars Grand Nain and Williams banana cultivars, for performance under different fruit protection materials to determine best fruit protection bag suitable for Metocheria, Nampula. Plants were not selected near plantation borders, drainage canals, cable way and roads, as this would influence the growth pattern of plants and fruit development. Treatments consisted of control (no bag on bunches), white perforated polyethylene, white non-perforated polyethylene, blue perforated polyethylene, blue non perforated polyethylene, green perforated polyethylene, green polyethylene non perforated and cheese cloth bags arranged in a complete randomised block designed CRBD with 26 plants replicated eight times. During 2012/2013, bagging treatments did not considerably improve weight in hands, banana finger weight, total fruit weight, marketable weight and percentage marketable fruit weight and box stem ratio (BSR) of Grand Nain. However there was reduction of fruit defects in all bagging treatments compared to control (no bags). In Williams during the 2013 season bagging treatments improved weight but no significant differences were observed on weight of hands in 2012. Bagging of banana bunches reduce defects in both seasons. Both green and blue perforated bags improved box stem ratio. Bagging treatments increased Williams‟s cultivar yield (per ton) in both seasons / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T00:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T21:49:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 106830.pdf: 50462908 bytes, checksum: d2493d1a713512584cb3f5ba585ddd84 (MD5) / Estudo da evolução geomorfológica cenozóica da bacia do rio Bananas no município de Guarapuava, Paraná. As formas encontradas na bacia são fruto de uma evolução que teve início a partir do Terciário, culminando com grandes fases de pediplanação pleistocênicas, cujas formas residuais e aspectos paleogeográficos, encontram-se impressos na morfologia. Efetua o levantamento do uso do solo de 1963 a 1980.

Mozambique has potential to boost its banana exports. To fully realise this, agronomic practices in production should be fully developed to combat physiological disorders associated with banana within the region. Currently, lower temperatures are being experienced in some production sites, consequently affecting yield and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate use of bunch protection covers on banana cultivars Grand Nain and Williams banana cultivars, for performance under different fruit protection materials to determine best fruit protection bag suitable for Metocheria, Nampula. Plants were not selected near plantation borders, drainage canals, cable way and roads, as this would influence the growth pattern of plants and fruit development. Treatments consisted of control (no bag on bunches), white perforated polyethylene, white non-perforated polyethylene, blue perforated polyethylene, blue non perforated polyethylene, green perforated polyethylene, green polyethylene non perforated and cheese cloth bags arranged in a complete randomised block designed CRBD with 26 plants replicated eight times. During 2012/2013, bagging treatments did not considerably improve weight in hands, banana finger weight, total fruit weight, marketable weight and percentage marketable fruit weight and box stem ratio (BSR) of Grand Nain. However there was reduction of fruit defects in all bagging treatments compared to control (no bags). In Williams during the 2013 season bagging treatments improved weight but no significant differences were observed on weight of hands in 2012. Bagging of banana bunches reduce defects in both seasons. Both green and blue perforated bags improved box stem ratio. Bagging treatments increased Williams‟s cultivar yield (per ton) in both seasons / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

M. Tech. (Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences) Vaal University of Technology / Most cultivated bananas and plantains (Musa spp. sect. Eumusa), originated from two wild diploid species, Musa acuminata Colla (AA) and Musa balbisiana Colla (BB), which contributed the A and B genomes, respectively. The two genomes confer different traits to a banana plant. Intra- and interspecific hybridization between the wild diploid species, somatic mutations and selection over many thousands of years has given rise to considerable genetic variability in cultivated bananas. Bananas are classified according to its genome composition and a number of morphological traits are used to identify the genomes of a plant. Morphological classification can be misleading since the morphology of plants can be affected by environmental factors. Molecular techniques to identify the genomes of banana have many advantages. The objective of this study was to develop a SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) marker from a previously reported A genome-specific RAPD fragment that distinguish the A genome of banana from the B genome. This fragment designated OPA17600 was cloned, sequenced and used to design longer 20-mer SCAR primers. Verification of the SCAR primers for its fidelity to the A genome was carried out on a sample of 22 homo-and heterogenomic accessions representing landraces and hybrids of different ploidy and genome combinations. Out of six primers sets that were tested one set (SC3) produced a unique 600 bp in all the A genome containing banana accessions. However, these primers also amplified an 800 bp fragment in all the BB genotypes and some accessions containing the A and B genomes. While previous reports suggested that there was considerable differentiation between the A and B genomes, recent evidence points to the contrary. The presence of the A genome fragment in the B genome genotypes and accessions may be due to recombination between the two genomes, translocations and substitutions. The study concluded that the 600-bp SCAR sequence is conserved across the A genome in Musa and can be used to identify the A genome in banana classification and Musa breeding programmes.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2089547 bytes, checksum: 78256e3ce0b69f3185fa68080853f287 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of fruits of different banana cultivars to low temperature storage. Fruits of the cultivars Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) and Caipira (AAA) were used. Hands were subdivided into clusters of three fruits, which were kept in cold storage for 7, 14 and 21 days, with an average temperature of 10.53  0.37 °C and relative humidity of 85%. Subsequently, the clusters were transferred to the temperature of 22  0.39 °C, to complete the ripening. The experiment was in a split plot design, having five cultivars in the plots and evaluation days in the subplots, in a completely randomized design with four replications and one cluster per experimental unit. Data were analyzed by variance analyses and regression. The Dunnett test at 5% probability was used to compare data from control (start of storage) with those of the end of storage. Each storage period was analyzed separately. The fruits of all cultivars remained green after 21 days of storage at 10.53 C  0.37 °C. Fruits of the cultivar Nanicão did not complete the ripening after they were transferred to 22 °C, when stored for 7 days at low temperature. These fruits were firmer, with green skin, low soluble solids and low titratable acidity. After 21 days of cold storage, the fruits of all cultivars completed ripening, when transferred to room temperature. The chilling injury increased with the advance of the cold storage for all cultivars. Fruits of Nanicão , Caipira and Maçã had more obvious symptoms of chilling injury. Fruits of Prata and Vitória were more tolerant to cold storage at a temperature of 10.53 °C for up to 21 days, showing normal ripening after transfer to 22 °C. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a tolerância dos frutos de diferentes cultivares de bananeira a baixa temperatura de armazenamento. Foram utilizados frutos dos cultivares Nanicão (AAA), Prata (AAB), Vitória (AAAB), Maçã (AAB) e Caipira (AAA). Utilizaram-se buquês com três frutos, mantidos em câmara fria por 7, 14 e 21 dias, com temperatura média de 10,53  0,37 °C e umidade relativa do ar de 85%. Posteriormente, os buquês foram transferidos para a temperatura de 22  0,39 °C, para completar o amadurecimento. O experimento foi em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, tendo-se nas parcelas cinco cultivares e nas subparcelas os dias de avaliação, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e um buquê de três frutos por unidade amostral. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises de variância e regressão. O teste de Dunnett foi utilizado para comparar os dados da testemunha (início do armazenamento) com os dos dias do fim do armazenamento, a 5% de probabilidade. Cada período de armazenamento foi analisado separadamente. Os frutos dos cultivares estudados permaneceram verdes após 21 dias de armazenamento à 10,53  0,37 °C. Frutos do cultivar Nanicão não completaram o amadurecimento após serem transferidos para a temperatura de 22 °C, quando armazenados por 7 dias à baixa temperatura, apresentando frutos mais firmes, com casca verde, baixos teores de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. Após 21 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, os frutos de todos os cultivares completaram o amadurecimento, depois de transferidos para temperatura ambiente. Os danos por frio aumentaram com o avanço do tempo de armazenamento refrigerado, para todos os cultivares. Nanicão , Caipira e Maçã apresentaram sintomas mais evidentes de dano por frio. As bananas Prata e Vitória mostraram-se mais tolerantes ao armazenamento refrigerado na temperatura de 10,53 °C por até 21 dias, exibindo amadurecimento normal após a transferência para a temperatura de 22 °C.