No / We investigate how to provide personalized nudges to aid a user’s exploration of linked data in a way leading to expanding her domain knowledge. This requires a model of the user’s familiarity with domain concepts. The paper examines an approach to detect user domain familiarity by exploiting anchoring concepts which provide a backbone for probing interactions over the linked data graph. Basic level concepts studied in Cognitive Science are adopted. A user study examines how such concepts can be utilized to deal with the cold start user modelling problem, which informs a probing algorithm.

Yes / The recent growth of the Web of Data has brought to the fore the need to develop intelligent means to support user exploration through big data graphs. To be effective, approaches for data graph exploration should take into account the utility from a user’s point of view. We have been investigating knowledge utility – how useful the trajectories in a data graph are for expanding users’ knowledge. Following the theory for meaningful learning, according to which new knowledge is developed starting from familiar entities (anchors) and expanding to new and unfamiliar entities, we propose here an approach to identify knowledge anchors in a data graph. Our approach is underpinned by the Cognitive Science notion of basic level objects in domain taxonomies. Several metrics for extracting knowledge anchors in a data graph, and the corresponding algorithms, are presented. The metrics performance is examined, and a hybridization approach that combines the strengths of each metric is proposed.

<p>The aim of this study was to find out whether Europeans and North Americans differ as to what they consider to be best examples of four categories; namely vehicles, clothes, vegetables, and furniture. I compared the two continents with each other and tried to find out to what extent the cultural differences really influence the best examples chosen by the research participants. Further, I briefly</p><p>compared the prototypes with European females and males and North American females and males and tried to point out some differences between the two genders. Moreover I tried to connect the differences to cultural and gender related factors. The results show the existence of some good and some bad examples that were the same no matter if we looked at the European list or the North American one. However, as we have found out through our research there seem to be strong cultural reasons for the best examples the participants chose. It is a natural behavior to choose prototypes of categories that are well known by the research participants. The best known items are those which are present in the lives of the participants. So, for example riding a bicycle does not seem to be very common among people in North America. They consider bicycle only a lower average example for the category vehicles, whereas Europeans for example seem to use bicycles much more often. They place it on rank four out of 17. People seem to choose things they know or are interested in.</p>

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The aim of this study was to find out whether Europeans and North Americans differ as to what they consider to be best examples of four categories; namely vehicles, clothes, vegetables, and furniture. I compared the two continents with each other and tried to find out to what extent the cultural differences really influence the best examples chosen by the research participants. Further, I briefly compared the prototypes with European females and males and North American females and males and tried to point out some differences between the two genders. Moreover I tried to connect the differences to cultural and gender related factors. The results show the existence of some good and some bad examples that were the same no matter if we looked at the European list or the North American one. However, as we have found out through our research there seem to be strong cultural reasons for the best examples the participants chose. It is a natural behavior to choose prototypes of categories that are well known by the research participants. The best known items are those which are present in the lives of the participants. So, for example riding a bicycle does not seem to be very common among people in North America. They consider bicycle only a lower average example for the category vehicles, whereas Europeans for example seem to use bicycles much more often. They place it on rank four out of 17. People seem to choose things they know or are interested in.

This diploma thesis deals with speaking skills and their development for the purposes of the Maturita exam. It is divided into 6 chapters. The theoretical part deals with speaking as a skill, basic definitions of the Maturita exam and, more specifically, it gives a detailed overview and comparison of the Maturita oral performance and interactive skills at both levels. The practical part covers the analysis of three sets of books that are used during the English lessons in secondary education. Key words: Maturita exam, basic level, higher level, evaluation, course books

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIELA TARANTA MARTIN.pdf: 977963 bytes, checksum: 4b2da184a35a326ada0464c85340f230 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-24 / The objective of this study is to investigate the teaching paths of the first fundamental school levels at municipal public schools, had as a model in relation to the pedagogical adhesion proposed by the Education Department, with the aim of seeking explanations to the reasons why children are not successful in their basic learning. Try to answer questions such as: what are the methodological orientations for the basic level teaching established by the Municipal Department of Education? What are the methodological procedures used by teachers and what effect they have produced for the learning of students? The research aimed at knowing what dimension aspect assumes the didactic-methodology in the quality of basic level teaching practices, seen that the SME of Goiânia bets on the organization of the school by cycles of formation, based on Vygotsky&#146;s principles, to provide better teaching and formation to students. So it deals with an incursion in the basic school teaching practices to verify the relation between basic levels teaching methodologies considered more advanced and the effective domain, on children&#146;s part, of the reading and writing skills, once the school is known for having a specific &#147;line&#148; of pedagogical orientation for the basic level teaching. The case study, in the historicalcultural approach, was carried out at a Municipal School, with four teachers, in basic level teaching classes, over a period of approximately four months. The procedures used were direct observation of the school and class-rooms, interviews, the pedagogical project and teaching plans of the school, apart from written documents of the Municipal Education Department. The analysis of the data has the objective of verifying the consistency between the methodological orientations, the effective practice and student learning results, as well as to obtain critical evaluation elements of the processes observed, viewing at other pedagogical forms of practice in basic teaching. / Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar como acontecem as práticas de alfabetização nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública da rede municipal de ensino, tida como modelar em relação à adesão à proposta pedagógica da Secretaria da Educação, tendo em vista buscar explicações do por quê as crianças não são bem sucedidas na alfabetização. Buscam-se respostas a questões como: quais são as orientações metodológicas para a alfabetização estabelecidas pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação? Quais são as metodologias e procedimentos utilizados pelas professoras e qual efeito ela têm produzido na qualidade da aprendizagem dos alunos? A pesquisa visou saber qual a dimensão que assume o aspecto didático-metodológico na qualidade das práticas de alfabetização, uma vez que a SME de Goiânia aposta que a organização da escola por ciclos de formação, baseada nas idéias de Vygotsky, propicia melhor ensino e melhor formação aos alunos. Trata-se, assim, de fazer uma incursão nas práticas escolares de alfabetização para verificar a relação entre as metodologias de alfabetização consideradas mais avançadas e o efetivo domínio, por parte das crianças, das competências habilidades de leitura e escrita, já que a escola é conhecida por ter uma &#147;linha&#148; explícita de orientação pedagógica em relação à alfabetização. O estudo de caso, na abordagem histórico-cultural, foi realizado em uma escola da rede municipal, com quatro professoras, em classes de alfabetização, durante um período aproximado de quatro meses. Foram utilizados como procedimentos a observação direta da escola e da sala de aula, entrevistas, o projeto pedagógico e planos de ensino da escola, além de documentos escritos da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. A análise dos dados tem o propósito de verificar a consistência entre as orientações metodológicas, as práticas efetivadas e os 11 resultados de aprendizagem dos alunos, bem como extrair elementos de avaliação crítica dos processos observados, tendo em vista indicações de outras formas de atuação pedagógica nas práticas de alfabetização.

The subject of this study is a suggestion and, within the framework of the possibility, a verification of the concept of teaching of Czech endings for foreigners without using samples. The study covers the declinations of nouns, adjectives and personal, demonstrative and possessive pronouns. In the development of our concept, we proceed from the fact that the Czech language, as well as the other Slavonic languages is characterized by significant level of endings' synonymy and homonymy. We use this fact as a reference point and create tables on its basis. The work consists theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is divided into two pieces. The first piece of the theoretical part is devoted to the different approaches to the problem of teaching endings for foreigners on the basic level. In the second piece, we introduce the new concept and explain the use of the tables based on homonymy, which are suggested in the practical part. The practical part is composed entirely of these twenty-five tables, which were created ready for use in teaching.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal