Transverse cotyledonal cracking (TVC) was characterised at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels in three common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars: Imbali, Tongaat and Tokai. The incidence of TVC was determined visually on ten-day old seedlings and was expressed as the number of cracks per plant. The effect of Ca++ on TVC incidence was examined by enhancing the calcium content of seed cotyledons using calcium salts in seed priming and coating. EDAX was used to quantify the cotyledonal calcium content. Activities of the pectinolytic enzymes polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) were assayed at dry seed, VC, R4 and R6 phenophases of the bean plant, and zymogram electrophoresis was used to identify the two enzymes. The results showed that cultivars Imbali, Tongaat, and Tokai were susceptible resistant and intermediate, respectively, with respect to TVC incidence. Calcium uptake was higher in Tongaat cultivar (P= 0.05) compared with Imbali and Tokai, irrespective of calcium salt enhancement. Vigour was significantly reduced (P< 0.01) by both coating and priming. TVC significantly lowered yield (P= 0.05) in the susceptible Imbali cultivar. Zymogram analysis identified lytic bands at ~45kDa (PG gel) and ~30kDa (PME gel). The activity profile of PME was similar for all cultivars. However, PG activity of susceptible Imbali was high in dry seeds and at the R4 and R6 stages of plant development, whereas the more resistant cultivars displayed high activity at the VC stage only. It is concluded that high PG activity at R4 stage is a more reliable determinant of green bean propensity to cotyledonal cracking. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-83).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. Includes reprinted article: William P. Wergin, Peter J. Gruber, and Eldon H. Newcomb, "Fine structural investigation of nuclear inclusion in plants", Journal of ultrastructure research, v. 30 (1970), pp. 533-557. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-89).

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Restricted until May 2005. Bibliography: leaves 154-177.

Orientador: Ivaldo De Domenico Valarelli / Banca: Alexandre Jorge Duarte Souza / Banca: Reinaldo Sebastião Silva / Resumo: A produção de painéis de madeiras e outros materiais lignocelulósicos como o bambu, casca de arroz, casca de amendoim, casca de café, bagaço de cana de açúcar, entre outros, vem crescendo nos últimos anos na busca de um aproveitamento para esses resíduos agroindustrial. Este trabalho tem como objetivo, determinar as características físicas e mecânicas dos painéis de partículas aglomeradas homogêneas, produzidos com bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus Giganteus e a adição de casca de arroz, para aplicação em construção civil e na indústria moveleira, comparando os resultados obtidos com outros autores. Portanto, foram produzidos painéis com particulas aglomeradas em quatro traços conforme a norma brasileira NBR 14810-2 (2013), determinou-se os valores de inchamento em espessura 24h, absorção de água 24h, umidade, densidade, resistência a flexão (MOR e MOE), tração perpendicular e arranchamento de parafusos (topo e face). A densidade alvo dos painéis foi de 850 Kg/m3 considerados painéis de alta densidade. O adesivo utilizado foi poliuretano a base de óleo de mamona, na proporção de uma parte de poliol uma parte de pré polímero totalizando em 12% da massa. Os resultados obtidos, indicaram que os traços contendo bambu e casca de arroz, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quando comparados à norma, e em alguns casos, com índices superiores aos determinados pela NBR 14810-2(2013), e por resultados comparado a outros autores como pesquisa semelhantes. Os resultados apresentados nesta ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The production of panels of wood and other ignocellulosic materials as bamboo, rice husks, peanut shells, coffe pods, sugar cane bagasse, among others, has been growing in recent years in search of a harnessing for industrial waste. This work aims to determine the physical and mechanical characteristics of sintered particles homogeneous panels, produced with Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo species and the addition of rice husk, for use in civil construction and in furniture industry, comparing the results obatined by other authors. Therefore, panels were produced with agglomerated particles in four strokes as the brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2013), it was determined the values of swelling in thickness, 12:00 am 12:00 am water absorption, moisture, density, resistance to flexion (MOR and MOE), perpenticular traction and arrachamento of screws (top and side). The target density panels considered. The adhesive used was oil-based polyurethne of mamona, in the proportion of one part of a perequisite part polymer polyol totaling in 12% of the mass. The results obtained indicated that traces containing bamboo and rice husk, presented satisfactory results when compared to standard, and in some cases, with indexes higher than those determined by the NBR 14810-2 (2013), and results compared to other authors such as similar research. The results presented in this research, the material tested presents good potential for the manufacture of particle panels, with applicability in dry conditions, as the norm, with opportunity for new research studies / Mestre

No description available.

No description available.

Resistances to bean common mosaic virus, halo, common and Ascochyta blight, angular leaf spot, anthracnose and rust pathogens of beans in South Africa were combined by reverse dichotomous crossing. Full resistance to Uromyces appendiculatus from Carioca 80 was conditioned by a single dominant gene. Partially dominant resistance to Phaeoisariopsis griseola was conditioned by a single gene in Carioca 80 and two genes in PAl 127. Differences in aggressiveness of isolates of Phoma exigua var. exigua were found. Different levels of Ascochyta blight resistance were found in the glasshouse, but field testing showed little difference after flowering. Inoculations of differential cultivars indicated the presence of at least eight races of U. appendiculatus and the a-Brazil race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum . Inoculations of the old set of halo blight differential cultivars identified races 1 and 2. Forty-five lines with partial resistance to rust were obtained by recurrent selection. Very highly significant differences were noted between ratings of percentage leaf area affected by rust and yield of 23 cultivars planted in field trials. Significant genotype x environment interaction was noted for rust ratings. Ratings at different dates within a trial were correlated with one another, showing few ratings are required per trial, and a correlation of -0.678 between yield and rust rating was found. Inheritance of partial resistance and improved yield of eight cultivars crossed in a full diallel was mostly due to additive effects but non-additive effects were also very highly significant. Reciprocal effects were not significant for yield and rust ratings. Genotype x environment interactions were significant for rust ratings and yield. High estimates of narrow-sense heritability for rust resistance were obtained. No relationship between resistance and time to flowering, pustule size, leaf hairs and stomata was found. Latent periods in unifoliate leaves did not correlate with resistance but a closer match was found in the fourth trifoliate leaves. Inoculations with three additional single-pustule isolates of the 23 parent cultivars indicated the cultivars had similar levels of resistance. Ring necrosis was found in nine cultivars or crosses with them. The ring reaction was conditioned by a single dominant gene and possibly by the epistatic interaction of two dominant genes in Carioca 80. Differences in symptom severity in plants derived from Epicure indicated the possibility of additional gene interaction. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1994.

Orientadores: Barbara Janet Teruel Mederos, Claudio Kiyoshi Umezu / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:34:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaieski_Daniel_M.pdf: 1858144 bytes, checksum: 5a6c4f6d16fc503cc9a7218232a3c517 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A secagem de produtos agrícolas, especialmente grãos, é importante na pós-colheita, por ser responsável pelo prolongamento no seu tempo de armazenamento e conservação, resultado da redução da atividade de água presente em seu interior e conseqüentemente queda no desenvolvimento de micro organismos que conduziriam o produto a deterioração antecipada. Ao mesmo tempo em que a importância da realização de secagem é inquestionável, também é fato que este processo representa um consumo considerável de energia em virtude do aquecimento e movimentação forçada do ar que irá escoar por entre os grãos promovendo a retirada de massa de água (transferência simultânea de calor e massa). É importante que a temperatura do ar de secagem se mantenha no valor recomendado para não causar danos ao produto e não consumir mais energia que o necessário, este valor de temperatura varia de acordo com o produto e com sua finalidade de uso, neste trabalho considerou-se tal valor como sendo de 50 ºC. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema de secagem com capacidade de monitorar, registrar e atuar sobre o processo de secagem de maneira on line e proporcionar redução no consumo de energia e manutenção da qualidade do produto quando comparado com sistema operando com estratégia de controle on/off ou de forma automática com uso de um controlador de temperatura implementado através de software. O desenvolvimento do sistema de secagem constituiu-se de várias etapas: concepção, projeto e construção do secador, elaboração e montagem dos circuitos elétricos, instalação dos instrumentos de medição e sistema de aquisição de dados, desenvolvimento e implementação do aplicativo de monitoramento, registro e controle, após a calibração dos instrumentos foram realizados diversos testes livres para conhecer o comportamento do sistema, vários testes com diferentes condições de temperatura e vazão de ar foram necessários para avaliar o controlador, o que também implicou em testar controladores PID para temperatura implementados com diferentes algoritmos. Realizou-se os testes definitivos com o secador contendo cerca de 50kg de feijão e concluiu-se que houve redução no consumo de energia em torno de 18% e manutenção na qualidade do produto. / Abstract: Drying of agricultural products, especially grain is of fundamental importance in the stage of post-harvest, to be responsible for extending their time in storage and conservation, a result of reduced water activity in this consequently and drop them in the development of micro organisms that lead to product deterioration early. At the same time the importance of performing drying is unquestionable, it is also fact that this process represents a considerable consumption of energy due to heating and forced movement of air that will flow between the grains by promoting the removal of the water (simultaneous transfer of heat and mass). Found along the consultations related to the literature it is important to keep the temperature at which the grains are submitted within a limit that can promote or accelerate the removal of moisture without damaging the product, the recommended upper limit varies according in order to use the product, this work was considered as the temperature of 50 º C. The prime objective of this study was to develop a system capable of drying track, record and act on the drying process so online and provide reduction in energy consumption and maintenance of product quality when compared to how the on/off control strategy or automatically using a temperature controller implemented via software. The development drying system consisted of several stages: design, design and construction of the dryer, preparation and assembly of electric circuits, installation of measuring instruments and data acquisition system, development and implementation of application monitoring, recording and control, after the calibration of the instruments were performed several tests available to determine the behavior of the system, various tests with different conditions of temperature and flow rate of air were required to assess the controller, which also meant to test for PID temperature controllers with different structures. We carried out the final tests with the dryer containing about 50 kg of beans and concluded that there was a reduction in energy consumption around 18% and maintaining the quality of product. / Mestrado / Maquinas Agricolas / Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

Dry bean breeding programs have made significant advances in combating both abiotic and biotic stresses as well as improving plant architectural traits via selective breeding. Flooding can cause complete crop loss in dry bean. On the other hand, breeding for an upright architecture in dry bean has been a breeding target in several programs. However, the stem cell wall components underlying this change have yet to be studied. This research focused on analyzing the cell wall components that might be involved in dry bean architecture as well as pre-germination flooding tolerance in dry bean. For the plant architecture study, two significant genomic regions were identified on Pv07 and Pv08 associated with lignin accumulation in dry bean. For the pre-germination flooding study, one unpigmented seed coat genotype (Verano) and three pigmented seed coat genotypes (Indeterminate Jamaica Red, Durango, and Midnight) had germination rates similar to that of the tolerant check.