Loss of ammonia from broiler litter degrades air quality, decreases litter fertilizer value, and can have negative health consequences for birds and their caretakers. Rates of NH3 emission from broiler houses are complicated by interrelated management and environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, house style, ventilation rate,bird age, litter conditions, litter characteristics, and cleanout schedule. Wide variations inemission rates necessitate further investigation of litter characteristics and abatement techniques. The research was designed to clarify the impact of moisture effects that are critical to emissions for poultry litter, in conjunction with bedding type and temperature. Experiments were conducted on litter samples in the laboratory using anacid trap method for determining NH3 losses. Statistical models were developed for predicting release from each bedding material and within the range of litter moistureand temperatures found in commercial broiler houses. This allowed development of relationships that describe the effects of bedding, moisture, time, and temperature on litter generation that have not been published previously. First, type of bedding material was investigated within a limited scope of moisture contents. The results indicated that increasing moisture increases generation from litter. Literature supports the phenomenon that greater litter moisture content up to apoint elicits greater release. At the original moisture content, sand and vermiculite litters generated the most, whereas wood shavings, commercial, and rice hull. Second, an extended range of litter moisture contents (20 – 55%) was investigated while including temperature (18.3 – 40.6 °C) effects. Experiments were conducted using built-up commercial broiler litter from multiple flocks. Response surfaces were parabolic cylinders, indicating maximum production was between 37.4 and 51.5% litter moisture depending on temperature. Comparing the temperature extremes, the maximum up to 7 times greater at 40.6 vs. 18.3 °C. This research defines intermediate critical moisture levels in broiler litter where NH3 is maximized, providing target areasfor researchers and the poultry industry to develop management scenarios to reduce from litter.

<p> Extensive bedding plane exposures in the Ludlowville shales along Cazenovia Creek near Spring Brook, New York display the spatial distribution of the skeletal remains from a marine faunal assemblage. Fossils typically occur in aggregates that are subcircular in plan view and plano-convex in cross-section with the convex side down. The clusters measure 1 meter in diameter and 2 centimeters thick at the center. This dispersion pattern has led to a general consideration of the different mechanisms responsible for creating fossil aggregations. Possible mechanisms, a spectrum from biological to geological, have been categorized into reproductive, ecological, postmortem redistributional, and preservational modes of formation. </p> <p> Quantitative sampling of the most abundant species, Ambocoelia umbonata, in four successive 5 millimeter layers within three clusters was carried out to determine which process is responsible for cluster formation. Between level variation in shell parameters demonstrates that fragmentation, distortion and valve ratios are independent of trends in position, density, and disarticulation. The trends are not controlled by geological agents, but rather result from ecological conditions. Furthermore, the size distributions of Arnbocoelia are bimodal and have to be explained on a biological basis. This has led to an interpretation of cluster development involving initiation by occasional spat survival on a somewhat "lethal" substrate, subsequent succession and regulation by ecological requirements, and final termination due to failure of spat recruitment probably because of fecal and/or decay toxin buildup. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1959.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1959.

Broiler litter (BL) is a high value manure available to Kentucky crop producers to utilize as a fertilizer. The rate of BL application, timing of application, and method of application are all important factors to take into account when utilizing BL. A laboratory incubation was conducted to observe nitrogen (N) mineralization rates of BL amended soils over time under different conditions. Different application methods, application rates, watering frequencies, and bedding materials were used to determine their influence on N mineralization. Broiler litter applied on the soil surface, at lower rates, at lower watering frequency resulted in lower mineralization rates than BL that was incorporated, at higher rates and higher watering frequency. The rice hull bedding BL treatments had a significantly higher initial amount of NH4+-N than the wood-based bedding materials. The increased NH4+-N content produced a lower pH due to higher rates of nitrification. The difference in NH4+-N resulted in the rice hull BL treatments containing more inorganic N throughout the incubation. The wood-based BL contained significantly more carbon (C), zinc (Zn), and potassium (K). The results collected will help improve current nutrient recommendations and provide information that will help utilize BL more efficiently and economically.

Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references.

5 pp. / Bedding plants create instant impact with color and foliage. They are installed twice a year in the desert Southwest and require significant investment. The ten most common bedding plant problems encountered in the arid climate of the Southwestern United States are described. They include abiotic problems caused by drought, wind, freezing, overwatering, lack of light, and nutrition disorders. Biotic problems include fungal diseases, insects, and wildlife. Prevention or early intervention will prevent problems in bedding plants.

Bedding angle is a fundamental property of a particulate system that describes the resistance to rolling motion of a single grain. Mean trends of the bedding angle of sand have been described in the literature. This research expands upon the work to date by investigating the distribution of bedding angle for sands. Experimental measurements of bedding angle distributions are made for eight sands. Additionally, a theoretical description of the variability of bedding angle as a function of random grain size is developed and implemented numerically. The shape of the bedding angle distribution is found to be simulated well from the numerical simulations; the mean value of bedding angle is best predicted from particle roundness and empirical relationships. Together, these procedures provide a means of predicting the complete distribution of bedding angle for any given sand.

This study researches consumer attitudes, needs and preferences with a focus on the Swedish bed market. It is done on behalf of the advertising agency ‘Jung von Matt Stockholm’ for their client Hästens Beds, one of Sweden’s oldest bed manufactures. The purpose of this research is to gain increased consumer knowledge and to identify consumer insights connected to a target group that is identified with this research as a basis, in order to improve and develop the brand's advertising strategy. The research was done as quantitative research using a descriptive questionnaire with a focus on lifestyle, common demographics, values, sleeping patterns, behaviour connected to sleep and price acceptance for beds. The findings of the survey can serve as a basis for Jung von Matt Stockholm to get a deeper knowledge about consumer attitudes and to adapt Hästens Beds’ advertising strategy according to the new learnings. The results show that the assumed price for the displayed Hästens bed in the questionnaire is much lower than the actual price. Moreover, the respondents' willingness to pay the actual price of the bed is very low. The consumer insights that resulted from this research provide Jung von Matt Stockholm with beneficial guidance for future priorities. The findings are of great value for improving and developing Hästens Beds advertising strategy. / Denna studie undersöker konsumenternas attityder, behov och preferenser med fokus på den svenska sängmarknaden. Det görs på uppdrag av reklambyrån Jung von Matt Stockholm för uppdragsgivaren Hästens Sängar, en av Sveriges äldsta sängtillverkare. Syftet med denna uppsats är att få ökad konsumentförståelse och att identifiera konsumentinsikter om ett målgruppssegment som kartläggs med denna undersökningen som grund, för att på så vis förbättra och utveckla varumärkets reklamstrategi. Studien utfördes som en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med fokus på respondenternas livsstil, demografi, värderingar, sovmönster, beteende kopplat till sömn, prisacceptans och betalningsvilja för sängar. Studiens resultat kan utgöra grunden för Jung von Matt Stockholm för att få en djupare förståelse om konsumenternas attityder och för att anpassa Hästens Sängars reklamstrategi därefter. Resultatet visar att respondenterna antog att priset för en Hästenssäng som visades på bild i enkätundersökningen är betydligt lägre än det faktiska priset som sängen kostar i butik. Dessutom är betalningsviljan för sängens faktiska pris väldigt låg hos respondenterna. Slutsatserna från denna studie ger Jung von Matt vägledning för framtida prioriteringar. Resultatet är av stort värde för att förbättra och utveckla Hästens Sängars reklamstrategi.

<p> The Meguma Group is situated in the southeastern and southwestern regions of Nova Scotia. The Meguma Group is divided into two formations: the Goldenville and the Halifax. Both formations are comprised of A and E divisions of the Bouma sequence. Thus, the Meguma Group is a turbidite deposit. Auriferous quartz veins strike parallel to bedding and occur between the lower Bouma cycle's E division and the overlying Bouma cycle's A division. The development of bedding-parallel veins was due to hydraulic fracturing of the Bouma units.</p> <p> The bedding-parallel quartz veins were emplaced at low temperatures, from 260°C to 300°C. The fluid which precipitated the gold-arsenopyrite-quartz veins consisted of a divalent cation salt species (MgCl2) and hydrosulphide ligands which were the main complexing agent of gold.</p> <p> Gold was precipitated due to the reduction of sulphide ligands as they came into contact with the organic-rich slates of the E division of the Bouma sequence. Sulphide reduction was not complete, thus a large concentration of gold remained in solution later to be precipitated with arsenic in arsenopyrite.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)