Diploma work was performed on a total of six lots in Vysočina County, where he measured the effect of the separation, the effect of weather and temperatures, and comparing technologies casing Rock removal of soil and techniques of planting and harvesting on quality, yield potato starch content and yield and mechanical damage of potato tubers. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of casing Rock removal of the content and starch yield and mechanical damage of potato tubers. Were evaluated three varieties of potatoes destined for processing into starch. Ornella varieties, Susan and Eurostarch. All three varieties were investigated on land záhonovým odkameněním without Rock removal. In the reporting year for all three varieties to odkameněných land has been greater yield of starch and up 2% and damage decreased by 20%. In parallel, it was found that the difference in tuber yield per hectare of the land is záhonovým odkameněním and land without casing Rock removal were influenced by variety.

The present work has as its main objective to analyze the influence of the mortar bedding in the resistance to compression of small structure masonry walls. For this study were used two types of ceramic blocks (bulk wall blocks and hollow wall blocks), three types of mortar (2 Mpa, 4 Mpa and 10 Mpa) and two types of mortar bedding: whole bedding when the blocks are bedded with mortar in all contact surfaces and longitudinal bedding when the blocks are bedded with only two longitudinal lines (external thickness of the block). Two types dos blocks and mortar were individually characterized through various specific norms tests and afterwards 72 small walls were built. The small walls were built with the pattern dimension of 140 mm x 450 mm x 900 mm being 4 rows in height + u low channel length of one and a half blocks and width of one block. The blocks at the extremities of the walls were already mounted bathed in a cement paste. The analyses of the results show that for the 2 Mpa mortar, bulk wall block and whole bedding the average resistance is 4.68 Mpa and for the 10 Mpa mortar considering the same conditions the average resistance increases to 6.57 Mpa (40.4%). For the 2 Mpa mortar, hollow wall blocks and longitudinal mortar bedding the average resistance is 2.9 Mpa and for the 10 Mpa mortar, considering the same conditions the average resistance increased to 3.33 Mpa (14.8%) / O presente trabalho tem com objetivo principal analisar a influência do tipo de argamassamento na resistência à compressão de pequenas paredes de alvenaria estrutural cerâmica. Para o estudo, foram utilizados dois tipos de blocos cerâmicos (paredes maciças e paredes vazadas), três tipos de argamassa (2, 4 e 10 MPa) e dois tipos argamassamento: pleno quando os blocos são assentados com argamassa em todas as suas paredes (superfície de contato) e longitudinal quando o bloco é assentado com argamassa colocada somente em dois filetes longitudinais (paredinhas externas do bloco). Os tipos de blocos e de argamassas foram caracterizados individualmente através de diversos ensaios específicos de norma e posteriormente foram confeccionadas de 72 pequenas paredes. As pequenas paredes tinham dimensões 140 mm x 450 mm x 900 mm sendo: altura de 4 fiadas + 1 canaleta u baixa de 9 cm comprimento de 1 bloco e meio largura de um bloco. Os blocos das extremidades das paredes foram montados já capeados com pasta de cimento. A análise dos resultados mostrou que, para a argamassa de 2 MPa, bloco de paredes maciças e argamassamento pleno, a resistência média é de 4,68 MPa e, para a argamassa de 10 MPa, mantendose as demais condições, a resistência média aumenta para 6,57 MPa (40,4%). Já para a argamassa de 2 MPa , bloco de paredes maciças e argamassamento longitudinal, a resistência média é de 2,90 MPa e, para a argamassa de 10 MPa, mantendose as demais condições, a resistência média aumenta para 3,33 MPa (14,8%)

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o microclima interno de escamoteadores com diferentes formulações de placas cimentícias para o piso, aquecido com resistência elétrica. As placas de argamassa de cimento Portland tiveram por base o aproveitamento de resíduos agropecuários (cama sobreposta de suíno, fibra curta de sisal e casca de arroz) na sua confecção, em busca da melhoria nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas das placas. Essas matérias-primas serão utilizadas como material alternativo, na busca do reaproveitamento destes resíduos, que, na maioria das vezes, são descartados de forma errônea, prejudicando o meio ambiente. Esses resíduos foram caracterizados de forma a analisar sua potencialidade para a confecção das placas para piso de abrigo escamoteador. Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova com seis diferentes tipos de formulações: referência de cimento Portland (C1), de CCSS em substituição a 30% em massa do cimento Portland (C2); de CCSS substituindo 30% de cimento Portland e fibras curtas de sisal substituindo 1,7% da massa da areia (C3); de CCSS substituindo 30% de cimento Portland e com casca de arroz substituindo 4% em massa de areia (C4); de cimento Portland com casca de arroz substituindo 4% da areia (C5); de cimento Portland com fibras curtas de sisal substituindo 1,7% da massa da areia (C6). Com base nos resultados dos ensaios físicos e mecânicos, as melhores formulações (C2, C3 e C4) foram escolhidas para a confecção das placas para o abrigo escamoteador. Para caracterização do ambiente, foram utilizados data-loggers para coleta de variáveis para determinação dos índices de conforto térmico: índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU), carga térmica radiante (CTR), entalpia (H), além dos índices analisou-se também a temperatura ambiental (TA) e a umidade relativa (UR). Os dias com menor valor de entalpia (H) foram considerados para análise comparativa dos índices de conforto, e os abrigos escamoteadores foram submetidos a quatro diferentes temperaturas de resistência (30, 35, 45 e 55 ºC). Os valores recome ndados para ITGU, CTR, H, TA e UR foram observados nos três diferentes tratamentos com a temperatura da resistência elétrica acima de 35ºC. Os resultado s obtidos validaram o destino alternativo a CCSS, a fibra de sisal e a casca de arroz, como materiais viáveis para utilização em placas de piso para abrigos escamoteadores com aceitável desempenho térmico, físico e mecânico. / The objective of this study is to evaluate the internal microclimate of piggy\'s houses with different formulations of cementitious boards for the floor, warmed with electrical resistance. The boards of ordinary Portland cement mortar were based on the use of agricultural residues (swine deep bedding, short-fiber sisal and rice husk) in its production, in search of improvement in physical and mechanical properties of the plates. These raw materials will be used as alternative materials searching reuse of waste, which in most cases are disposed of wrongly, harming the environment. These wastes were characterized in order to assess was potential for making the plates for floor piggy\'s houses. Samples were prepared with six different types of formulations: reference ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (C1), replacement of OPC by 30% by weight of ashes swine deep bedding (ASDB) (C2); replacement of OPC by 30% of ASDB and fiber short sisal replacing 1.7% of the mass of sand (C3); replacement of OPC by 30% of ASDB and rice husk replacing 4% by mass of sand (C4); OPC with rice husk replacing 4% of the sand (C5); OPC with short sisal fibers replacing 1.7% of the sand (C6). Based on the results of the mechanical and physical tests, the best formulations (C2, C3 and C4) were chosen for the preparation of the floor plates in the piggy\'s houses. To characterize the environment, data-loggers were installed for the collection of variables to determine the thermal comfort indices: black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI), radiant heat load (RHL), enthalpy (H), ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH). The days with lower values of enthalpy (H) were considered for comparative analyses of the comfort indices, and piggy\'s houses were subjected to four different temperatures of electric resistance (30, 35, 45 and 55ºC). The recommended v alues for BGHI, RHL, H, AT and RH were achieved in the three different treatments with temperature of electric resistance above 35ºC. The results validat ed the alternative destination to ASDB, sisal fiber and rice husks as viable material for use in floor plates piggy\'s houses with acceptable thermal, physical and mechanical performance.

O enxoval é conhecido desde a antiguidade e tem passado por uma série de modificações, refletidas no tipo de tecido, confecção, design, moda e na participação do mercado. Estas mudanças também foram influenciadas pela mudança da posição da mulher na sociedade. A presente pesquisa objetivou em estudar o desenvolvimento do setor de cama, mesa e banho no Brasil, ocorrido de 1976 a 2017, em termos de aspectos de mercado, materiais e processos têxteis, design e moda. A metodologia consistiu em pesquisa das revistas Casa Vogue Brasil e Casa Cláudia de 1977 a 2017 para estudo e análise de materiais têxteis, designs e marcas do setor de cama, mesa e banho a partir das imagens e textos. Em adição, foi efetuada, em base dos principais relatórios relacionados à indústria têxtil e de confecção e demais literatura, pesquisa dos processos e maquinários para a produção de cama, mesa e banho e aspectos de mercado desse setor. Por fim, foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas do setor de cama, mesa e banho. Os materiais e designs têxteis clássicos são nítidos na preferência da apresentação de estilo. Em relação ao comércio, ocorreram grandes mudanças no mercado brasileiro dos anos 1976 aos 2017. No início desse período o destaque eram lojas de departamento e, com o passar dos anos, as empresas foram criando seu espaço com destaques nas marcas. As marcas com maior apresentação nas últimas duas décadas (anos 2000 e 2010) da revista Casa Vogue Brasil foram Trousseau, Trussardi e a loja de departamento de multimarcas Mundo do Enxoval (essas marcas tem o destaque para o público de maior poder aquisitivo no Brasil). Na revista Casa Cláudia, foram Buddemeyer, Trousseau e MMartan. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se mais acessível a compra dos produtos de cama, mesa e banho industrializados e aumentou assim a exportação brasileira. As evoluções dos maquinários e todo o processo envolvido, auxiliaram à obtenção de produtos com valores mais acessíveis, melhor qualidade e padronagem dos produtos acabados. Constata-se que, o setor avança e se desenvolve constituindo um importante papel na produção têxtil. No entanto, os padrões clássicos predominam com destaque para a cor branca e o tecido de algodão nos produtos de cama, mesa e banho, sendo o bordado o ornamento de destaque do estilo desses produtos. A manutenção desses padrões por parte dos fabricantes brasileiros é interessante para manter vendas no mercado interno, mas um limitante para produtos de exportação destinados a públicos com valores e gostos estéticos distintos e com maior oferta de itens com variedade de designs de superfície / The trousseau has been known since antiquity and has undergone a series of modifications, reflected in the type of fabric, confection, design, fashion and market share. These changes were also influenced by the changing position of women in society. The present study aimed to study the development of the bed, table and bathroom sector in Brazil, from 1976 to 2017, in terms of market, materials and textile processes, design and fashion. The methodology consisted of a survey of Casa Vogue Brasil and Casa Claudia magazines from 1977 to 2017 for the study and analysis of textile materials, designs and brands in the bed, table and bathroom sector based on images and texts. In addition, on the basis of the main reports related to the textile and clothing industry and other literature, research was carried out on the processes and machinery for the production of bed, table and bath and market aspects of this sector. Finally, interviews were conducted with companies in the bed, table and bathroom sector. The classic textile materials and designs are crisp in style presentation preference. In terms of trade, there were major changes in the Brazilian market from 1976 to 2017. At the beginning of this period the highlights were department stores and, over the years, companies were creating their space with highlights in the brands. The most prominent brands in the last two decades (2000 and 2010) of Casa Vogue Brasil magazine were Trousseau, Trussardi and the multi-brand department store Mundo do Enxoval (these brands have the highlight for the most affluent public in Brazil). In the magazine House Claudia, were Buddemeyer, Trousseau and MMartan. With the technological advance, it became more accessible the purchase of products of bed, table and bath industrialized and thus increased the Brazilian export. The evolutions of the machinery and the whole process involved, helped to obtain products with more accessible values, better quality and standardization of the finished products. It is observed that, the sector advances and develops playing an important role in the textile production. However, classic patterns predominate with white and cotton in bed, table and bath products, with embroidery being the most outstanding ornament of the style of these products. The maintenance of these standards by the Brazilian manufacturers is interesting to maintain sales in the domestic market, but a limitation for export products destined to audiences with different values and aesthetic tastes and with a greater supply of items with a variety of surface designs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of pig manure, especially of the deep-bedding manure, is not so often in the winter cover crops, preceding the summer commercial plantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soil and the black oat production with the use of pig slurry and deep-bedding manure. Emphasis has been given to the losses of N for ammonia volatilization, to the variation in the amounts of mineral N, to the decomposition of the organic materials and the oat N accumulation. Three experiments were conducted in field conditions in a typic Hapludalf soil, at the experimental area of the Soil Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, from May to October of 2003. In the first experiment, the ammonia volatilization was evaluated after the application of the pig slurry and deep-bedding manure on the crop residues of corn, in the following treatments: T1 - crop residues of corn (RCM) + 44,2 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry; T2 - RCM + 17,9 Mg ha-1 deep-bedding; T3 - RCM without incorporation; T4 - RCM + 44,2 m3 ha-1 pig slurry with incorporation and T5 - RCM with incorporation. The N losses by ammonia volatilization were higher in deep-bedding manure than in the pig slurry, proportionally. No loss of the N for ammonia volatilization was observed with the incorporation of the pig slurry in the soil. The highest ammonia emissions for the atmosphere (65%) occurred during the first day after the application of the pig slurry and the deep-bedding manure in the field. In the second experiment the N dynamics was evaluated in the soil during the black oat cultivation, through the temporary variation of the amounts of mineral N (NNH4+ and N-NO2- + N-NO3-). Also, the dry matter production and N accumulation in oat in the following treatments: T1 crop residues of corn (RCM) + 44,2 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry of ; T2 - RCM + 17,9 Mg ha-1 of deep-bedding manure; T3 - RCM + 9,7 Mg ha-1 of deep-bedding manure; T4 - RCM + 50 kg ha-1 of N-urea and T5 - RCM. For equivalent amounts of mineral N applied to the soil with the deep-bedding manure and the pig slurry, the amount of mineral N in the soil was higher in the pig slurry, evidencing a lower rate of mineralization of organic N of the deep-bedding manure. The ammoniacal N of the pig slurry was quickly nitrified in the soil and N-NO3- produced moved in the soil profile. This shows the evidences of lossing N by lixiviation. The deep-bedding manure presented low potential of supply of N to the oat, compared to the pig slurry. Only 22.5% of the ammoniacal N applied with the pig slurry was recovered in the oat. In the physiologic maturation of the oat 52.6% of ammoniacal N applied with the pig slurry was found in the soil-plant system. In the third experiment was evaluated the effect of the addition of pig manure on the decomposition of the crop residues of corn (RCM), without incorporation to the soil. The emission of C-CO2 was quantified continually for 62 days in the following treatments: T1 - Soil + RCM + 44,3 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry; T2 - Soil + RCM + 17,9 Mg ha-1 deep-bedding manure; T3 - Soil + RCM; T4 - Soil + 44,3 m3 ha-1 of pig slurry; T5 - Soil + 17,9 Mg ha-1 deep-bedding manure and T6 - Soil. The decomposition was higher in the pig slurry than in the deep bedding, revealing the highest degree of recalcitrant of the carbon compost of the deep-bedding manure. The decomposition of the crop residues of corn, with high C/N ratio, was improved with the application to the pig slurry. / O uso de dejetos de suínos, especialmente da cama sobreposta, é relativamente pouco freqüente em plantas de cobertura de solo no inverno, antecedendo às culturas comerciais de verão. Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a dinâmica do carbono e do nitrogênio no solo e a produção da cultura da aveia preta com o uso de dejetos líquidos e cama sobreposta de suínos, com ênfase às perdas de N por volatilização de amônia, à variação nas quantidades de N mineral no solo, à decomposição dos materiais orgânicos e ao acúmulo de N pela aveia. Para isso foram conduzidos três experimentos em condições de campo, no período de maio a outubro de 2003, na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) em um Argissolo Amarelo distrófico arênico. No primeiro experimento foi avaliada a volatilização de amônia após a aplicação de dejetos líquidos e cama sobreposta de suínos sobre os resíduos culturais de milho, nos seguintes tratamentos: T1- Resíduos culturais de milho (RCM) + 44,2 m3 ha-1 de dejetos líquidos de suínos; T2- RCM + 17,9 Mg ha-1 de cama sobreposta; T3- RCM sem incorporação ao solo; T4- RCM + 44,2 m3 ha-1 de dejetos líquidos de suínos com incorporação e T5- RCM com incorporação. Proporcionalmente, as perdas de N por volatilização de amônia foram maiores na cama sobreposta de suínos do que nos dejetos líquidos. Quando os dejetos líquidos de suínos foram incorporados ao solo não foram observadas perdas de N por volatilização de amônia. As maiores emissões de amônia para a atmosfera (65% do total emitido) ocorreram durante o primeiro dia após a aplicação dos dejetos líquidos e da cama sobreposta no campo. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a dinâmica do N no solo durante o cultivo da aveia preta, através da variação temporal das quantidades de N mineral (N-NH4+ e N-NO3- + N-NO2-), e também a produção de matéria seca a acúmulo de N da aveia nos seguintes tratamentos: T1- Resíduos culturais de milho (RCM) + 44,2 m3 ha-1 de dejetos líquidos de suínos; T2- RCM + 17,9 Mg ha-1 de cama sobreposta; T3- RCM + 9,7 Mg ha-1 de cama sobreposta; T4- RCM + 50 kg ha-1 de N-uréia e T5- RCM. Para quantidades equivalentes de N mineral aplicadas ao solo com a cama sobreposta e os dejetos líquidos, a quantidade de mineral no solo durante o cultivo de aveia foi maior nos dejetos líquidos, evidenciando a baixa taxa de mineralização do N orgânico da cama sobreposta . O N amoniacal dos dejetos líquidos foi rapidamente nitrificado no solo e o N-NO3 - produzido se deslocou no perfil do solo havendo evidências de perdas desta forma de N por lixiviação. A cama sobreposta de suínos apresentou menor potencial de fornecimento de N à aveia, comparado com os dejetos líquidos de suínos. Apenas 22,5% do N amoniacal aplicado com os dejetos foi recuperado pela cultura da aveia. No florescimento pleno da aveia 52,6% do N amoniacal aplicado com os dejetos líquidos foi encontrado no sistema solo-planta. No terceiro experimento foi avaliado o efeito da adição de dejetos sobre a decomposição dos resíduos culturais do milho (RCM), sem incorporação ao solo. Para isso, foi quantificada a emissão de C-CO2 continuamente durante 62 dias nos seguintes tratamentos: T1- Solo + RCM + 44,3 m3 ha-1 de dejetos líquidos; T2- Solo + RCM + 17,9 Mg ha-1 de cama sobreposta; T3- Solo + RCM; T4- Solo + 44,3 m3 ha-1 de dejetos líquidos; T5- Solo + 17,9 Mg ha-1 de cama sobreposta e T6- Solo. A decomposição dos dejetos líquidos foi maior do que a cama sobreposta de suínos, revelando o maior grau de recalcitrância dos compostos carbonados da cama sobreposta. A decomposição dos resíduos culturais de milho, com elevada relação C/N, foi favorecida pela aplicação dos dejetos líquidos de suínos, sendo que a mesma aumentou em 21%.

No description available.

Sandstone bodies of the Lower and Middle Turonian well exposed in the northwestern part of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin represent deposits of the coarse-grained deltas. Aim of this paper is to interpret the architectures, stratigraphy and depositional regime of these bodies. The main architectural elements are clinoforms which show intermediate dip 4ř to 5ř of the delta slope and the direction of the progradation of the delta to the west-southwest. Correlation of the lithological profiles with the well - log data provided the stratigraphic classification of the outcrops in the studied area mostly to the genetic sequence TUR2. Correlations in one of the two stratigraphic cross - sections revealed the existence of the second delta body prograding into the basin from Most - Teplice Palaeohigh during TUR1. Detailed study of the sedimentary structures in the outcrops show high degree of reworking of foresets by tidal generated current. Two main directions of the paleocurrents results from the analysis - dominant current to the NW and subordinate current to the SE - SSE.

In horse keeping horse manure is produced, which can be utilized as a fertilizer or considered a waste. Horse manure constitutes a resource in terms of both plant nutrients and energy. In addition energy policies and objectives aim at replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The interest to improve resource recovery of horse manure increases due various incentives for renewable vehicle fuels, legal requirements on management of manure, and environmental impact from current horse manure management. This thesis aims at describing horse manure management in a life cycle perspective. This is made by (1) identifying factors in horse keeping affect­ing the possibility to use horse manure as a biogas feedstock and to recycle plant nutrients, (2) analysing factors in anaerobic digestion with influence on methane potential and biofertilizer nutrient content and (3) comparing the environmental impact from different horse manure treatment methods. Literature reviews, systematic combining, and simulations have been used as research methods. The results show that horse keeping activities such as feeding, indoor keeping, outdoor keeping and manure storage affect the amount and charac­teristics of horse manure and thereby also the possibilities for anaerobic digestion horse manure. Transport affects the collected amount and spread­ing affects loss of nutrients and nutrient recycling. Simulation results in­dicate the highest methane yield and energy balance from paper bedding, while straw and peat gave a higher nutrient content of the biofertilizer. The highest methane yield was achieved with a low rate of bedding, which in the cases of woodchips and paper is also preferable for plant nutrient recycling. Still, results indicate the best energy balance from anaerobic digestion with a high ratio of bedding. The environmental impact assessment indicates a reduction in global warming potential for anaerobic digestion compared to incineration or composting. / Vid hästhållning alstras hästgödsel som kan användas som växtnäring eller anses vara ett avfall. Hästgödsel utgör både en växtnäringsresurs och en energi resurs. Dessutom styr uppsatta energimål mot att förnybar energi ska ersätta fossila bränslen. Intresset för att öka resursutnyttjandet av hästgödsel ökar på grund av olika incitament för förnybara drivmedel, lagstiftning om gödselhantering och miljöpåverkan från dagens hantering av hästgödsel. I den här avhandlingen beskrivs hästgödselhantering i ett livscykel­perspektiv genom att (1) identifiera olika faktorer vid hästhållningen som påverkar möjligheten att utvinna biogas ur hästgödsel och återföra näringen till jordbruksmark, (2) analysera faktorer i biogasprocessen som påverkar den specifika metanmängden och innehållet av växtnäring i gödseln och (3) jämföra olika gödselhanteringsmetoders miljöpåverkan. Metoderna i avhan­dlingen har varit litteraturstudier, systematisk kombination av teori och em­piri samt simulering. Resultaten visar att utfodringen, om och hur hästarna hålls inomhus och utomhus och hur hästgödsel lagras påverkar mängden hästgödsel och dess egenskaper, och därmed också hur den fungerar som ett biogassubstrat. Trans­porterna har betydelse för hur mycket gödsel som kan samlas in och spridas, medan gödselspridningen påverkar näringsförluster och närings återföring. Resultaten från simuleringarna indikerar högst metanutbyte och bäst energi­balans från papper som strömaterial, medan halm och torv gav högre växt­näringsinnehåll i biogödseln. De högsta resultaten på specifik metanmängd nåddes med låg andel strö, vilket också var positivt för växtnäringsinnehållet vid scenarierna med spån och papper. Samtidigt indikerar resultaten att en hög andel strömaterial ger den bästa energibalansen. Miljöpåverkansbedöm­ningen indikerar att potentialen för klimatpåverkan minskar om hästgödsel behandlas i en biogasprocess jämfört med förbränning eller kompostering.

Riparian wetlands may provide numerous ecosystem services, including water quality protection, food and fiber supply, wildlife habitat, and carbon sequestration. In recent years, riparian forests have received increased attention and funding for riparian forest restoration projects. Unfortunately, failures of riparian restoration efforts are likely due to mortality of planted trees. Tree mortality is commonly attributable to several factors, including selection of species that are not well suited to the wetland sites, inadequate planting densities, soil compaction associated with former agricultural activities, lack of microtopographic relief that allow small seedling to survive on wet sites, competition by herbaceous plants, and browse. Selection of well-suited species, dense planting and use of mechanical soil site preparations are all potential remedies to partially address success of wetland restoration plantings. Riparian restoration projects have historically been undertaken with goals of improving water quality and/or wildlife habitat, but in recent years there has been increased valuation of carbon sequestration. Carbon valuation appears to be increasing, but more research is needed to determine rates and pools of carbon accumulation in riparian areas. Our research quantifies forest establishment effects on multiple carbon pools in a densely planted, 12-year-old old-field riparian restoration. Our research evaluated the effects of four soil mechanical site preparations (bed, disk, pit, and mound and rip) and species selection (American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and willow oak, (Quercus phellos) on forest establishment and carbon storage across multiple pools, namely in planted trees, herbaceous vegetation, fine roots, organic soil horizons, and the mineral soil. At 12 years, we found that species selection was more important to carbon storage than site preparation. American sycamore was well suited to the site and had better survival than willow oak (64% vs 42% survival). American sycamore also stored more carbon across all site preparations than willow oak. Measured carbon storage averaged 74.8 Mg ha-1 for American sycamore treatments and 63.1 Mg ha-1 for willow oak treatments. The plots were densely planted (1.2 m (4ft) by 1.8 m (6ft) spacing), and forests were established even in higher mortality willow oak plots. These results indicate that high planting density is potentially a viable practice for establishing riparian forest cover, especially if desired species are marginally site suited or other survival inhibiting factors exist. / Master of Science / Riparian forests located within the floodplain of streams are known to protect stream water quality, provide wildlife habitat, and store carbon. Due to these benefits, trees may be replanted on riparian areas that were formerly used for agriculture. Unfortunately, trees planted on these restoration sites have often died. The tree mortality may be due to planting incorrect tree species that may struggle on wet floodplains, soil compaction from agricultural practices, not enough trees being planted, and restored floodplains lacking small, elevated areas common across natural wetlands known to favor tree rooting and survival. Reasonably, selecting species that are well suited to a specific site, planting trees more densely, and using plowing methods designed to break up compaction and create some relief in elevation would amend these issues. Traditionally, floodplain restorations have focused on improving water quality and providing habitat for wildlife, but the benefits of storing carbon have become increasingly valuable in recent years. While we know that wetlands store carbon, research is needed to examine how quickly and where carbon is stored. Our research quantifies forest establishment and carbon storage of very densely planted, 12-year-old American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and willow oak (Quercus phellos) plantations. This research examines the effects four soil tillage methods and tree species selection had on tree survival and carbon storage. Carbon storage was measured in vegetation, soil, and small roots. Twelve years after planting, species selection had a greater impact on carbon storage than soil tillage methods. No tillage method altered survival or total carbon after 12 years, but American sycamore was found to have better survival and more carbon than willow oak in all soil tillage treatments. Both species were successful in establishing planted forests on the floodplain, but the success was aided by the very high initial numbers of planted trees that ensured enough trees would survive on the site even after trees were lost to mortality. Creation of willow oak forests benefitted more from dense planting, as it was less suited to the site and more planted willow oaks died. We recommend tillage for compacted soil, selecting the most suitable tree species, and planting adequate numbers of trees.

No description available.