A plethora of studies in South Africa have examined the reading success of Grade 3 in the Foundation Phase in African Schools, but have investigated teachers’ perspectives on the methods used for reading instruction in Grade 1 of rural schools. This study is qualitative in nature and examined First Grade teachers’ methods used in teaching beginning reading in Setswana using different approaches: the Traditional method, Sentence method, Breakthrough to Setswana Programme and Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) approach. The researcher collected data from 8 Foundation Phase Schools in Bojanala District of Brits that are under the Department of Education (DOE). The sample was drawn from four Foundations Phase Schools from February to April and June to August 2011; four teachers were observed and interviewed on the teaching of beginning reading. In order to establish how the research was approached, observations, interviews and documents analysis were used as instruments. For purposes of this dissertation, the researcher also analyzed these four schools in detail in order to provide the context that informed reasons for teachers’ perspectives. The findings indicated that teachers felt differently about the use of different and same methods in teaching beginning reading. However, teachers did not always utilize their observations to improve teaching. Teachers’ beliefs about when to introduce children to the reading of extended texts differed depending on their assumptions on learning to read. Their perspectives were affected by their own knowledge of reading, the programs, methods, and the expectations of circuit and district administrators. Limited resources and space within the programs also affected their teaching of reading. All teachers in the study expressed the need for adequate training and in-service workshops that take into account the context in which they worked. This study, recommends more collaboration between teachers and local circuit and district administrators when, planning and delivering teaching approaches and workshops. Teachers and local administrators need to keep abreast with new developments in the fields of language and literacy development in order to effectively challenge and critique new approaches. Finally, they should also be supported in doing investigation on teaching and learning in their classrooms. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

La recherche porte sur le sentiment identitaire professionnel des débutants infirmiers. Elle interroge le vécu subjectif des débuts professionnels et éclaire les rapports entre les dynamiques identitaires (Kaddouri, 2006) en jeu dans cette transition (Guichard, 2007) et l’émergence de la professionnalité. La méthodologie qualitative dans le cadre d’une approche psychophénoménologique (Vermersch, 2012), permet de questionner la logique personnelle du sujet dans ces moments (Mouchet, 2014), en mobilisant principalement les concepts de sentiment identitaire (Erikson, 1968 ; Allport, 1970 ; Tap, 1988) et de professionnalité émergente (Jorro, 2011). L’étude longitudinale s’appuie sur des entretiens compréhensifs (Kaufmann, 2014), d’explicitation (Vermersch, 1994) avec décryptage de sens (Faingold, 1998, 2011) et d’explicitation biographique (Lesourd, 2009). Les résultats mettent en évidence l’émergence d’un sentiment identitaire professionnel nécessaire à la construction de la professionnalité émergente spécifique des débutants infirmiers, et pourraient être pris en compte pour repenser leur accompagnement. / The doctoral research focuses on nursing beginners’professional identity feeling. It questions subjective experience about starting and enlightens the relations between identity dynamics (Kaddouri, 2006) during this transition (Guichard, 2007) and the emergence of the beginner’s professionalism. The qualitative methodology, in a psychophenomenology approach (Vermersch, 2012), questions personal subject logic in these moments (Mouchet, 2014) ; it mainly relies on concepts of identity feeling (Erikson, 1968; Allport, 1970; Tap, 1988) and emerging professionalism (Jorro, 2011).The longitudinal study is based on comprehensive interviews (Kaufmann, 2014), elicitation interviews (Vermersch, 1994) completed with the decryption of meanings (Faingold, 2011) and biographical interviews combined with elicitation (Lesourd, 2009).The results reveal a professional identity feeling which emerges among the beginners, and which is useful to develop their specific emerging beginning professionalism, and help to reconsider the professional accompaniment.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-11T12:16:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vera Lúcia Reis da Silva_.pdf: 1436723 bytes, checksum: dd2a983f783c6d6d5ba82a0036d349da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T12:16:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vera Lúcia Reis da Silva_.pdf: 1436723 bytes, checksum: dd2a983f783c6d6d5ba82a0036d349da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-23 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal compreender o processo de construção de professores iniciantes na docência universitária, em tempos de expansão e interiorização da rede pública ocorrida no Brasil, na primeira década do século XXI. Tomou como lócus a Universidade Federal do Amazonas, mais especificamente, para os dados empíricos, o Campus de Humaitá. Na perspectiva para essa compreensão foi desenvolvida uma investigação qualitativa, ouvindo, através de narrativas, quatro docentes de áreas distintas, que atenderam aos critérios definidos pelo estudo, na condição de iniciantes na carreira universitária, com não mais de cinco anos de experiência nesse nível de ensino. Essa escolha possibilitou melhor configurar a abrangência do objeto de estudo. Para a interpretação dos dados foram utilizados os princípios da Análise de Conteúdo. Os aportes teóricos tiveram como base principal os estudos de Cunha; Pimenta e Anastasiou; Veiga; Nóvoa; Marcelo Garcia; Vaillant; Mayor Ruiz; Larrosa e Lucarelli, entre outras contribuições que fundamentaram os temas centrais. Na perspectiva de alcançar o objetivo proposto, algumas questões foram norteadoras, em especial as relacionadas aos percursos de formação dos professores; estímulos que tiveram para a escolha profissional e influências de sua condição de estudantes, a partir das aprendizagens feitas com seus ex-professores, bem como compreender o impacto da formação acadêmica na sua profissionalidade. Procuramos, também, desvendar se receberam apoio institucional para essa fase de inserção e que importância atribuem a um possível movimento nessa direção. Ampliando ainda mais os estudos, provocamos as narrativas sobre as principais experiências que marcaram a trajetória inicial da docência e o que significaram para as suas práticas cotidianas. Interessou, também, ao estudo, compreender o valor que atribuem à didática universitária e como as estratégias de formação e de desenvolvimento profissional podem ser mobilizadas para fortalecer a docência. Os resultados evidenciaram que as expressões ―choque com a realidade‖; ―solidão pedagógica‖; ―aterrissa como podes‖; ―nada ou afunda-te‖ são capazes de caracterizar o vivido pelos professores nos seus anos iniciais na Universidade, pois não encontraram acolhimento de forma sistematizada, com apoio institucional. Assistematicamente, tiveram auxílios de colegas e aprenderam principalmente na prática, com seus alunos, através do ensaio e do erro. Entretanto, a condição de iniciantes não os impediu de assumirem funções burocrático-administrativas entendidas, por eles, como promotoras de amadurecimento profissional. O dinamismo, a reflexão sobre as práticas e o compromisso com a formação dos estudantes estiveram presentes nas narrativas dos docentes, evidenciando que se seu processo de construção se alicerça, principalmente, nos modelos e nos contramodelos trazidas das suas trajetórias acadêmicas. Trata-se de um saber cultural que parece responder aos desafios que enfrentam, mas sem uma base teórica que fortaleça a necessária profissionalidade. Na dinamicidade da prática docente, os professores estão se construindo de forma singular, se refazendo e configurando uma identidade própria de ser professor. Entretanto, a fragilidade da formação para a docência e a insipiência do apoio institucional no ambiente acadêmico retarda e afeta a construção da profissionalidade, que se situa mais numa responsabilidade individual, do que como parte das políticas públicas que sustentam a expansão da educação superior pública no país. / This research has the main objective of understanding the development process of teachers beginning in the job of teaching in the university, in times of expansion and growing of the public universities in the countryside, that happened in the first decade of the 21st century. It took place in the Federal University of Amazon, most specifically, for empirical data, the Campus in the city of Humaitá. In the perspective for this comprehension it was developed a qualitative investigation, listening, through narratives, four professors in different fields, that fit the criteria defined by the study, in the condition of initiating the career in teaching at the university, with no more than five years of experience in this level of teaching. This choice allowed to characterize better the coverage of the object of study. For the data interpretation it was used the principles of content analysis. The main theoretical base came from the studies from Cunha; Pimenta e Anastasiou; Veiga; Nóvoa; Marcelo Garcia; Vaillant; Mayor Ruiz; Larrosa e Lucarelli, among other contributions that fundament the central themes. In the perspective of fulfilling the proposed objective, some questions were very important, especially the ones related to the path crossed by the teachers in their study period becoming a professor; stimuli they had for chosing their professional career and influences of their student condition, from what they learned with their own ex-teachers and also understand the impact of the academic learnings in their professionality. We also tried to find out if they received any institutional support to this induction time and what is the importance they attribute to possible movement in this direction. Amplifying even more the studies, we provoked the narratives about the main experiences that marked the initial trajectory of teaching and what these experiences meant to their daily practice. It, too, interested the study to comprehend the value that these teachers attribute to the university didactics and how the career and professional development strategies could be mobilized to strengthen their teaching. The results showed that expressions as ―reality chock‖, ―pedagogic loneliness‖; ―land as you can‖, ―swim or sink‖ are capable to characterize what the teachers lived in their first years of teaching in the university, because they systematized welcoming. Informally, they got help from their colleagues and learned in the practice, with their student through trial and error. But still, the beginner condition didn´t prevent them to take responsibility for bureaucratic-administrative roles, understood by them by promoting the professional maturation. The dynamism, the reflection about the practice and the commitment with the students development were present in the narratives of the professors, showing that their process of building the bases, mainly in the models and contramodels brought in their academicals trajectory. It is about a cultural knowledge that seems to respond to the challenges that they face, but without a theoretical base which strengthens the necessary professionality. In the teaching practice dynamics, the teachers are building in a unique way, redoing themselves and creating their own identities of being a teacher. The fragility, though, of their preparation for teaching and lack of institutional support in the academic environment postpones and affects the professionality, that takes place more in an individual responsibility than as part of public policies that support the expansion of superior education in Brazil.

Em um mundo globalizado e cada vez mais conectado, os indivíduos são chamados a agir e interagir nos diversos contextos comunicativos. No que diz respeito ao ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, a expressão oral ocupa um lugar de destaque, como uma das principais competências a ser desenvolvida desde os níveis iniciantes. No contexto universitário, a prática oral nos cursos de línguas e as possibilidades de ampliação dos espaços de comunicação em diferentes situações devido à internacionalização das universidades, tornam-se imprescindíveis. Além de uma formação mais reflexiva e formativa, o desenvolvimento da expressão oral dos aprendizes pressupõe compreender a aula de língua e seu complexo funcionamento. Isto posto, observamos a necessidade de multiplicar os espaços de prática do oral na universidade e de repensar ações pedagógicas efetivas que possam contribuir à formação do aprendiz iniciante e ao desenvolvimento de sua expressão oral. Ao considerar a sala de aula de língua estrangeira como um espaço de troca e de transformação voltado para a ação interativa e reflexiva (BIGOT, 2009; KOCH, 2012), valemo-nos da concepção de ensino-aprendizagem da perspectiva acional (CONSELHO DA EUROPA, 2001; PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009), em que os aprendizes devem produzir e refletir para tornarem-se futuros atores sociais independentes (WEBER, 2013). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no âmbito de um curso de Letras - habilitação em francês - de uma universidade pública paulista, no contexto de ensino-aprendizagem de Francês Língua Estrangeira (FLE) em níveis iniciantes. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, e se insere em um estudo de pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 2009). A partir da criação e elaboração de um curso de conversação, objetivamos investigar o desenvolvimento da expressão oral de aprendizes iniciantes por meio da realização de tarefas comunicativas em torno da temática de uma viagem à França, com a finalidade de observar quais aspectos estariam relacionados ao desenvolvimento da prática oral em língua francesa. Apoiados em uma análise qualitativa das interações orais desses aprendizes durante a realização de tarefas no curso, os resultados indicaram que ocorreu uma efetiva ressignificação em relação às representações sobre o oral e sobre o processo de aprendizagem como um todo. Esse movimento de ressignificação foi constatado, primeiramente, pela articulação entre as escolhas metodológicas feitas pelo professor e as tarefas comunicativas propostas de acordo com a temática do curso; num segundo momento, pela ampliação e variedade das situações em que os aprendizes interagiam oralmente e por último, pela autorreflexão que realizaram, pela qual se pôde observar o impacto do curso para o desenvolvimento da expressão oral dos aprendizes. / In a globalized and increasingly connected world, individuals are called to act and interact in various communicative contexts. In terms of teaching and learning foreign languages, the oral expression occupies a prominent place as one of the main competences to be developed with beginners. Oral expression training of a foreign language in the university context is becoming more and more relevant due to the expansion of international exchange between universities. In addition to a more reflective and consistent learning, the development of the oral expression at the beginner levels presupposes the understanding of language in the classroom context and its complex functioning. Thus, we observed the need to expand the practice space of oral expression in the university and to rethink effective pedagogical actions that can contribute to the training of beginners and the development of oral expression. When we consider the foreign language classroom as a place for interchange and transformation geared to interactive and reflexive action (BIGOT, 2009; KOCH, 2012), we consider therefore a notion of teaching and learning from the actional perspective (COUNCIL OF EUROPE, 2001; PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009), in which learners must produce and think in order to become future independent social actors (WEBER, 2013). This research was developed within the scope of a French major course of a public university in the context of teaching and learning French as a Foreign Language at beginner levels. Grounded in qualitative methodology and inserted in an actionresearch study (THIOLLENT, 2009), it was created and elaborated a French conversation course where we aimed to investigate the development of oral expression in beginners from the accomplishment of communicative tasks around the theme of a trip to France in order to observe which of these aspects would be related to the development of oral practice in the French language. From a qualitative analysis of the oral interactions between beginners during these tasks, the results indicate that an effective re-signification occurred in relation to representations about the oral expression and the learning process as a whole. This re-signification movement was verified, firstly, by the articulation between the methodological choices made by the teacher and the communicative tasks proposed in accordance with the theme of the course; secondly, by the increased variety of situations in which learners interacted with one another and, lastly, for their self-reflection, in the which it was observed the impact of the course in terms of the development of oral expression in beginner learners.

Temos aktualumas. Lietuvai tapus Europos Sąjungos nare, užsienio kalbų mokėjimas tapo labai aktualus ir svarbus veiksnys, kuris leistų gyventojams efektingai dalyvauti Europos švietimo, ekonominėje, socialinėje, kultūrinėje erdvėje. Tai skatina aiškintis anglų kalbos mokymo(si) problemas ir ieškoti būdų, kurie užtikrintų galimybes sėkmingai mokytis užsienio kalbos. Taigi labai svarbu išsiaiškinti veiksnius, kurie turi įtakos mokymosi kokybei. Aktualūs yra psichologiniai, pedagoginiai, socialiniai veiksniai, kurie įtakoja ne tik mokymąsi mokykloje, bet ir mokymąsi namuose. Vaiko gebėjimą mokytis nulemia asmeninės savybės, jį supanti aplinka ( mokyklos bei namų ), pačio mokinio ir tėvų bei mokytojų požiūris į mokymąsi. Gerų rezultatų siekimas mokymosi procese susijęs su demokratiškumo ir formaliojo ugdymo derinimu. Tuomet galima pasiekti gerų ugdymo rezultatų bei išugdyti visavertę, įvairiapusišką, daugiaplanę asmenybę. Todėl šiame darbe kalbama apie vaikų ugdymą demokratinėje kultūroje, ugdymą gerumu ir meile, patirtimi grįstą mokymą; lyginamas tradicinis užsienio kalbos mokymas ir mokymas orientuotas į vaiko patyrimą Anot V. Lepeškienės (1996), daugiausia išmoksta atviras naujam patyrimui vaikas. Problema. Mokykloje mokymas labiau orientuotas į dalyką, o ne į vaiko patyrimą. Formalus ugdymas ne visuomet susijęs su vaiko patirtimi, todėl vaikams trūksta neformalaus mokymosi patirties, įgytos žinios neformalioje aplinkoje nėra taikomos mokykloje. Anot Ralfo Weskampo (1999)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevance of the topic nowadays. Knowledge of the foreign languages is a relevant and an important factor, which lets for people to take part in European education, economic, social and cultural expansion. It encourages us to find out the problems of learning English language and to find the ways, which ensure possibilities of successful English language learning. So it is very important to find out the factors, which influence quality of the learning. Relevant factors are: psychological, pedagogical and social. These factors influence not only learning at school, but learning at home too. Pupil’s ability to learn determines personal characteristic, surroundings (of school and home), student’s, his parents’ and teacher’s attitude to the learning. Seeking of good education results is concerned with combine of democracy and formal education. Then it can be achieved good education results and acquired fully-fledged, well-rounded, manifold personality. That’s why in this work it is written about child’s education in democracy culture, about education based on love and goodness, about experiential learning; traditional English teaching and teaching based on child’s experience is compared. According A. Lepeskiene (1996), child, who is open to new experience, learns mostly. The problem. Teaching is based on a subject at school, not on child’s experience. Formal education nor always is concerned with child’s experience, so children are lack of informal learning experience, the... [to full text]

Aktualumas. Didžiausia dalis mokslinių, metodinių publikacijų nagrinėja suaugusių boksininkų rengimą ir mažai analizuojama jaunųjų boksininkų atrankos, technikos mokymo, treniravimo, varžybinės veiklos problemos (Cтрелников, 2000; Полиевский и др., 2002; Морозов, 2004). Šiuolaikinė praktika rodo, kad būtent ankstyvojo rengimo etapais (pradinio rengimo, sportinių įgūdžių ugdymo, pradinės specializacijos) būtina formuoti racionalią judesių techniką, atsižvelgiant į jaunųjų boksininkų greitumo, jėgos—greitumo kaitos dėsningumus (Суслов, Холодов, 1997; Новиков, 1999; М��розов, 2004). Mažai nagrinėjama ir aktuali problema jaunųjų boksininkų atletinis ir specialus fizinis parengtumas pradinio rengimo etapu. Tyrimo tikslas — ištirti 14—16 metų boksininkų atletinio ir specialiojo parengtumo kaitos ypatumus per metinį pradinio rengimo ciklą. Uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti boksininkų rengimo vyksmo struktūrą ir turinį per pradinio rengimo vienų metų ciklą. 2. Ištirti pradedančių boksininkų kūno sudėjimo rodiklių kaitą per vienų metų rengimo ciklą. 3. Ištirti boksininkų atletinio parengtumo kaitą per vienų metų pradinio rengimo ciklą. 4. Ištirti boksininkų specialiojo parengtumo kaitą per pradinio rengimo metinį ciklą. Tyrimo metodai: teorinės analizės ir apibendrinimo, treniravimo planų analizė, testavimas, matematinė statistika. Tyrimo organizavimas. Buvo atlikti trys testavimai: pirmas testavimas — 2005 10 14 — 2005 10 25 dienomis; antras testavimas — 2006 01 30 — 2006 02 07 dienomis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality of the research. The majority of scientific publications and teaching materials devoted to methods of research deal with training of adult boxers. Little attention, however, is given to selection of young boxers, their training and teaching the technique of boxing, problems of competitive activities included (Cтрелников, 2000; Полиевский и др., 2002; Морозов, 2004). Current practice shows that it is in the early stages of training (elementary training, the period of developing sports skills and primary specialization) that the technique of rational movements with respect to the dexterity of boxers and the regularities of changes in force — dexterity complex should be formed (Суслов, ���олодов, 1997; Новиков, 1999; Морозов, 2004). Insufficient attention has also been given so far to the athletic and special physical preparedness of young boxers during the stage of initial training. The aim of the research — was to study the peculiarities of changes in the athletic and special physical preparedness of young boxers during the yearly cycle of initial training. The tasks set were as follows: 1. To investigate the structure and content of the training process of boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. 2. To study the changes in the indices of body composition of beginners boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. 3. To study the changes in athletic preparedness of boxers during the one—year cycle of initial training. 4. To study the changes... [to full text]

Em um mundo globalizado e cada vez mais conectado, os indivíduos são chamados a agir e interagir nos diversos contextos comunicativos. No que diz respeito ao ensino-aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, a expressão oral ocupa um lugar de destaque, como uma das principais competências a ser desenvolvida desde os níveis iniciantes. No contexto universitário, a prática oral nos cursos de línguas e as possibilidades de ampliação dos espaços de comunicação em diferentes situações devido à internacionalização das universidades, tornam-se imprescindíveis. Além de uma formação mais reflexiva e formativa, o desenvolvimento da expressão oral dos aprendizes pressupõe compreender a aula de língua e seu complexo funcionamento. Isto posto, observamos a necessidade de multiplicar os espaços de prática do oral na universidade e de repensar ações pedagógicas efetivas que possam contribuir à formação do aprendiz iniciante e ao desenvolvimento de sua expressão oral. Ao considerar a sala de aula de língua estrangeira como um espaço de troca e de transformação voltado para a ação interativa e reflexiva (BIGOT, 2009; KOCH, 2012), valemo-nos da concepção de ensino-aprendizagem da perspectiva acional (CONSELHO DA EUROPA, 2001; PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009), em que os aprendizes devem produzir e refletir para tornarem-se futuros atores sociais independentes (WEBER, 2013). Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no âmbito de um curso de Letras - habilitação em francês - de uma universidade pública paulista, no contexto de ensino-aprendizagem de Francês Língua Estrangeira (FLE) em níveis iniciantes. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, e se insere em um estudo de pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 2009). A partir da criação e elaboração de um curso de conversação, objetivamos investigar o desenvolvimento da expressão oral de aprendizes iniciantes por meio da realização de tarefas comunicativas em torno da temática de uma viagem à França, com a finalidade de observar quais aspectos estariam relacionados ao desenvolvimento da prática oral em língua francesa. Apoiados em uma análise qualitativa das interações orais desses aprendizes durante a realização de tarefas no curso, os resultados indicaram que ocorreu uma efetiva ressignificação em relação às representações sobre o oral e sobre o processo de aprendizagem como um todo. Esse movimento de ressignificação foi constatado, primeiramente, pela articulação entre as escolhas metodológicas feitas pelo professor e as tarefas comunicativas propostas de acordo com a temática do curso; num segundo momento, pela ampliação e variedade das situações em que os aprendizes interagiam oralmente e por último, pela autorreflexão que realizaram, pela qual se pôde observar o impacto do curso para o desenvolvimento da expressão oral dos aprendizes. / In a globalized and increasingly connected world, individuals are called to act and interact in various communicative contexts. In terms of teaching and learning foreign languages, the oral expression occupies a prominent place as one of the main competences to be developed with beginners. Oral expression training of a foreign language in the university context is becoming more and more relevant due to the expansion of international exchange between universities. In addition to a more reflective and consistent learning, the development of the oral expression at the beginner levels presupposes the understanding of language in the classroom context and its complex functioning. Thus, we observed the need to expand the practice space of oral expression in the university and to rethink effective pedagogical actions that can contribute to the training of beginners and the development of oral expression. When we consider the foreign language classroom as a place for interchange and transformation geared to interactive and reflexive action (BIGOT, 2009; KOCH, 2012), we consider therefore a notion of teaching and learning from the actional perspective (COUNCIL OF EUROPE, 2001; PUREN, 2009; ROSEN, 2009), in which learners must produce and think in order to become future independent social actors (WEBER, 2013). This research was developed within the scope of a French major course of a public university in the context of teaching and learning French as a Foreign Language at beginner levels. Grounded in qualitative methodology and inserted in an actionresearch study (THIOLLENT, 2009), it was created and elaborated a French conversation course where we aimed to investigate the development of oral expression in beginners from the accomplishment of communicative tasks around the theme of a trip to France in order to observe which of these aspects would be related to the development of oral practice in the French language. From a qualitative analysis of the oral interactions between beginners during these tasks, the results indicate that an effective re-signification occurred in relation to representations about the oral expression and the learning process as a whole. This re-signification movement was verified, firstly, by the articulation between the methodological choices made by the teacher and the communicative tasks proposed in accordance with the theme of the course; secondly, by the increased variety of situations in which learners interacted with one another and, lastly, for their self-reflection, in the which it was observed the impact of the course in terms of the development of oral expression in beginner learners.

The diploma thesis focuses opening a world of drama education to a group of young learners who are unexperienced at DE. The theoretical part aims to prepare readers to understand a beginner class specifics same as working with aim planning for a particular group of students. In the practical part of the thesis I construct one semester plan of aims for concrete collective of students and assess if the plan was made appropriately, if the goals were achieved and what changes must have been done to adjust the plan to real conditions. Furthermore, the practical part offers tips of lessons and their reflections and it maps development of the study group. Overall aim of the thesis is to bring to a reader theoretical background of working with a DE class of beginners, plan of goals for concrete group and its fulfilling.

At most universities internationally, secondary piano instruction is compulsory for all music students regardless of their field of specialisation. Vocal art students studying at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) are also expected to complete three years of basic piano tuition. Since the researcher teaches secondary piano at the Department of Performing Arts: Vocal Art (TUT), the aim of this study was to determine the objectives of the tuition, and appropriate methods through which they can be best achieved. The research is based on an investigation of relevant literature on secondary piano instruction for music majors at universities in South Africa and abroad. Since the researcher was primarily trained to teach basic piano to very young beginners, it was thought necessary to firstly investigate the field of adult education and basic piano instruction for adults and college-age students. The results of the literature search confirmed that basic piano tuition for children differs greatly from that for older beginners. It became clear that the success of basic piano instruction for adults greatly depends on the teacher’s understanding of these fundamental differences as well as knowledge of appropriate approaches and methods with which to accommodate adults’ unique characteristics. Subsequently, the purpose of teaching piano playing skills to non-piano music majors was investigated. Results indicated that there is a broad spectrum of skills which can aid the musician in his future career. These include technique, sight-reading, accompanying, harmonisation, transposing, repertory study, vocal score-reading and reduction, instrumental score reduction, improvisation, playing by ear, playing of folk songs, developing musicianship skills, critical listening, performance skills, chord playing, ensemble playing, realisation of figured bass, modulation, memorisation, music analysis, playing two or more parts from multiple staves, playing warm-up exercises, singing a vocal part while playing other parts, and jazz piano playing. The most important piano playing skills for non-piano music majors to acquire were identified as technique, sight-reading, accompanying, repertory study and improvisation. Controversies exist about the importance of each of these skills, but most teachers agree that they should all be present in the secondary piano curriculum. The most common method used to teach these skills to instrumentalists and singers was identified as group tuition. This method of teaching is not used merely because it is more economical but also for various musical and sociological reasons. Musical advantages include the acquisition of a broad spectrum of skills such as critical faculties, listening skills, ensemble activities, self-assessment skills, improved practice habits and progress, rhythmic stability, improved intonation, memory training and notational reading. Social advantages include interaction, peer-learning, motivation, encouragement, discovery-learning, enjoyment, involvement and the development of individuality and self-esteem. At the end of each chapter, specific guidelines for teaching basic piano to vocal art students at TUT are given. The study culminates in conclusions and recommendations drawn from the results of the literature investigation Copyright / Dissertation (Music)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Music / unrestricted

A plethora of studies in South Africa have examined the reading success of Grade 3 in the Foundation Phase in African Schools, but have investigated teachers’ perspectives on the methods used for reading instruction in Grade 1 of rural schools. This study is qualitative in nature and examined First Grade teachers’ methods used in teaching beginning reading in Setswana using different approaches: the Traditional method, Sentence method, Breakthrough to Setswana Programme and Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) approach. The researcher collected data from 8 Foundation Phase Schools in Bojanala District of Brits that are under the Department of Education (DOE). The sample was drawn from four Foundations Phase Schools from February to April and June to August 2011; four teachers were observed and interviewed on the teaching of beginning reading. In order to establish how the research was approached, observations, interviews and documents analysis were used as instruments. For purposes of this dissertation, the researcher also analyzed these four schools in detail in order to provide the context that informed reasons for teachers’ perspectives. The findings indicated that teachers felt differently about the use of different and same methods in teaching beginning reading. However, teachers did not always utilize their observations to improve teaching. Teachers’ beliefs about when to introduce children to the reading of extended texts differed depending on their assumptions on learning to read. Their perspectives were affected by their own knowledge of reading, the programs, methods, and the expectations of circuit and district administrators. Limited resources and space within the programs also affected their teaching of reading. All teachers in the study expressed the need for adequate training and in-service workshops that take into account the context in which they worked. This study, recommends more collaboration between teachers and local circuit and district administrators when, planning and delivering teaching approaches and workshops. Teachers and local administrators need to keep abreast with new developments in the fields of language and literacy development in order to effectively challenge and critique new approaches. Finally, they should also be supported in doing investigation on teaching and learning in their classrooms. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)