Numerical Analysis of Passive Force on Skewed BridgeAbutments with Reinforced Concrete WingwallsScott Karl SnowDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, BYU Master of Science Historically bridges with skewed abutments have proven more likely to fail during earthquake loadings (Toro et al, 2013) when compared to non-skewed bridges (Apirakvorapinit et al. 2012; Elnashai et al. 2010). Previous studies including small-scale laboratory tests by Jessee (2012), large-scale field tests by Smith (2014), and numerical modeling by Shamsabadi et al. (2006) have shown that 45° skewed bridge abutments experience a reduction in peak passive force by about 65%. With numerous skewed bridges in the United States, this study has great importance to the nation's infrastructure.The finite element models produced in this study model the large-scale field-testing performed by Smith (2014), which was performed to study the significant reduction in peak passive resistance for abutments with longitudinal reinforced concrete wingwalls. The finite element models largely confirm the findings of Smith (2014). Two models were created and designed to match the large-scale field tests and were used to calibrate the soil parameters for this study. Two additional models were then created by increasing the abutment widths from 11 feet to 38 feet to simulate a two-lane bridge. The 45° skewed 11-foot abutment experienced a 38% reduction in peak passive resistance compared to the non-skewed abutment. In contrast, the 45° skewed 38-foot abutment experienced a 65% reduction in peak passive resistance compared to the non-skewed abutment. When the wingwalls are extended 10 feet into the backfill the reduction decreased to 59% due to the change in effective skew angle.The finite element models generally confirmed the findings of Smith (2014). The results of the 11- and 38-foot abutment finite element models confirmed that the wingwall on the obtuse side of the 45° skewed abutments experienced approximately 4 to 5 times the amount of horizontal soil pressure and 5 times the amount of bending moment compared to the non-skewed abutment. Increases in the pressures and bending moments are likely caused by soil confined between the obtuse side of the abutment and the wingwall.A comparison of the 11- and 38-foot 45° skewed abutment models showed a decrease in the influence of the wingwalls as the abutment widened. The wingwall on the acute side of the 38-foot abutment developed approximately 50% of the horizontal soil pressure compared to the 11-foot abutment. The heave distribution of the 11-foot abutment showed approximately 1- to 2-inches of vertical displacement over a majority of the abutment backwall versus more than half of the 38-foot abutment producing ½ an inch or less.

Um dos aspectos fundamentais do projeto estrutural de plataformas flutuantes para produção de petróleo no mar é a determinação dos carregamentos externos globais provenientes da ação das ondas sobre a estrutura da plataforma. A presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma proposta de procedimento destinado à determinação experimental, em tanque de provas, dos carregamentos estruturais globais atuantes em uma plataforma de exploração e produção de petróleo do tipo semi-submersível. O procedimento proposto envolve as seguintes etapas: especificação do tipo de esforço que se pretende medir; definição das condições de ensaio; definição da escala dos modelos; escolha do processo construtivo dos modelos; especificação do processo de medida dos esforços; definição dos equipamentos e instrumentos de medida experimental; especificação da matriz de ensaios; definição dos procedimentos de análise de resultados. Como exemplo de aplicação, o procedimento proposto foi empregado na avaliação dos esforços de Momento Fletor no Convés e Força de Separação nos Flutuadores de uma Plataforma Semi-submersível padrão, empregada para validação de resultados em tanques de prova. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os da literatura, mostrando uma boa aderência qualitativa e quantitativa. / One of the fundamental aspects in the structural design of floating platforms for oil production in the sea is the determination of the global structural loads induced by the wave-platform structure interaction. This master degree thesis proposes a procedure destined to the experimental determination, in a wave tank, of the global structural loads acting in an exploration and production semi-submersible oil platform. The proposed procedure involve the following stages: Specifying the kind of stress to be measured; definition of the test conditions; model scale definition; choosing the model building process; stress measurement process specification; definition of resources and instrumentation for experimental measurement; test matrix specification; results analysis procedure definition. As an application example, the proposed procedure was used in the bending moment stress evaluation on deck and split force on the pontoons of a standard semi-submersible oil platform, used for the results evaluation in wave tanks. The results obtained were compared with the literature, showing a good qualitative and quantitative adhesion.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6700.pdf: 4829051 bytes, checksum: 3dedb697740d6ae886a30c2418c4d82a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In this paper, a free analysis program is presented for the verification of ultimate and serviceability limit states of reinforced or prestressed concrete sections with polygonal shape submitted to axial forces and biaxial bending. In addition, the program also calculates the bending-axial force-curvature relation (M, N, 1 / r) of the sections, which can be used in further analysis, for example, the general method for calculating pillars. For this is used the object-oriented programming, so that this work can be resumed and amended, providing technical material for future work in the same line, therefore provides that the calculation routines along with the program. The programming lines and routines includes explanations of its operation to encourage its further use as part of other programs. The data entry is presented as a form and the program enables the exchange of data, both input and output via text type files. The criteria adopted follows the brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118: 2014, which compared to the previous version features suggestions for concrete with superior characteristic strength higher than 50 MPa. The structure of the routines is presented so that criteria of other standards, or updates of the same Brazilian standard referenced, can be easily implemented. Some validation examples for the program are presented in different situations and finally commented and listed some other extensions which can be made. / No presente trabalho, apresenta-se um programa livre e gratuito de análises e verificações de estados-limite último e de serviço de seções de concreto armado e protendido com forma poligonal submetidas à flexão composta oblíqua. Além disso, o programa calcula também a relação momento-normal-curvatura (M, N, 1/r) das seções, que pode ser usada em outras análises, como por exemplo, o método geral para o cálculo de pilares. Para isso se usa a programação orientada ao objeto, a fim de que o presente trabalho possa ser retomado e alterado, dando subsídio técnico para trabalhos futuros da mesma linha, por esse motivo fornece-se as rotinas de cálculo juntamente ao programa. As linhas e rotinas de cálculo constam com explicações de seu funcionamento para incentivar seu uso posterior como parte de outros programas. A entrada dos dados é feita de forma de formulário e o programa permite a troca de dados, tanto de entrada como de saída através de arquivos do tipo texto. Os critérios adotados seguem a norma brasileira ABNT NBR 6118:2014, que em relação à versão anterior apresenta sugestões para concretos com resistência superior a 50 MPa. A estrutura das rotinas é apresentada de maneira que critérios de outras normas, ou ainda atualizações da mesma norma brasileira referenciada, possam ser facilmente implementadas. Apresenta-se vários exemplos de validação do programa em diversas situações e finalmente comentadas e listadas as ampliações que podem ser feitas.

Um dos aspectos fundamentais do projeto estrutural de plataformas flutuantes para produção de petróleo no mar é a determinação dos carregamentos externos globais provenientes da ação das ondas sobre a estrutura da plataforma. A presente dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma proposta de procedimento destinado à determinação experimental, em tanque de provas, dos carregamentos estruturais globais atuantes em uma plataforma de exploração e produção de petróleo do tipo semi-submersível. O procedimento proposto envolve as seguintes etapas: especificação do tipo de esforço que se pretende medir; definição das condições de ensaio; definição da escala dos modelos; escolha do processo construtivo dos modelos; especificação do processo de medida dos esforços; definição dos equipamentos e instrumentos de medida experimental; especificação da matriz de ensaios; definição dos procedimentos de análise de resultados. Como exemplo de aplicação, o procedimento proposto foi empregado na avaliação dos esforços de Momento Fletor no Convés e Força de Separação nos Flutuadores de uma Plataforma Semi-submersível padrão, empregada para validação de resultados em tanques de prova. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os da literatura, mostrando uma boa aderência qualitativa e quantitativa. / One of the fundamental aspects in the structural design of floating platforms for oil production in the sea is the determination of the global structural loads induced by the wave-platform structure interaction. This master degree thesis proposes a procedure destined to the experimental determination, in a wave tank, of the global structural loads acting in an exploration and production semi-submersible oil platform. The proposed procedure involve the following stages: Specifying the kind of stress to be measured; definition of the test conditions; model scale definition; choosing the model building process; stress measurement process specification; definition of resources and instrumentation for experimental measurement; test matrix specification; results analysis procedure definition. As an application example, the proposed procedure was used in the bending moment stress evaluation on deck and split force on the pontoons of a standard semi-submersible oil platform, used for the results evaluation in wave tanks. The results obtained were compared with the literature, showing a good qualitative and quantitative adhesion.

Diploma thesis deals with reconstruction of old beam bridge in town Ledeč nad Sázavou. Three variants of reconsttruction were done. Detailed structural design report was done to one of them, streithening with post-tensioning. Calculation of load effect was solved with finite elemet method via software on grillage model. Construction was checked on ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. Necessary drawings were elaborated to chosen method.

Master´s thesis describes the design and assessment of selected elements concrete factory building with office block, elaboration of shape and reinforcemenet drawings of selected structural prefabricated elements. The work also includes technical report and details of connection elements. Calculation was performed also using a computer program SCIA Engineer and Excel.

The aim of the final thesis is to design and structural design report of selected elements of prefabricated storage hall. Processing of foundation drawing, element composition and for each designed element formwork drawing and reinforcement. It is a single-storey hall, where the main structural system consists of a transversal frame columns and prestressed girder. In this final thesis I designed and structural assessed prestressed girder, reinforced concrete purlin, roof bracing, column, grade beam and foundation pad. The calculation software Scia Engineer is used to calculate the effects of internal forces. The results are compared using a simplified method. The design and structural assessment are made according to valide standards. The designed construction complies with the limit state of ultimate and serviceability.

Diploma thesis is focused on structural assessment and strengthening of the reinforced concrete flor slab disturbed by excessive deflection. Thesis included assesment of the existing construction and design method of strengthening of the floor structure with system using prestressing strands without bond.

The master’s thesis object is to create a design of a load carrying steel structure planetarium. Its ground plan dimensions are 36,1 x 49,0 m. The planetarium hall’s roof is designed with system of trusses and purlins. The projection hall’s roof consists of ribbed cupola with radially arched ribs. The stiffness of the whole construction is ensured with bracings. The walls of the whole object are composed of columns, rails and bracings.

This thesis deals with the design and static assessment of a concrete part of a sewage treatment plant. Specifically, the calculation and assessment of the base plate, external walls, internal walls and ceiling slabs, elaboration of shape and reinforcement drawings of selected structural element. The concrete part of the Sewage disposal plant is all below ground level. Static system and the calculation of internal forces was carried out in Scia Engineer 2011 - student version.