<p>Touch that is performed in a sensitive and gentle way can be a good complement in caring. To be stricken with illness can involve that the individual feels powerlessness and to have no control over the own body. This could lead to both psychical and physical suffering. To strength health is one of the nurses' responsibilities and to touch can be one way. The aim of the study was to describe patients' experience of the effects of touch. This literature study is based of scientific articles. The result showed that touch contributes to several positive effects as pain relief, reduced anxiety and increased wellbeing. The patients felt both physical and emotional strength after the touch and this could help them to take an active part in their health process. Touch experienced as getting a meaningful relief from suffering that disease cause.</p>

No description available.

Touch that is performed in a sensitive and gentle way can be a good complement in caring. To be stricken with illness can involve that the individual feels powerlessness and to have no control over the own body. This could lead to both psychical and physical suffering. To strength health is one of the nurses' responsibilities and to touch can be one way. The aim of the study was to describe patients' experience of the effects of touch. This literature study is based of scientific articles. The result showed that touch contributes to several positive effects as pain relief, reduced anxiety and increased wellbeing. The patients felt both physical and emotional strength after the touch and this could help them to take an active part in their health process. Touch experienced as getting a meaningful relief from suffering that disease cause.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Beröring kan ges planerat, såsom terapeutisk och taktil beröring, ofta med syfte att symtomlindra. Beröring kan även vara nödvändig, exempelvis vid påklädning där det egentliga målet är att utföra en uppgift, även om detta också kan förmedla känslor. Det finns även affektiv beröring som förmedlar känslor och sympati. Sjuksköterskan kan se på beröring som ett verktyg för att nå patienten eller för att lindra smärta och oro. Ofta saknas patientupplevelsen vid tal om beröring, trots att beröringen bör vara individuellt anpassad.   Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva patienters upplevelser av beröring. Metod: En litteraturöversikt inspirerad av Friberg (2006) bestående av nio kvalitativa artiklar, som samtliga är funna via databasen CINAHL. Resultat: Resultatet beskrivs i fyra teman; Att känna sig omhändertagen, att känna sig obekväm, att känna fysiskt välbehag samt att komma i kontakt med sig själv. I dessa teman framkom till stor del positiva effekter av beröring, såsom symtomlindring, avslappning och välbefinnande. Det förekom även negativa upplevelser av beröring. Det kunde handla om att vidröras av det motsatta könet, eller om en rädsla att beröringen skulle skada. Hos patienten fanns även en rädsla för vad som skulle ske när beröringen tog slut. Diskussion: Diskussion förs kring vårdarens sätt att vara, kring det obehag som beröring kan skapa samt kring beröring som något positivt. Diskussionen sker delvis i förhållande till Katie Erikssons beskrivning av vårdrelationen samt hennes teori om ansa, leka och lära, men även i relation till annan litteratur inom ämnet. Tidigare forskning stärker resultatet. Nyckelord: beröring, upplevelse / Background: Touch can be given planed, like the therapeutic and the tactile touch, many times with the purpose to ease symptoms. It can also be necessary, for example when helping a patient getting dressed, with the meaning of doing a task, even if it also can transmit feelings. There is also affective touch, transmitting feelings and sympathy. The nurse can look upon touch as a tool to reach the patient or to ease pain or anxiety. The experience of the patient is often missed when talking about touch, even though the touch should be individually conformed. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe patients’ experiences of touch. Method: A literature review inspired of Friberg (2006) consisting of nine qualitative articles, all found though the database of CINAHL. Result: The touch gave different feelings and experiences depending on what type of touch was received. The result is described in four themes; To feel cared for, to feel discomfort, to feel physically at ease and to get in contact with oneself. In these themes major parts showed on positive effects of touch, such as symptom ease, relaxation and wellbeing. The result also showed negative experiences of touch. It had to do with being touched by the opposite sex, or about a fear that the touch would hurt. There was also described a feeling of fear for what would happen when the touch ended. Discussion: A discussion is held about the caregivers’ way of being, about the discomfort touch can create and about touch as something positive. Previous research strengthens the result. There’s a discussion partly in relation to the description of the caring relation according to Katie Eriksson as well as to her theory about trim, play and learn, but also in relation to other literature in the subject. Keywords: touch, experience

Den fysiska beröringen är en förutsättning för att vård överhuvudtaget skall kunna utföras. Varje dag sker inom hälso- och sjukvården ett oräkneligt antal beröringar i skiftande situationer. Beröringen finns där som en självklar del i den dagliga vården men kan också användas i olika fysiska behandlingsmetoder. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilken betydelse beröring hade i omvårdnaden för patienten. Vetenskapliga artiklar och litteratur i ämnet användes och var publicerade efter 1995. Fysisk beröring i omvårdnaden visade sig ha flera olika betydelser som gick att dela in i begreppen: symtomlindring och återhämtning, komfort, kommunikation, obehag samt samspel. Den fysiska beröringen gav både fysiska och psykiska förbättrade tillstånd. En del patienter minskade sin läkemedelsanvändning efter behandlingar med olika fysiska beröringsformer. Detta kunde vara en väg till ökad livskvalitet för människor, framförallt när det handlade om smärta, oro, och depression. Positiva känslor som trygghet, välbefinnande och komfort upplevdes av en del patienter i beröringsögonblicket och ibland som en följd av själva beröringen. Beröring visade sig vara ett sätt att kommunicera med patienter, framförallt var det viktigt när det verbala språket sviktade eller saknades. Även om många positiva betydelser för patienterna framkom i studierna fanns det också negativa upplevelser. Beröring av stressad och hårdhänt personal, smärta och att inte känna sig delaktig i skeendet var exempel på obehagliga upplevelser. I flera studier framkom att samspelet mellan patienter och vårdare kunde förbättras med stöd av den fysiska beröringen.

<p>In the palliative care there are many close encounters between the care-taker and the care-giver. To be touched is foundational to every human being and the care-giver shows his presence to the care-taker, when he touch the care-taker. Touch is an important tool for the care-giver in the care for the care-taker. It becomes a natural way of communicating. The aim of this literature study was to describe which factors that are important, for the care-taker in the palliative care, to receive touch in the purpose of feeling well-being. The scientific articles were found by using "Academic Search". "AMED", "Cinahl" and "Science Direct" data bases. The results show that there were three factors that can help care-takers in end of life care, communication, safety and a good environment. Which leads to the possibility of touch for the care-taker This way helped the care-taker to a higher well-being and quality of life, since they're sense of well-being often were low and influenced they're quality of life. Touch can be used as a complementary therapy, the care-taker felt more pain-relief and less anxiety. They also felt more well-being and a higher quality of life, which were important for these care-takers at the end-of-life.</p>

No description available.

No description available.

<p> </p><p>This is a study of pedagogue’s perspective on children's opportunities for relaxation and contact in preschool. Relaxation and contact are important for all, especially in today's society when stress goes farther and farther down the ages. The stress is what has been in the centre, both in research, discussion and media. The children need to rest and the preschool curriculum says that children should be offered a balanced daily rhythm and environment. The CRC says that States Parties recognize the right of children to rest and leisure.</p><p>A qualitative method was used and the data material was collected through four open interviews. The interview persons were selected randomly and the interviews were recorded on tape and transcribed. The question asked was how the pedagogue see the children's opportunities for relaxation and contact in preschool and in which situations the opportunity is given.</p><p>The pedagogues that I spoke to beliefs relaxation is important for the children, they have long days at preschool and it's a different tempo there than at home. Relaxation can be very individual for each individual. The pedagogues in the study mention the environment as an important factor for relaxation, that the environment is welcoming and that the children are allowed to go away and sit down for themselves.</p><p>Massage in combination with rest is a popular method to use in preschools. It is appreciated by the children and the pedagogues. The result of the massage is that the kids accept that someone comes close and can speak up when they do not want something. Furthermore, it becomes calmer in children groups.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Relaxation, Contact</p>