Les années 1990 et 2000 sont une période cruciale pour le cinéma italien, qui connaît une certaine renaissance après avoir traversé une situation très délicate. Durant cette période, certains cinéastes se font remarquer pour leur tendance, selon différentes manières, à représenter une enfance marginale, à la fois porteuse de problèmes liés à la péninsule, mais également d’un avenir possiblement meilleur. Ces personnages d’enfants marginaux bénéficient d’un traitement différent de ceux du néoréalisme, notamment sur un plan esthétique. Le travail effectué sur les regards de ces enfants participe de leur marginalité, mais suggère également une légère interaction, des interrogations, des jugements, ou encore une certaine impossibilité de réconciliation avec le monde. La plupart de ces films se concentre en outre sur la question d’un imaginaire enfantin (plus précisément : le jeu et le rêve) régulièrement mis à l’épreuve du réel, et qui existerait parallèlement au monde des adultes, indifférents. Ces films suggèrent ainsi la marginalité des enfants, petits et grands (car les « adultes-enfants » sont aussi très présents dans cette période du cinéma italien), dans une société qui se soucie peu de leur sort ; mais aussi leur capacité à surmonter ces problèmes pour continuer à mener leur vie, grandir, etpeut-être pouvoir assurer des jours meilleurs à une Italie en manque de (re)pères. / The 1990s and 2000s were crucial years for Italian cinema and witnessed a relative rebirth following a very critical phase. During that period, a few filmmakers became known for their habit of depicting marginal children confronted with problemscharacteristic of their country and heralding a hopefully better future. They are characters that are handled in a way that differs from that of neorealism, especially on an aesthetic level. The filmmakers’ attitude to the children’s gaze forms part of what defines their marginality but also suggests a degree of interaction, questioning, judgment, or even some difficulty of coming to terms with the world. Most of the films focus on the issue of childhood imagination – more specifically play and dreams – regularly put to the test of reality and existing in parallel with the world of the adults, who are indifferent to it. Thefilms thus suggest the marginality of children of all ages – the child-adult being very much a character of this period of Italian cinema – in a society that does not seem to care about their fate. They also suggest their ability to overcome their problems and to go on living their lives, growing up and perhaps changing the course of Italian society for the better at a time when it is in need of directions.

Thesis (M.A.)--Youngstown State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-47). Also available via the World Wide Web in PDF format.

La présente étude aborde le documentaire italien sous l'ère berlusconienne tout en réfléchissant sur ses interactions avec les transformations historiques et culturelles de l'Italie. Cette production documentaire témoigne de l’urgence de dénoncer les mécanismes du pouvoir et de rechercher la vérité à une époque où réaliser du cinéma politique paraît difficile. Nous sommes partis de l’hypothèse qu’un documentaire de contestation a bien existé et l’étude du contexte social dans lequel un film a été réalisé permet de constituer un cadre de référence qui manifeste quelle production de sens les auteurs ont voulu contester. Le documentaire s’est concentré sur la réalité, en se posant par rapport à l’histoire et à la mémoire. Il a servi d’archive des luttes. Les images de ces films sont des témoignages d’une histoire douloureuse, mais elles montrent également qu’une partie du peuple résiste. Ces documentaires semblent avoir pour objectif d’être la mémoire de cette Italie-là. / The present study debates the Italian documentary in Berlusconi’s era reflecting on its interactions with historical and cultural transformations in Italy. This documentary production reveals the urge to expose power mechanisms and seek truth in a moment when making political cinema looked difficult. We started from the theory that a political protest documentary certainly existed, and the study of the social context in which a certain movie was realized allows us to establish the frame in which the authors operated their criticism. The documentary focused on reality, correlating with history and memory. It served as an archive for struggles. These movies witness painful stories, but also show the resisting fraction of a people. This kind of documentary aspires to being the historical memory of that Italy.

Diploma thesis "Media campaigns of Silvio Berlusconi during general elections from 1994 to 2008" deals with the election campaigns and their cover in mass media. It summarizes style of campaign of the Berlusconi's political party Forza Italia and his coalition. The thesis compares these campaigns with those of main opposition, left- central coalition. The beginning of the thesis devotes to the résumé of Berlusconi's biography and to his entry to the politics. Further chapters summarize political situation between single campaign and they describe these campaign including their media cover. Significant space is devoted to potential influence on voter's decision because of the Berlusconi's media empire and because of his control over dominant commercial television stations Mediaset.

<p>Syftet med min uppsats är att analysera på vilket sätt Nanni Moretti framställer mediekritik, vilken som är denna mediekritik, vilka teorier som möjligen kan spåras i denna mediekritik och vad som enligt Moretti blir den demokratiska konsekvensen av italiensk mediekultur. Jag kommer även att gå in på den filmstil han använder, vad som kan vara ursprunget till Morettis filmiska metod och hur detta används i formulerandet av Morettis mediekritik. Vilken är den mediekritik Nanni Moretti uttrycker implicit och explicit i Caro Diario och Aprile, och hur ställer han sig i förhållande till gamla mediekritiska teorier? På vilket sätt får hans filmstil en roll i mediekritiken och vari ligger denna filmstils ursprung?</p><p>Resultatet av studien är att jag funnit tydliga spår från medieforskare som Jürgen Habermas, Pierre Bourdieu, Hans Magnus Enzensberger och Douglas Kellner i den kritik som av Moretti uttrycks genom filmerna. De teorier som dessa forskare formulerat, liksom äldre mediaforskning, kritiseras samtidigt av Moretti och han visar i sina filmer en metod att undkomma de demokratiska problem som en dominerande mediekultur innebär. Det jag tillför gällande Morettis filmstil är det att han i filmerna använder sig av en Brechtiansk metod som är en del av den filmstil som tidigare forskare formulerat som ”cinema of thought”, och som blir extra fruktbar i hans artikulerande av mediekritik.</p>

Syftet med min uppsats är att analysera på vilket sätt Nanni Moretti framställer mediekritik, vilken som är denna mediekritik, vilka teorier som möjligen kan spåras i denna mediekritik och vad som enligt Moretti blir den demokratiska konsekvensen av italiensk mediekultur. Jag kommer även att gå in på den filmstil han använder, vad som kan vara ursprunget till Morettis filmiska metod och hur detta används i formulerandet av Morettis mediekritik. Vilken är den mediekritik Nanni Moretti uttrycker implicit och explicit i Caro Diario och Aprile, och hur ställer han sig i förhållande till gamla mediekritiska teorier? På vilket sätt får hans filmstil en roll i mediekritiken och vari ligger denna filmstils ursprung? Resultatet av studien är att jag funnit tydliga spår från medieforskare som Jürgen Habermas, Pierre Bourdieu, Hans Magnus Enzensberger och Douglas Kellner i den kritik som av Moretti uttrycks genom filmerna. De teorier som dessa forskare formulerat, liksom äldre mediaforskning, kritiseras samtidigt av Moretti och han visar i sina filmer en metod att undkomma de demokratiska problem som en dominerande mediekultur innebär. Det jag tillför gällande Morettis filmstil är det att han i filmerna använder sig av en Brechtiansk metod som är en del av den filmstil som tidigare forskare formulerat som ”cinema of thought”, och som blir extra fruktbar i hans artikulerande av mediekritik.

During the 1994 Italian elections many things were new for the voters. A new election system, new parties emerging where old traditional ones were dying out because of long ongoing corruption scandals that were coming up to the surface. In all this one man, Silvio Berlusconi, a famous Italian businessman, stepped in and with his two allied parties Lega Nord and Alleanza Nazionale he swept away the nation in a never before seen election campaign. Many things have been said about the motifs and the way he prosecuted the election campaign for the Forza Italia. But what I try to see for this thesis is the awereness in the Italian print media from this particular period - how and if the debate about an in just electoral campaign existed in the country from the date Silvio Berlusconi entered ”the playing field” as he called it and up to the days of election.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006.

This master thesis aims to analyze the facts concerning the political communication of Silvio Berlusconi and Andrej Babis and their political and business careers. The works tries to define the basic concepts of political communication and subsequently analyze them in the comparison with those politicians. Among the other things, the effect of the media which could enabled their entrance to the politics and influence the meanings of the public opinion as well as their political history and used communication techniques has been taken into consideration.

The presented paper deals with a theoretical concept of populism and analysis of political style and politics of one of the most important but also most controversial figures of Italian politics over the past few decades, Silvio Berlusconi. The main objective of this paper is to verify the initial hypothesis that Silvio Berlusconi is a pragmatic contemporary politician whose politics and the political style includes identifiable elements of populism and to answer the question whether Silvio Berlusconi, due to the theories outlined on populism, could be considered as a representative of populism and whether his case meets the definition criteria set out in the theoretical part. A secondary objective is to provide a clear overview of the conceptual aspects of populism and it' s causes and identify these on the case of Italy. The work is divided into three parts. After introduction in a second chapter the theoretical and methodological framework will be defined. With a general focus on the concept of populism we will map the contemporary theoretical knowledge concerning this issue. The paper briefly summarizes the historical development of the populist movement in contemporary Western democracies, clearly and comprehensively summarizes the defining features of the theoretical concept of populism and...