Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09250.pdf: 2620343 bytes, checksum: 7c7a04350dced4d288c23f2472f9b667 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05225.pdf: 5071584 bytes, checksum: 1e93e518cbd529a7903fc24403a4234d (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07611.pdf: 2728562 bytes, checksum: f4e2c166198e6ed56d8ad3f09429fc60 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09250.pdf: 2620343 bytes, checksum: 7c7a04350dced4d288c23f2472f9b667 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05225.pdf: 5071584 bytes, checksum: 1e93e518cbd529a7903fc24403a4234d (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

The 14Be nucleus is a good candidate for having a halo structure. When a three- body model is used to calculate the properties of this nucleus, it relies on a knowledge of the potentials involved and hence on the structure of the underlying two-body subsystem 13Be. Previuosly published calculations showed that, in order to describe 13Be and 14Be simultaneously, 13Be had to be either bound, or have a p-shell ground state, which is not consistent with the experimental data. In this thesis 13Be and 14Be are described as one or two neutrons outside a deformed 12Be core. The idea of the method is that deformation of the core couples the neutron motion with core excitations. The core is treated as a rigid rotor here, and for the neutron-core interaction we used a deformed Woods-Saxon potential. We explore the potential parameters compatible with the known properties of 12Be, 13Be and 14Be. The three-body model for 14Be used a hyperspherical expansion including core degrees of freedom. Compared to the previous works, we find that both 14Be and 13Be are described simultaneously if the 12Be core has large positive quadrupole deformation. The resulting three-body model wave function was used in calculations of reaction observables. The reaction cross section of 14Be on a carbon target at 850 MeV/A was calculated in a four-body Glauber model, after the formalism was extended to include core degrees of freedom. The calculated reaction cross section agrees with the experiment. One-neutron knockout reactions of the Borromean nuclei 6He, 11Li and 14Be are discussed. The integrated cross sections for stripping and diffraction processes are calculated in the four-body Glauber model including core excited components in the wave function for 14Be. The neutron-core relative energy distributions within 5He, 10Li and 13Be following one-neutron removal, are calculated by a spectator model in the eikonal limit. The integrated cross sections and energy distributions for 6He are in agreement with the experiment. The results for 11Li and 14Be breakup demonstrated that the further investigation of the reaction model is needed.

A contaminação de equipamentos e materiais hospitalares por microrganismos potencialmente infecciosos e altamente resistentes aos antibióticos incitam grupos de pesquisa e industrias ao redor do mundo a produzir novos materiais, e que estes possuam propriedades capazes de inibir ou eliminar (quase que completamente) a permanência desses patógenos sobre sua superfície. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a citotoxicidade da liga níquel-berílio quando em contato com as cepas bacterianas de Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (amostra clínica) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), após diferentes períodos de incubação, e em contato com a linhagem celular NCTC Clone 929, célula de tecido conectivo de camundongo. Para realização destes ensaios, foram confeccionados corpos de prova da liga níquel-berílio, com aproximadamente 10,0 mm e diâmetro e 3,0 mm de espessura. Para metodologia de citotoxicidade as células bacterianas preparou-se um inóculo bacteriano de 109 Unidades Formadoras de Colônia por mililitro. Para cada bactéria, um inóculo bacteriano foi preparado e deste, 40 &#956l foram aplicados em um swab estéril e espalhado no corpo de prova, onde foram introduzidos em placas de Petri, deixados a temperatura 20°C, por diferentes períodos de exposição (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 e 72 horas). Este teste foi realizado em triplicata. Após cada período de tempo, os corpos de prova eram pressionados contra o meio de cultura Agar Mueller-Hinton, em dez diferentes pontos da placa. O método de difusão em Agar foi utilizado para verificar a citotoxicidade da liga níquel-berílio à linhagem celular NCTC clone 929. Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma maior resistência a liga níquel-berílio das bactérias gram-positivas (S. aureus e S. epidermidis) quando comparadas com as gram-negativas (P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia e E. coli). Destas últimas citadas, a E. coli foi a única que sobreviveu até a sexta hora de exposição, quando em contato de uma hora com o corpo de prova. Todavia, os S. aureus e S. epidermidis foram capazes de resistir até a décima segunda hora em contato com a liga níquel-berílio. Contudo, a partir deste período de incubação, nem mesmo os estafilococos toleraram a presença desses íons. Quando analisados os resultados de citotoxicidade, a liga não apresentou qualquer efeito citotóxico as células NCTC clone 929, sendo classificadas como índice de zona (IZ) zero. Os dados obtidos demonstram que a liga possui propriedades antibacteriana contra as células bacterianas testadas e que não possui nenhum efeito tóxico à linhagem celular NCTC clone 929. Além disso, a liga NiBe mostrou-se mais citotóxica contra as bactérias gram-negativas. / The contamination of equipment and hospital supplies for potentially infectious microorganisms and highly resistant to antibiotics encourage research groups and industries around the world to produce new materiais, and they have properties able to inhibit or eliminate (almost completely) to stay these pathogens on its surface. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of nickel-beryllium alloy when in contact with the bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25932), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (clinical sample) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), after different periods of incubation, and in contact with the cell line NCTC Clone 929, connective tissue of mouse cell. For these assays were prepared coupons of nickel-beryllium alloy, with approximately 10.0 mm and diameter and 3.0 mm thick. For cytotoxicity methodology bacterial cells prepared in a bacterial inoculum of 109 Colony-Forming Units per milliliter. For each bacterium, a bacterial inoculum was prepared and this, 40 &#956l were applied in a sterile swab and spread in the coupons, which were introduced in Petri dishes left at 20°C temperature, for different exposure times (1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 72 hours). This test was performed in triplicate. After each time period, the samples were pressed against the culture medium Mueller-Hinton Agar at ten different points of the plate. The agar diffusion method was used to assess the cytotoxicity of nickel-beryllium alloy to clone cell line NCTC 929. The results show a greater resistance to nickel-beryllium alloy of gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) compared to gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E. coli). Of the latter mentioned, E. coli was the only one that survived until the sixth hour of exposure when contact an hour with the alloy. However, S. aureus and S. epidermidis were able to hold out until the twelfth time in contact with nickel-beryllium alloy. However, from this incubation period, even staphylococci tolerated the presence of these ions. When analyzed the results of cytotoxicity, the alloy showed no cytotoxic effect the NCTC clone 929 cells, are classified as zone index (IZ) zero. The data obtained show that the alloy possesses antibacterial properties against the tested bacterial cells and has no toxic effect on the cell line NCTC clone 929. Furthermore, \'Ni\'\'Be\' alloy was more cytotoxic against gram-negative bacteria.

Kompakte faseroptische Sonden bieten viel Potential bei der dosimetrischen Qualitätssicherung, speziell in der Protonentherapie. Neben der im Vergleich zu Ionisationskammern hohen Ortsauflösung erlaubt die Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldern die Anwendung parallel zur Echtzeit-Bildgebung mittels Magnetresonanztomographie. Die untersuchte Sonde besteht aus einem kleinen Volumen des Luminophors Berylliumoxid, das über eine Glasfaser an Einzelphotonensensoren gekoppelt ist. Zur Korrektur der Dosisunterschätzung der BeO-Sonde, die bei hohem linearen Energietransfer auftritt, wird das restreichweitenabhängige Verhältnis zweier spektraler Anteile des Lumineszenzlichts betrachtet. Darüber hinaus erlaubt die hohe Zeitauflösung des Messsignals bei Abgleich der Photonenzählrate mit dem Bestrahlungsplan die Rekonstruktion des Strahlprofils. Dies ermöglichte neben der energie- und tiefenabhängigen Quantifizierung der Strahlbreite auch eine Analyse des erwähnten spektralen Verhältnisses innerhalb des Strahlprofils. Dazu wurden Messungen in einem Wasserphantom bei verschiedenen Tiefen und Protonenenergien durchgeführt. Als Referenz wurden Tiefendosiskurven mit einer Ionisationskammer aufgenommen, die auch mit einer einfachen Berechnung der dreidimensionalen Dosisverteilung auf Grundlage des Bestrahlungsplans verglichen wurden.

No description available.

The demand for metals is great for the purpose of developing green technologies, and EU has listed 30 metals and minerals that are of critical importance for the maintenance and evolving of today’s society, so called critical materials. However, mining of raw materials generates mine waste which can have adverse effect on human health, ecosystems, and surrounding areas. To be able to prevent the release of toxic levels of elements from mine waste, an understanding of how different elements behave in the secondary environments is necessary in order to use the most successful methods for mining remediation. It is common that secondary minerals, such as gypsum and/or HFOs (hydrous ferric oxides), forms in mine waste or in downstream environments, depending on the geochemical conditions. From prior studies, it is well established that trace elements are sorbed by HFO. But studies are scares regarding co-precipitation of elements with secondary gypsum formation, and few studies investigates the possibility of critical elements to be captured by secondary minerals. In this study, a prior unknown white precipitation along with tailings material from the Smaltjärnen tailings beach in Yxsjöberg, Sweden, has been investigated by combining mineralogical studies (SEM-EDS and DXRD analysis) with sequential extraction. The aim with the study was to identify the precipitation and to examine if critical elements had co-precipitated with the precipitation and HFOs within the sample. From the results it was possible to prove that the white precipitation was gypsum (CaSO4*2H2O), and it was indicated that some of the critical elements (beryllium for instance) showed affinity for gypsum, and that bismuth, tungsten, and chromium were sorped by HFOs. The combining of chemical analysis with mineralogical studies was of great importance for determining in which mineral phases the leached elements were situated, and the study has shown that secondary gypsum formation can be an important sink for some critical elements. More studies should be performed within this field of research to further investigate the importance of secondary minerals for scavenging of elements, not only to prevent toxic levels to be leached, but also to capture these elements in the purpose of re-mining. / Idag är behovet av metaller stort inom användningsområden för att utveckla gröna teknologier. EU har därför listat 30 metaller och mineral (kritiska material) som anses vara kritiska för att underhålla och utveckla dagens samhälle. Men brytning av råmaterial resulterar i generering av gruvavfall där avfallet potentiellt kan utgöra en risk för att skada bland annat människors hälsa och ekosystem. För att kunna förhindra att giftiga halter av grundämnen släpps ut från gruvavfall så krävs en förståelse om hur olika ämnen beter sig i sekundära miljöer, för att på så sätt kunna tillämpa de mest framgångsrika metoderna för sanering och återställning av gruvområden. Det är vanligt förekommande att sekundära mineraler (såsom gips och järnhydroxider) fälls ut i gruvavfallet och/eller nedströms om gruvområdet beroende på de geokemiska förhållandena. Tidigare studier har visat att spårämnen kan binda till järnhydroxider, men endast ett fåtal studier undersöker samutfällning av olika spårämnen tillsammans med sekundärt gips. Hur specifikt kritiska metaller kan fångas upp av sekundära mineral är ännu inte välstuderat. I denna studie har en vit, tidigare okänd, utfällning provtagits från en av deponierna med anrikningssand i den historiska volframgruvan i Yxsjöberg. Utfällningen identifierades genom att kombinera mineralogiska studier (SEM-EDS och DXRD analys) med kemiska lakvattenanalyser från en sekventiell lakning. Målet med studien var att mineralogiskt karaktärisera den okända utfällningen och att undersöka om kritiska ämnen möjligen samutfällts tillsammans med de sekundära mineralen. Studien visade att utfällningen var sekundärt gips (CaSO4*2H2O) och det kunde påvisas att vissa kritiska metaller visade affinitet för gipset (exempelvis beryllium) och att andra kritiska metaller samutfällts/adsorberats av järnhydroxider. Att kombinera dom olika metoderna visade sig att vara till stor nytta för att kunna påvisa vilka mineral dom olika grundämnena var bundna till, och studien har även visat att sekundärt gips kan vara en sänka för vissa kritiska metaller. Mer studier bör utföras inom detta forskningsområde i framtiden för att vidare undersöka hur sekundära mineral kan binda kritiska metaller, inte endast för att förhindra att giftiga halter av metaller släpps ut, utan också för att undersöka möjligheten att återvinna gruvavfallet för utvinning av kritiska metaller.