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Given the perception that it lacks differentiated study for distinct linguistic varieties under the general discussion of mother tongue tuition, this study is devoted to the Chinese mother tongue education in Sweden. It aims to better understand the motivational issues in the Chinese mother tongue learning for Swedish-Chinese simultaneous bilinguals from the teachers’ perspective. Interview was chosen as the primary fieldwork method to solicit teachers’ understanding and experience on the subject. It is found out that the teachers experience motivation of target students as a multifaceted issue and their strategies stretch over a wide spectrum. The collected empirics are analyzed with the help of linguistic theories of the Chinese language and bilingualism, as well as motivational theories in language learning. It is concluded that the family plays a vital role in the development of bilingualism and that the multiplicity and the morphographic nature of the Chinese language impose extra challenge on Chinese mother tongue teachers and Swedish-Chinese simultaneous bilinguals, at the same time the current general curriculum for mother tongue teaching fails to provide sufficient and relevant guidance to Chinese mother tongue teaching.

Esta tesis investiga el nivel de competencia bilingüe (la capacidad de un hablante para comprender y producir en dos idiomas) de los habitantes de la región de Tres Fronteras, Sudamérica. Tres Fronteras es el nombre de la zona trifronteriza entre las ciudades de Leticia, Colombia; Tabatinga, Brasil; y Santa Rosa de Yavarí, Perú. En Tres Fronteras, las personas de los tres países pueden cruzar libremente de un país a otro, lo que crea situaciones de contacto lingüístico entre el español y el portugués. Debido a esa situación de contacto lingüístico, muchas personas de las tres ciudades tienen al menos un conocimiento básico del otro idioma. De acuerdo con la metodología de Carvalho (1998, 2003, 2006, 2016) y Alvar (1977), 42 habitantes de la región fueron entrevistados primeramente en su L1 y, posteriormente, en su L2. Luego, a esos participantes se les asignó una calificación holística de acuerdo con su competencia en su L2, según una rúbrica lingüística. Después, a los participantes se les administró una encuesta en la que respondieron preguntas basadas en su propio uso de la lengua y el uso de los dos idiomas de la región. Los resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos de los datos recopilados brindaron una nueva perspectiva sobre el nivel de bilingüismo de esa área menos estudiada en la que la mayoría de los participantes fueron bilingües con una capacidad mucho más limitada en su L2 comparada con su L1. Las excepciones a esa tendencia aparecieron caso por caso con los participantes con experiencia significativa viviendo en el país de la L2 (brasileños viviendo en Colombia o Perú, o viceversa) siendo bilingües con altos niveles de competencia en su L2. Las similitudes entre el español y el portugués y la nivelación dialectal también parecen contribuir a la falta de motivación para dominar la L2, ya que la mayoría de las personas en el país que habla la L2 puede entender, en su mayor parte, el otro idioma con un cierto nivel de inteligibilidad mutua.

Multilingualism is currently a much discussed topic, especially abroad. The objective of this thesis is to examine whether and eventually how multilingualism affects the process of learning Czech as a second language within Erasmus+ language courses. The language skills of both the lecturers and the students of these courses meet the EU language policy requirement to master at least two foreign languages. In the theoretical framework of the thesis, the terms multilingualism and bilingualism are explained, citing mainly foreign scholarly literature. The focus is then shifted to the EU language policy and the current state of research into multilingualism in language teaching. In the last part of the theoretical framework, multilingualism didactics and the communicative approach are introduced. The chief data source for the following empirical research are audio recordings of Czech language courses for Erasmus+ students of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. The data gathered from the classes are then analyzed and interpreted, with a focus on the manifestations of multilingualism. The thesis first deals with English, other foreign languages used in the courses follow. In the closing part, several teaching situations in which the multilingualism didactics is present are introduced, as...

The implication of South Africa’s multicultural and linguistic diversity is that many learners have a home language that is not their language of instruction. Research has indicated that children learn best in their home language (UNESCO, 2020). In South Africa, however, language is seen as one of the biggest barriers to teaching and learning. In the historical context of South Africa’s divided past, equal educational opportunities are still not afforded to every learner, with many learners learning in a language in which they are not yet proficient. In South Africa, there is also a preference for learning through the medium of English, due to its global status and common use by the workforce. This preference is not only shown by teachers and learners themselves but also by parents who prefer that their children learn through the medium of English. Due to globalisation, multilingualism in education has become a major point of discussion in relation to research in education. Translanguaging, which is how multilingual speakers use more than one language in their everyday communication with others, is questioning ‘monolingual practices and ideologies worldwide’ (Makalela, 2013). This study was conducted in two township primary schools in Eersterust, which is a Coloured township situated west of Mamelodi in the Tshwane South District. The study aimed to answer the following research questions: What are the perceptions of translanguaging amongst English teachers in township primary schools? And why do teachers perceive translanguaging in this way? The research participants included seven English-language teachers from Grades 4, 5, 6 and 7. All these participants were selected purposively, and their participation was voluntary. Data were collected qualitatively through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, classroom observations and documentation. The conclusion from the study is that teachers viewed translanguaging as an effective strategy within their Home and First Additional English-language classrooms. Teachers from both schools instinctively implemented translanguaging on a daily basis. Translanguaging within both schools did not occur only as a pedagogical practice but also as a sociolinguistic phenomenon. What was evident from the findings were the many acts of unplanned and spontaneous translanguaging which took place within the classrooms. These findings were generated through accounts that teachers gave during interviews, during classroom observations of their lessons and, through analysis of lesson plans. The unplanned acts of translanguaging confirmed that teachers were willing to implement translanguaging, which in turn influenced their perceptions of translanguaging. What was also evident was that many of the social circumstances, which teachers and learners within this community faced on a regular basis, influenced how translanguaging was implemented. / Dissertation (MEd (Curriculum and Instructional Design and Development))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Humanities Education / MEd (Curriculum and Instructional Design and Development) / Unrestricted

VALENTOVÁ, Markéta. Development of communication skills of children with specific language impairment growing up in a bilingual environment. Praha: Pedagogical Faculty, Charles University, 2021. 84 p. Magister Degree Thesis. The thesis focuses on speech therapy from the perspective of special pedagogy. It focuses on the development of communication skills in children with specific language impairment who grow up in a bilingual family, where one of the parents communicates with the child in Czech and the other in another language. The aim of the work was to analyze the development of communication skills of children from the research sample. The first part of the thesis defines the concepts of communication, language and its importance in terms of relationship building and identity formation, speech and its development. It stipulates the introduction to the issue of bilingualism, including its types and degrees, the area of bilingual education and language development and its specifics in a bilingual child. The work also contributes to the methods and strategies of bilingual education and its possible pitfalls. The last chapter of the theoretical part outlines the issue of speech therapy care for a bilingual child with impaired communication skills and deals with the issue of specific language...

This diploma thesis have special pedagogical character and it focuses on language development of children from multilingual environment. The reason for this focus is their increasing number. However, there are still relatively few publications on this topic in the Czech Republic because more emphasis is placed on bilingualism. In the theoretical part, is trying to cover the complexity of language development and then deal with the concepts of multilingualism and bilingualism. In the practical part there is a qualitative research investigation based on three case studies of children from multilingual environment. The individual studies describe in detail their language development, including the possible mixing of language codes, and possible communication disabilities. Also, there is trying to find which of the language becomes relaxed for the children. Interviews with parents and class teacher mainly used to obtain data.

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Ämnet för mitt examensarbete är tvåspråkighet. Mitt fokus ligger på tysktalande barn som har levt en stor del av sitt liv med sin familj utanför ett tysktalande land, dvs. i Sverige eller som är födda i Sverige med tysktalande föräldrar. Mitt syfte är att få en inblick hur tvåspråkiga elever ser på deras tvåspråkighet och hur de upplever att vara tvåspråkiga. Min motivering till detta val av ämne beror på att jag själv är tvåspråkig uppvuxen mellan två olika kulturer och jag tycker att samarbete mellan familj och ämnes-/klass-/special- modersmålslärarna ska intensifieras mer för att eleverna ska nå bättre resultat i ämnena och ändå bibehålla och lära sig något om sin kultur. Eleverna ska inte tappa bort sitt ursprung när de flyttar utomlands utan de ska kunna känna sig trygga i att vara tvåspråkiga. Mitt intresse gäller hur tyska barnen känner sig med att vara tvåspråkiga. Ser de sin tvåspråkighet som en extra tillgång eller är det något tråkigt som de är tvungna att kunna för att föräldrarna vill det? Dessa frågor gjorde mig nyfiken och därför tyckte jag att det kunde vara spännande att fördjupa sig inom detta område, men också för att jag arbetar som lärare i moderna språk tyska och som modersmålslärare i tyska. Mitt arbete är knuten till tysktalande barn. Jag gjorde en kvalitativ undersökning och intervjuade tio elever i årskurserna sju till nio med tyska som modersmål och jag fick olika intryck av hur elever ser på modersmål, att vara delar i olika kulturer och andra språk. Jag utgick i första hand från Bronfenbrenners teori. Han är en rysk forskare som hänvisar till mänsklig utveckling som ett resultat av interaktioner mellan den växande organismen och dess omgivning. Dessutom tog jag upp nyare forskning. Jag bestämde mig för Ladberg, som är bland annat fil.dr. i pedagogik, utbildare, konsult och författare. Hon är specialiserad på att tala och skriva lättfattligt och engagerande om komplicerade saker. Hon publicerade ett tjugotal böcker, ett stort antal mindre skrifter och många artiklar. Några av hennes huvudsakliga arbetsområden är flerspråkighet och den mänskliga hjärnan. Efter utvärdering av intervjuarna hade tydligt framkommit att alla elever anser modersmålet som viktigt för dem och att det är en extra tillgång att kunna prata och skriva på ett språk till.