Lagos State in Nigeria is faced with the massive problem of waste from plastic bags which causes the yearly flooding displacing thousands of residents and causes diseases like malaria. Plastic bags which became popular because of their versatility, affordability and durability have now become a major source of environmental degradation requiring the use of more environmentally friendly alternatives like Jute, woolen bags, and biodegradable types of plastic. The Nigerian legislature proposed a plastic bag prohibition bill to reduce the manufacture and use of plastic bags with fines and time behind bars which is Nigeria’s first attempt at managing the menace of single-use plastic bags. The goal of this study is to determine reasons for the continued use of plastic bags to contribute to better management of plastic bags waste. It further investigates the available alternatives and willingness of the residents of Lagos to embrace some alternatives to plastic bags. Anonymous online surveys were distributed across social media platforms and interviews involving shop owners described as “givers” who are off social media in this study was carried out. Responses from both quantitative and qualitative sources have been analyzed using the Nvivo software and connection circles have been developed to describe feedbacks within the system. Results showed that the lack of alternatives and convenience are the biggest reasons for the continued use of plastic bags in Lagos, Nigeria. The results further show that the proposed bill has not made provision of alternatives to plastic bags and incentives for manufacturers of plastic bags revealing poor public participation in policy-making of this nature. Overall, respondents have indicated a willingness to embrace alternatives to plastic bags and have mentioned that the situation is worsened by poor waste management in the state. Recommendations included more extensive research into the use of plastic bags with a bigger sample size with both online and offline platforms. This could encourage effective public participation in policy-making important for creating useful nudges in behavioural change in the shift from plastic bags.

No description available.

Exclusion of limitation of right to completion of a blank bill of exchange Abstract Blank bill of exchange is an intentionally incomplete instrument that is meant to be fulfilled in order to become a complete bill of exchange. The owner of the blank bill of exchange exercises his/her right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange by completing the prearranged requirements. The thesis focuses mainly on the time limitation of the right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange. The fulfillment of a blank bill of exchange is performed by the owner of a blank bill of exchange by exercising his right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange. This thesis focuses on the time limitation of the right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange. By exercising this right, the owner of a blank bill of exchange validates the bill of exchange. The absence of time limitation becomes especially significant when the maturity date of the bill of exchange is missing. In these circumstances, the owner of a blank bill of exchange has no time limitation for executing his right. According to the constant case-law of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic, the right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange shall not be subject to the Statute of Limitations or any other time limitation. The presented thesis addresses the question as to whether the right to...

No description available.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce Date: 31 March 2015 / As the framework for the collection of revenue by SARS evolves to ensure taxpayer compliance, the protection of taxpayers’ fundamental rights should not be overlooked. This research will evaluate certain provisions of the recently enacted Tax Administration Act (the Act) against the background of the taxpayers’ rights to privacy, property and just administrative action. These rights are contained in the Constitution of South Africa, the supreme law of the land. The analysis suggests that the conduct of SARS in exercising its statutory powers as well as some of the provisions of the Act may conflict with taxpayers’ constitutional rights and that the remedies available in such situations are limited or do not offer taxpayers an effective mechanism to obtain remedial action. Key words: Bill of Rights, Constitution, Constitution of South Africa, constitutional right, just administrative action, legislation, Ombud, PAJA, Promotion of Administrative Justice Act, privacy, property, remedies, SARS, tax, tax administration, Tax Administration Act, Tax Ombud, taxation, taxpayer, taxpayer compliance.

There has been an increase in the discussion about Software Bills of Material (SBOM) in the last few years, following a number of big-scale supply-chain attacks and vulnerabilities discovered in Open Source third-party packages. However, there is a lot to be done before the software community as a whole can fully reap the benefits SBOMs are claimed to provide.  The objective of this thesis is to investigate how far the Open Source software (OSS) community has come in adopting SBOMs, and how the existing SBOMs evolve, focusing on the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) format. For the purpose of this investigation an archival study was conducted, looking for SBOMs in OSS projects on GitHub and analyzing their content and evolution. This is one of the first large-scale searches for SBOMs in OSS projects, with the objective to research the practice of SBOM.  Only a fraction of the repositories that were inspected contained a SBOM, and most of them were found in Go projects. The SBOMs could be found in the source code of the repository, but the majority were found amongst the assets in the releases. Overall, the SBOMs were updated frequently using the latest SPDX format, and most stayed consistent with the quality of the content over time.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to inductively examine the content of the popular comic strip Calvin and Hobbes by analyzing its latent and subjective meaning to discover basic social psychological issues associated with family recreation. The entire collection of 1,360 Calvin and Hobbes strips was evaluated using Grounded Theory techniques influenced by the art scholarship evaluation tool iconography. Review of the strip suggests one way to assess the meaning associated with time use is through preemptive retrospection by which a person looks at current experiences through the lens of an anticipated future to estimate how meaningful that time will be. Overall, Calvin and Hobbes suggests that meaningful time use is a key attribute of a life well lived. One key element of meaningful time use is time spent with family. The strip also helps us see the value in continuing to seek that meaning with family despite apparent setbacks. This analysis brought to light issues associated with gathering meaning from comic strips, which are also discussed. Recommendations are made for future research in the field.

No description available.