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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

Following the mevalonate pathway to bone heal alley /

Skoglund, Björn, January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
232

Following the mevalonate pathway to bone heal alley /

Skoglund, Björn, January 2007 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
233

Collagen and Fibrin Bioplymer Microthreads for Bioengineered Ligament Generation: a Dissertation

Cornwell, Kevin 01 May 2007 (has links)
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee leads to chronic joint instability and reduced range of motion while the long term results are marred by a high prevalence of degenerative joint disease especially osteoarthritis. Bundles of collagen threads have been widely investigated for the repair of torn ACL, but are limited by insufficient tissue ingrowth to repopulate and completely regenerate these grafts. We have developed a novel in vitro method of characterizing fiber-based thread matrices by probing their ability to promote tissue ingrowth from a wound margin as a measure of their ability to promote repopulation and regeneration. This method is useful in the optimization of thread scaffolds, and is sensitive enough to distinguish between subtle variations in biopolymer chemistry and organization. Furthermore, this method was used to characterize the effects of crosslinking on the cell outgrowth and correlated the findings with the mechanical properties of collagen threads. The results suggest that crosslinking is required to achieve sufficient mechanical properties for high stress applications such as ACL replacement, but regardless of technique, crosslinking attenuated the cell outgrowth properties of the threads. To improve the regenerative capacity of these scaffolds, novel fibrin microthread matrices were developed with a similar morphology to collagen threads and sufficient mechanical strength to be incorporated in composite thread scaffold systems. These fibrin microthreads were loaded with FGF-2, a potent mitogen and chemotactic agent that works synergistically with fibrin in regulating cell signaling and gene expression. Increases in fibroblast migration and proliferation in FGF-2-loaded fibrin threads were successfully demonstrated with the concomitant promotion of oriented, aligned, spindle-like fibroblast morphology. These results suggest that fibrin-FGF-2 microthreads have distinct advantages as a biomaterial for the rapid regeneration of injured tissues such as the ACL.
234

Structural characterisation and in vitro behaviour of apatite coatings and powders

Etok, Susan Essien January 2005 (has links)
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings are used in orthopaedic surgery for bone regeneration. Current methods of phase quantification of HAP coatings suffer from drawbacks. A novel methodology of quantitative phase analysis of HAP coatings has been devised and validated. This method, based on whole pattern fitting with a fundamental parameters approach, incorporates amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and apatite phases into structural refinements. A comparison of the structural and chemical properties of plasma sprayed (PS) and novel electrodeposited (ED) HAP coatings has been conducted. ED coatings contained less ACP and more preferred orientation than the PS coatings, although the stoichiometry was similar. In vitro investigations of PS and ED coatings in simulated body fluid and foetal calf serum revealed that both are bioactive. A carbonated apatite layer produced on the ED coatings was -0.7μm thick with a stoichiometry and chemical constituents similar to that of natural bone apatite. PS coatings produced a nanocrystalline carbonated apatite layer (-4μm). For the first time it has been possible to model crystalline HAP and nanocrystalline apatite as independent phases and obtain accurate lattice parameters for each. A positive linear correlation has been made between microstrain and the solubility of HAP and carbonated apatites. Dissolution studies have shown that the behaviour of HAP and carbonated apatite is dominated by crystallite size at low undersaturation and by crystallite size and microstrain at high undersaturation for crystallites between -30OA- 1000A. Metastable equilibrium occurred for crystallites <_400A at low undersaturation. Carbonate content did not affect the solubility or dissolution behaviour. A novel technology for coating polymeric tape with HAP for potential use in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been devised. Mechanical tests have demonstrated that no adverse properties are induced by the coating technology. Cell culture studies have shown that the HAP layer is capable of enhanced attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells compared to uncoated tape.
235

Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas poliméricas para veiculação de lignanas bioativas / Synthesis and characterization of polymeric nanoparticles for bioactive lignan

Lima, Regiane Godoy de 20 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Regiane Godoy de Lima (regigodoy@gmail.com) on 2018-07-10T18:42:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Regiane versão final.pdf: 4431175 bytes, checksum: ae162e9e86a8dc06ab1e81dc83a8f1cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-07-10T19:18:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_rg_dr_ilha.pdf: 4431175 bytes, checksum: ae162e9e86a8dc06ab1e81dc83a8f1cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_rg_dr_ilha.pdf: 4431175 bytes, checksum: ae162e9e86a8dc06ab1e81dc83a8f1cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os produtos naturais são uma fonte inesgotável de compostos químicos com as mais variadas propriedades biológicas, entretanto, muitos deles têm baixa biodisponibilidade e/ou são degradados pelas condições fisiológicas, o que os torna de pouco interesse para uso como potenciais fármacos. Dentre os vários produtos naturais bioativos as lignanas apresentam um significativo potencial citotóxico contra várias linhagens de células tumorais, como a (-)-hinoquinina (HNK), (-)-cubebina (CB) e (-)-6,6’-dinitrohinoquinina (DN), determinado em outros trabalhos. Entretanto, essa lignanas possuem caráter hidrofóbico e podem ser degradadas em condições fisiológicas dependendo do pH. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a incorporação dessas lignanas em nanopartículas poliméricas (NNPs), como forma de melhorar a biodisponibilidade, perdas por degradação e os efeitos da incorporação sobre a atividade citotóxica desses compostos. Neste estudo a HNK e CB foram extraídas da Piper cubeba e a DN foi sintetizada a partir da reação de nitração da HNK. Essa lignanas foram submetidas a ensaios de citotoxicidade contra as linhagens tumorais Hep-2 e Si-Ha. As NNPs com e sem a lignana foram sintetizadas utilizando como matriz polimérica inicialmente o PLGA (Poli(ácido lático-co-ácido glicólico). As NNPs sintetizadas foram caracterizadas quanto ao seu tamanho, morfologia e estabilidade utilizando análises de MEV, DSC, MET, UV/Vis, FTIR, DLS e potencial zeta. A eficiência da incorporação foi determinada através de analises de UV/Vis. Nos ensaios de citotoxicidade todas as lignanas foram ativas, com destaque para a inibição de 98% da HNK sobre a linhagem Hep-2. As três lignanas foram incorporadas em NNPs de PLGA utilizando o método de nanoemulsão-evaporação com agitação mecânica e gotejamento, entretanto a estabilidade dessas NNPs e as porcentagens de incorporação indicaram que apenas as NNPs-PLGA-HNK apresentaram os parâmetros necessários para a utilização nos ensaios de citotoxicidade. Portanto, outros estudos foram realizados com as três lignanas visando a melhora nos métodos de obtenção e estabilidade com o uso de sonicador e diferente composição do PLGA (50:50) e PLGA-PEG. As análises físicas mostraram que as nanopartículas de PLGA (50:50) obtidas através da metodologia por sonicação foram mais estáveis com menores tamanhos e maior potencial zeta em valores absolutos, entretanto, a DN e a CB não foram encapsuladas de forma eficiente. Desta forma, somente a HNK prosseguiu no estudo. O uso do PLGA-PEG alterou de forma significante os parâmetros físicos e químicos das NNPs-PLGA-PEG-HNK em relação as de PLGA-HKN. Os testes de liberação mostraram melhores resultados com as NNPs-PLGA-HNK, principalmente em pH 7,4. O tempo de liberação total da HNK em todas as NNPs avaliadas foi em torno de 30 minutos o que sugere que as nanopartículas obtidas são nanocápsulas. A comparação dos resultados dos ensaios de citotoxicidade mostraram que o CI50 das NNPs de PLGA-HNK foi de 29,8 µM sobre as células tumorais Si-Ha, enquanto a HNK livre apresentou CI50 = 110 µM. Para as outras células tumorais mais agressivas as NNPs de PLGA(50:50)-HNK foram menos eficazes do que a HNK livre, com cerca de 50% de perda da atividade. Esses resultados indicam a efetividade das NPPs de PLGA(65:35)-HNK sobre as células da linhagem Si-Ha, e que o encapsulamento da HNK em NNPs de PLGA pode ser uma alternativa para diminuir a decomposição e aumentar a biodisponibilidade para a condução de em ensaios in vivo. / The natural products are inexhaustible source of chemical compounds with the most varied biological properties; however, many of them have low bioavailability and / or are degraded by physiological conditions, which makes them less interesting for use as potential drugs. Among the several bioactive natural products the lignans present a significant cytotoxic potential against several tumor cell lines, as (-)-hinokinin (HNK), (-)-cubebin (CB) and (-)-6,6’-dinitrohinokinin (DN), determined in previous works. However, these lignans have a hydrophobic character and can be degraded in physiological conditions depending on pH. Thus, the present work aimed to study the incorporation of these lignans into polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), as a method to improve bioavailability, avoid losses by degradation and evaluate as this incorporation affects the its cytotoxic activity. In this study, the HNK and CB were extracted from Piper cubeba and the DN was synthesized from the nitration reaction of the HNK. These lignans were submitted to cytotoxicity assays against tumoral cells Hep-2 and Si-Ha. The empty and content lignans PLGA (Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid, 65:35) PNPs were synthesized using the emulsion-evaporation methodology on mechanical agitation and dripping. The PNPs were investigated for their size, morphology and stability through SEM, DSC, TEM, UV/Vis, FTIR, DLS and zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency incorporation of the lignan was determined by analysis of UV/Vis. In the cytotoxicity assays all lignans were active, with emphasis on inhibition of 98% da (-)-hinokinin about the Hep-2 tumoral line. The three lignans were incorporated into PLGA (65:35) NNPs, however the stability of these PNPs and the percentages of incorporation indicated that only the PLGA-HNK PNPs had the parameters required for use in the cytotoxicity assays. Therefore, other studies were performed with the three lignans aiming to improve the methods of obtaining and stability from sonicator and different composition in PLGA: (50:50) and PLGA-PEG. The physical analyzes showed that PLGA (50:50) nanoparticles obtained by sonication were more stable with smaller sizes and higher zeta potential in absolute values. However, even in this method, DN e CB were not efficiently encapsulated. In this way, only HNK continued the study. The use of PLGA-PEG altered the physical and chemical parameters of PLGA-PEG-HNK NNPs obtained when compared to PLGA-HNK NNPs. Release tests showed better results with NNPs-PLGA-HNK, especially at pH 7.4. The total release time of HNK in all NNPs evaluated was around 30 minutes, which suggests that the nanoparticles obtained are nanocapsules. Comparison of cytotoxicity assay results showed that PLGA-HNK PNPs IC50 was 29.8 μM on the Si-Ha tumor cells, while the free HNK showed IC50 = 110 μM. For the other more aggressive tumor cells PLGA (50:50)-HNK PNPs were less effective than free HNK with about 50% loss of activity. These results indicate the effectiveness of PLGA(65:35)-HNK NPPs on cells of the Si-Ha line, and that the encapsulation of HNK in PLGA NNPs may be an alternative to decrease decomposition and increase bioavailability for conducting biological assays in vivo. / PSDE/88881.134923/2016-01
236

Avaliação da biocompatibilidade e citotoxicidade dos cimentos: Endo-CPM-Sealer, Sealapex e Ângelus MTA

Watanabe, Simone [UNESP] 19 December 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 watanabe_s_me_araca.pdf: 310690 bytes, checksum: cd933b6e1170509831a34ff5afc29200 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A necessidade de melhorar a qualidade dos materiais utilizados no tratamento endodôntico tem estimulado o estudo de vários materiais, buscando melhores condições de trabalho, biocompatibilidade e propriedade de estimular a ocorrência do selamento biológico. Este trabalho teve a finalidade de avaliar quantitativamente e qualitativamente a resposta tecidual frente ao implante de tubos de polietileno preenchidos pelos cimentos Endo-CPM-Sealer®, Sealapex® e Ângelus MTA® em tecido subcutâneo de ratos e a citotoxicidade e a produção de citocinas (IL-1β e IL-6) por fibroblastos de camundongos estimulados por estes cimentos. Para os testes de biocompatibilidade foram utilizados 30 ratos, os quais receberam individualmente três implantes de tubos de polietileno contendo os cimentos a serem testados e mais um tubo vazio como controle. Após 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias do período de implantação, os animais foram sacrificados e os tubos de polietileno juntamente com o tecido que o circunda foram removidos, fixados e processados para análise em microscopia de luz. Após inclusão em glicol metacrilato, foram realizados cortes seriados de 3mm, corados com hematoxilina-eosina e cortes de 10mm, corados com Von Kossa e sem coloração para serem analisados sob luz polarizada. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de Kruskal Wallis. Os materiais Endo-CPM-Sealer®, Sealapex® e Ângelus MTA® causaram reações moderada no tempo experimental de 7 dias que diminuiu com o tempo. A resposta foi similar entre os grupos Controle, Endo- CPM-Sealer® e Ângelus MTA® no tempo experimental de 30 dias. Aos 60 dias todos os grupos foram semelhantes ao Controle. Mineralizações e granulações birrefringentes à luz polarizada foram observadas com todos os materiais. Foi possível concluir que o Endo-CPM-Sealer® foi biocompatível e estimulou a mineralização. Para o teste... / The need of improving the quality of materials used in endodontic treatment has stimulated the study of various materials seeking better working conditions, biocompatibility and property to stimulate the occurrence of biological sealing. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the tissue response to the implantation of polyethylene tubes filled with Endo-CPM-Sealer®, Sealapex® and Ângelus MTA® in subcutaneous tissue of rats and cytotoxicity and production of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) by mouse fibroblasts stimulated by these sealers. Thirty rats were used for the biocompatibility tests. Each animal received three implants of polyethylene tubes containing the cement to be tested and one empty polyethylene tube was used as control. After 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days from the implantation time, the animals were killed and the tubes with surrounding tissues were removed, fixed and processed for analysis using a light microscope. After inclusion in glycol methacrylate, they were serially sectioned into 3 μm or 10 μm cuts and stained with hematoxylineosin, Von Kossa or remained without staining to be observed under polarized light. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test. The materials Endo- CPM-Sealer®, Sealapex® and Ângelus MTA® caused moderate reactions at 7 days which decreased with time. The response was similar among the control group, Endo- CPM-Sealer® and Ângelus MTA® at the 30th day. At 60th day all groups were similar to control group. Mineralization and granulations birefringent to the polarized light were observed with all materials. It was possible to conclude that Endo-CPM-Sealer® was biocompatible and stimulated mineralization. To test the cytotoxicity of mouse fibroblast (L929) were incubated in plate of 24 wells and stimulated with the sealers tested. Cell culture... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
237

Ação de biomateriais e laser de baixa intensidade na reparação tecidual óssea: estudo histológico em ratos

Pretel, Hermes [UNESP] 11 February 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pretel_h_me_arafo_prot.pdf: 4958895 bytes, checksum: 2233125e5e1962443593d9b99271bb22 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona propicia estimulação na reparação óssea por apresentar propriedades de osteocondutividade auxiliando na neoformação óssea. Quanto a osteoindução, pode ser estimulada por fatores de crescimento, como a BMP, e por fatores físicos como o laser. O trabalho avaliou a regeneração óssea a partir da confecção de uma lesão na base da mandíbula de rato, preenchida com mamona particulada, acrescida do pool de BMP E Hidroxiapatita (HA) absorvível. Posteriormente aplicou-se ou não um estímulo local com o laser de baixa intensidade. O aparelho utilizado foi o Laser beam (Semicondutor de Arseneto de Gálio-Alumínio, infravermelho - 785nm, 35mW). Foram usados 60 ratos Holtzman, divididos em quatro grupos de 15 animais, e estes subdivididos em 5 animais por período de análise, da seguinte forma: Grupo Controle (somente defeito); Grupo Experimental com estimulação laser (dose=178J/cm2; energia=1,4J); Grupo Experimental com mamona particulada acrescido de (BMP-HA); Grupo Experimental com mamona particulada acrescido de (BMP-HA), e estimulação laser (dose=178J/cm2; energia=1,4J). Os ratos foram sacrificados nos períodos de 15,45 e 60 dias; as mandíbulas foram removidas e processadas para inclusão em parafina, e os cortes de 6um foram corados por H&E, Tricrômico de Massom e Picro sirius. Os resultados histológicos mostraram formação óssea em todos os grupos. Nos grupos com o laser, a resposta tecidual foi antecipada em relação aos demais grupos promovendo a rápida neoformação da matriz óssea. / It suggest that polyurethane achieved from (Ricinus communis) induces bone repair because their osteoconductivity properties. In concerning the bone-inducing, that promotes osseous neoformation, it has been stimulate by growth factors, as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and laser therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate osseous regeneration after mandible defects created in rats, and coveried with polyurethane resin partices (Ricinus communis), added with BMP and absorbable Hydroxyapatite (HA), stimulated or not by Laser beam. It was used the laser equipment Laser beam (Infra-red, continuous, Gallium-arsenide, 785nm, 35mW). Were utilized for this study 60 rats (Holtzman), were distributed in 4 groups of 15 animals. The control group (with only defect); the experimental group with laser stimulated (fluency=178J/cm2; energy=1,4J); the experimental group with resin particles added with (BMP-HA), and another similar group with laser stimulation (fluency=178J/cm2; energy=1,4J). The animals were then sacrified at the 15th, 45th and 60th days; mandibles were removed and processed for light microscopy. The histological examination samples were stain with H&E, Tricomic of Masson and Sirius Red. The results showed osseous neoformation in all groups. However, in the groups with laser stimulation the tissue response presented demonstrating earlier bone matrix formation.
238

Análise comparativa de diferentes substitutos ósseos sintéticos microporosos em calvária de coelhos / Comparative analysis of different Synthetic microporous bone substitutes in rabbit calvaria

Levandowski Junior, Nelson 14 July 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T15:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo LEVANDOWSKI.pdf: 475369 bytes, checksum: 6234f28eabf60dbad017c95e2d659f76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nanotechnology involves creation, manipulation and exploitation of materials at the nanoscale. This Science has led to research and development of new materials consisting of molecules, particles and/or grains in the nanometer scale. The Research Group in Biomaterials of UDESC develops studies in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials for more than a decade with the goal of developing nanostructured biomaterials with different characteristics of conventional biomaterials, capable of promoting early bone formation and contributes significantly within the bone healing and quality of life The first step of this Thesis research aimed to characterize six different granular microporous biomaterials divided into two groups. Group I was composed of hydroxyapatite (HAp), beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) at a concentration of 60% HAp and 40% TCP by volume. Group II consisted of three compositions of nanocomposites in hydroxyapatite matrix, with 5% by volume of the second nanometric phase, in the following compositions: HAp-SiO2n, HAp-TiO2n and HAp-Al2O3-&#945;n. The results of the characterization were related to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), morphological and microstructural characterization, specific surface area, hydrostatic density and open porosity. After characterization studies, the calcium phosphate biomaterials and nanocomposites were used for simultaneous comparative analysis of bone formation in a method of guided bone augmentation in rabbit calvaria. Blood clot (C) and bovine hydroxyapatite BioOss® (HAP-BOV) served as control. The results of histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that the biomaterial HAp-SiO2 showed the highest amount of mineralized bone tissue after 45 days (39.07%), followed by HAp (36.92%), TCP (31.3%), BCP (31.2%), HAp-Al2O3 (28.88%), HAp-BOV (26.45%), HAp-TiO2 (15.92%) and C (3.6%). After 90 days, analysis was performed only for Group I and the 14 HAp biomaterial had the highest amount of mineralized bone tissue (49.46%), followed by BCP (41.5%), TCP (35.18%) and C (6.26%). The results of the characterization and in vivo studies showed that calcium phosphates HAp, TCP, BCP and nanocomposite HAp-SiO2 were biocompatible and do not induced inflammatory tissue reactions. Their microstructural characteristics, with lower grain than 800nm and interconnected microporosity above 25%, provided better performance of bone formation in relation to commercial biomaterial used as control. / A nanotecnologia envolve a criação, manipulação e exploração de materiais na escala nanométrica. Esta Ciência tem levado à investigação e ao desenvolvimento de novos materiais constituídos por moléculas, partículas e/ou grãos na escala do nanômetro. O Grupo de Pesquisa em Biomateriais da UDESC desenvolve pesquisas na área de nanotecnologia e nanomateriais há mais de uma década com o objetivo de desenvolver biomateriais nanoestruturados com características diferenciadas dos biomateriais convencionais, capazes de promover a neoformação óssea precoce e contribuir significativamente dentro dos processos de reparação tecidual e com a qualidade de vida. A primeira etapa deste trabalho de Tese teve por objetivo realizar a caracterização de seis diferentes biomateriais microporosos granulados, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo I foi composto pelos biomateriais hidroxiapatita (HAp), fosfato tricálcico beta (TCP) e fosfato de cálcio bifásico (BCP) na concentração de 60% HAp e 40% TCP em volume. O grupo II foi formado por três composições de biomateriais nanocompósitos em matriz de hidroxiapatita, a 5% em volume da segunda fase nanométrica, nas seguintes composições: HAp-SiO2n, HAp-TiO2n e HAp-Al2O3-&#61537;n. Os resultados de caracterização obtidos relacionaram os dados referentes à análise por difratometria de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), caracterização morfológica e microestrutural, área superficial, densidade hidrostática e porosidade aberta. Após a realização dos estudos de caracterização, os biomateriais fosfatos de cálcio e nanocompósitos foram utilizados para uma análise comparativa simultânea de formação óssea em um método de aumento ósseo guiado em calvária de coelhos. Como controle foram utilizados o coágulo sanguíneo (C) e a hidroxiapatita bovina BioOss® (HAP-BOV). Os resultados da análise histomorfométrica demonstraram que o biomaterial HAp-SiO2 apresentou a maior quantidade de tecido ósseo mineralizado aos 45 dias (39,07%), seguido da HAp (36,92%), TCP (31,3%), BCP (31,2%), HAp-Al2O3 (28,88%), HAp-BOV (26,45%), HAp-TiO2 (15,92%) e C (3,6%). A análise aos 90 dias foi realizada apenas para o grupo I e o biomaterial HAp apresentou a maior 12 quantidade de tecido ósseo mineralizado (49,46%), seguido por BCP (41,5%), TCP (35,18%) e C (6,26%). Os resultados obtidos dos estudos de caracterização e de formação óssea mostraram que os fosfatos de cálcio microporosos HAp, TCP, BCP e o nanocompósito microporoso HAp-SiO2 foram biocompatíveis e não induziram reações teciduais inflamatórias. Suas características microestruturais, com grãos inferiores a 800nm e microporosidade interconectada acima de 25%, proporcionaram um melhor desempenho de formação óssea em relação ao biomaterial comercial utilizado como controle.
239

Avaliação de implantes de titânio com modificação da superfície por abrasão a laser ou recobrimento por hidroxiapatita biomimétrica. Estudo biomecânico em tíbia de coelhos /

Faeda, Rafael Silveira. January 2006 (has links)
Resumo: O sucesso dos sistemas modernos de implantes dentais tem sido relacionado ao desenvolvimento do design e das características de superfícies dos implantes. O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar duas novas superfícies de implantes (modificada por laser - SML e recoberta por hidroxiapatita biomimética - HA), comparando-as a outros dois implantes comerciais, (superfície usinada - SU e modificada por jateamento e ataque ácido - SMC). Um total de 96 implantes (3,75 x 10mm), 24 de cada superfície, foram instalados na tíbia de coelhos e avaliados após 4, 8 e 12 semanas. Após os períodos de cicatrização os animais foram sacrificados, os implantes expostos e a força necessária para derosquea-los foi aferida por um torquímetro analógico. Em 4 e 8 semanas, os implantes HA apresentaram valor de torque de remoção estatisticamente superior (p<0,05) quando comparado aos demais, sendo o mesmo observado para os implantes SML quando comparados aos SU. Após 12 semanas, os implantes HA e SML foram estatisticamente superiores aos implantes SU. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os implantes HA foram superiores aos demais nos períodos iniciais, obtendo uma estabilidade satisfatória com 4 semanas de implantação. Os implantes SML foram superiores aos SU em todos os períodos avaliados, porém não apresentando diferenças quando com parados aos SMC. / Abstract: The success of modern dental implant systems has been associated with the development of implant designs and surface characteristic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two new implant surfaces (laser-modified - LSM and biomimetic-hydroxyapatite coating - HA) comparing them with two other commercial implants (machined surface -MS and modified by sandblasted and acid etched - MCS). A total of 96 implants (3,75 x 10mm), 24 of each surface, were placed in rabbit tibia being evaluated after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. After the healing periods, the animals were sacrificed, the implants sites were exposed, and the needed force to unscrew the implants was measured using an analogical torque gauge. At 4 and 8 weeks, the HA implants removal torque was statistically greater (p<0,05) in comparison with the others, being the same observed to LSM when compared with MS. After 12 weeks, the HA and LSM implants were statistically greater just when compared with MS. The results of this study suggest that the HA implants were superior to the other at the initial periods, having a satisfactory stability with 4 weeks post-implantation. The LSM implants were superior to MS at all periods evaluated, but having no difference when compared with MCS. / Orientador: Elcio Marcantonio Junior / Coorientador: Antonio Carlos Guastaldi / Banca: Idelmo Rangel Garcia Junior / Banca: Maria Lucia Rubo de Rezende / Mestre
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Implantes porosos de titânio puro grau 2 : osseointegração em tíbias de coelho /

Vasconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis de. January 2005 (has links)
Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar e comparar a reparação óssea ao redor de implantes cilíndricos densos e porosos, ambos de titânio puro grau 2, confeccionados via metalurgia do pó, por meio de análise histológica, histomorfométrica e teste mecânico de cisalhamento. Previamente à cirurgia, todos os implantes foram caracterizados por meio de análise metalográfica e os implantes densos foram submetidos também a um rugosímetro. Em seguida, os implantes foram inseridos em tíbias de coelhos. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a técnica de metalurgia do pó é eficiente para produzir implantes densos e porosos, e que os porosos apresentam maior contato na área de interface osso-implante e maior adesão ao osso, melhorando a osseointegração deste implante ao tecido ósseo. / Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the bone repair around dense and porous cylindrical implants, both made of commercially pure titanium by means of powder metallurgy. Histological analysis, histomorphometric analysis, and mechanical test were carried. Prior to the surgery, all implants were characterized by means of metallographic analysis. The dense implants were also submitted to perfilometer equipment. Following the implants were placed in the rabbit tibiae. Thus, these findings suggest that the powder metallurgy technique is efficient to produce dense and porous implants, and that the porous implants exhibit greater contact in the implant-bone interface and greater adhesion to the bone, therefore improving the osseointegration of this implant to the bone. / Orientador: Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho / Coorientador: Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo / Banca: Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho / Banca: Marize Varella de Oliveira / Banca: Mario Lima de Alencastro Graça / Banca: Paulo Villela Santos Júnior / Banca: Rosilene Fernandes da Rocha / Doutor

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