Darbo objektas – biodegalų gamybos perspektyvos Lietuvoje. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti biodegalų gamybos perspektyvas Lietuvoje, remiantis rapsų aliejaus ir biodegalų pasiūlos ir paklausos tendencijomis ES bei Lietuvos rinkoje atliktu tyrimu. Darbo uždaviniai: • Apžvelgti darnaus vystymosi koncpeciją bei Lietuvos darnaus vystymosi strategiją, siekiant išsiaiškinti jos įtaką biodegalų paklausai ir gamybos plėtrai Lietuvoje; • Pateikti biokuro teisinį reglamentavimą Lietuvoje ir ES; • Išanalizuoti ES biodegalų rinką; • Atlikti tyrimą, siekiant išsiaiškinti Lietuvos gyventojų nuomonę apie biokuro naudojimą; • Remiantis atliktu tyrimu įvertinti biodegalų paklausą Lietuvoje bei įvertinti biodegalų gamybos perspektyvas Lietuvoje. Darbo struktūra: Siekdamas atsakyti į iškeltus uždavinius savo darbą suskirsčiau į tris dalis: 1. Darnaus vystymosi strategijos ir biokuro teisinio reglamentavimo apžvalga; 2. ES biodegalų rinkos analizė; 3. Tyrimo apie biokuro naudojimą Lietuvoje aprašymas ir rezultatų vertinimas. Pagrindiniai rezultatai: Išlaikius pastarųjų metų biodegalų sunaudojimo augimo tempus, nesunkiai bus įvykdytos ES Biokuro direktyvoje numatytos rekomendacinės vertės. Nuo 2008 metų Lietuvoje biodegalus gaminančių įmonių pajėgumų pilnai užteks artimiausių metų poreikiams patenkinti. Siekiant išnaudoti pilną biodegalų rinkos potencialą reikia užtikrinti aktualios informacijos skleidimą apie šios alternatyvios kuro rūšies ekologinę naudą, technines savybes, ekonomiškumą, žemą kainą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the paper – perspectives of biofuel production in Lithuania. Aim of the paper – evaluate the perspectives of biofuel production in Lithuania according to supply and demand tendencies of rapeseed oil and biofuel in the EU and also to a study carried out in Lithuania. Goals of the paper: • Overlook the concept of sustainable development and the sustainable development strategy of Lithuania in order to find out their influence to biofuel supply, demand and production expansion in Lithuania; • Overlook the jurisdictial reglamentaion of biofuels in Lithuania and the EU; • Analyze the EU biofuel market; • Make a study in order to find out the opinion of Lithuanian people regarding usage of biofuels; • According to the results of the study evaluate demand and production perspectives of biofuels in Lithuania. Structure of the paper: 1. Review of sustainable development strategy of Lithuania and jurisdictial reglamentation of biofuels; 2. Analysis of EU biofuels market; 3. Implementation of the study and evaluation of its results. Main results: if the biofuel consumption rate in Lithuania will remain the same as for the couple last years, we will easily reach the goals of EU Biofuel directive. Starting from the year 2008 companies making biofuels in Lithuania will have enough production capacity to fulfill the demand of biofuel. In order to use the biofuel market in Lithuania to its full potential the following actions must be implemented: spreading of information regarding... [to full text]

Research goal. We seek to validate optimal composition of straw biomass fuel and energy efficiency of straw utilization for energy needs, to assess straw biomass fuel preparation technology in respect to energy efficiency, and to determine emissions that are generated during straw combustion. Research objectives. The following objectives were planned to reach the goal of the research: 1) Process analysis of preparation of biomass fuel (pellets and briquettes) for burning, 2) Validation of mixture of lime additive (CaO) into straw biomass fuel, 3) Property analysis of prepared biomass fuel, 4) Measurement and assessment of emissions generated while burning straw biomass fuel, 5) Assessment of energy consumption by straw pellet production equipment. / Tyrimų tikslas. Pagrįsti šiaudų biokuro optimalios sudėties paruošimo ir panaudojimo energinėms reikmėms efektyvumą, atlikti šiaudų biokuro paruošimo technologijos energinį vertinimą ir nustatyti deginimo metu išskiriamas emisijas. Tyrimų uždaviniai. Tyrimų tikslui pasiekti numatyta: 1) Atlikti šiaudų biokuro (briketų ir granulių) paruošimo deginimui technologinę analizę; 2) Pagristi kalkių priedo (CaO) įmaišymo į šiaudų biokuro sudetį tikslingumą; 3) Ištirti pagaminto šiaudų biokuro savybes; 4) Nustatyti ir įvertinti šiaudų biokuro deginimo metu išskiriamas emisijas; 5) Įvertinti šiaudų granulių gamybos technologinės įrangos energijos sanaudas.

The theme of the Kornelijus Cebyla Master degree final project is „Research of the diesel engine performance parameters when operating on rape oil and petrol blends“. The research work consists of 71 pages, 6 tables, 46 pictures and 14 appendixes. There were used 24 references. The research was started in year 2003 and finisched in 2005 at Lithuanian University of Agriculture. The purpose of this project – to quality a develop of usage rape oil and petrol blends as a fuel in diesel engines, and the a connected with the problem is direct – injection diesel engine D – 243, to make conclusions and suggestions. Analysis of the to reduce viscosity rape oil and petrol blends shows that negligible quantity of petrol is use ful researchimprone atomisation of rape oil. 36 0C temperature B2,5 blends on the decrease viscosity 5,76 %, B10 blends the viscosity is 26,84 %, ≈ 36,10 % to reduction than rape oil. When engine is operating on B2,5 blends its power increases on 1,31 – 10,41 %. Mass metric fuel consumption, is functioning B2,5 blends, reduces 1,5 – 3,8 %, and on other the blendss its increases on 1 – 17 %. When engine operates on rape oil and petrol blendss CH emission increases on 10 – 25 ppm depending on to load. Load the increscent CO emission increases. The addition of petrol in to rape oil nitirc oxides NO and nitric dioxides NO2 concentration increases. When engine is operating B2,5 blends increases of smoke 5,97 – 27,31 %, and on other the blends reduction of smoke 3,9... [to full text]

The theme of the Mr. Paulius Garliauskas’s Master degree final project is “The Analysis of Engine Performance Parameters when Operating on Pure Rapeseed Oil and its Blends with Diesel”. The research work consists of 50 pages, 6 tables, 16 pictures and 3 appendixes. There were used 25 references. The research was started in 2003 and finished in 2005 year at Lithuanian University of Agriculture. The purpose of this project – to evaluate the influence of rapeseed oil and diesel fuel blends in comparison with diesel fuel on direct-injection diesel engine D-243, parameters like max power, fuel consumption and ecological parameters in order, to make conclusions and suggestions. Analysis of the research results show that using rapeseed oil and diesel blends max power reduce 1,9 -12,2 %, effective fuel consumption increase 3,3 – 12,1 % because of less calorific capacity of bio-fuels The hydrocarbon emission increase 200 ppm, when engine working at 25 % rapeseed oil and diesel blend, but it increase 100 – 150 ppm (when n = 2200 min-1) and engine working at 50 % and 75 % rapeseed oil blend, carbon monoxide reduce 200 – 300 ppm, smoke emissions – 2 – 12 % and emissions of NOx increase 400 ppm when engine working at 75 % rapeseed oil blend and reduce 100 ppm when engine working at 25 % rapeseed oil blend and it running at the rated speed of 2200 min-1. For more explicit and plausible conclusions long term running tests should be needed.

The theme of the Kornelijus Cebyla Master degree final project is „Research of the diesel engine performance parameters when operating on rape oil and petrol blends“. The research work consists of 71 pages, 6 tables, 46 pictures and 14 appendixes. There were used 24 references. The research was started in year 2003 and finisched in 2005 at Lithuanian University of Agriculture. The purpose of this project – to quality a develop of usage rape oil and petrol blends as a fuel in diesel engines, and the a connected with the problem is direct – injection diesel engine D – 243, to make conclusions and suggestions. Analysis of the to reduce viscosity rape oil and petrol blends shows that negligible quantity of petrol is use ful researchimprone atomisation of rape oil. 36 0C temperature B2,5 blends on the decrease viscosity 5,76 %, B10 blends the viscosity is 26,84 %, ≈ 36,10 % to reduction than rape oil. When engine is operating on B2,5 blends its power increases on 1,31 – 10,41 %. Mass metric fuel consumption, is functioning B2,5 blends, reduces 1,5 – 3,8 %, and on other the blendss its increases on 1 – 17 %. When engine operates on rape oil and petrol blendss CH emission increases on 10 – 25 ppm depending on to load. Load the increscent CO emission increases. The addition of petrol in to rape oil nitirc oxides NO and nitric dioxides NO2 concentration increases. When engine is operating B2,5 blends increases of smoke 5,97 – 27,31 %, and on other the blends reduction of smoke 3,9... [to full text]

For the first time it has been conducted an integrated research of possibilities to apply different kinds of fatty wastes for biodiesel fuel production. For this reason esterification process of oil an fat rich of free fatty acids by using acid catalysts and further transesterification of the obtained product until standard requirements for biodiesel fuel have been fulfilled. Intersolubility of different components of multi-component biofuel systems, and limits of stability were investigated. Emissions of the biodiesel fuel were analyzed and fuel biological decomposition in the environment was studied. Life cycle parameters of the suggested biodiesel fuel production process were determined.

Disertacijos tyrimų aktualumą lemia energijos panaudojimo efektyvumo didinimas bei aplinkos taršos mažinimas transporto sektoriuje. Darbe sprendžiami eksperimentiniai, matematinio modeliavimo ir metodologiniai uždaviniai, siekiant kompleksiškai ištirti dyzelinių variklių, dirbančių II kartos RRME, alkoholio ir dyzelino mišiniais, eksploatacinius darbo rodiklius. Disertacijoje analizuotas ir įvertintas degalų mišinių panaudojimo lengvųjų automobilių ir pagalbiniame laivo dyzeliniuose varikliuose efektas. Tiriamojo darbo problematika, tikslas, uždaviniai suformuoti išanalizavus transporto sektoriaus sandarą, svarbą oro taršos ir energijos sunaudojimo srityse bei ES strateginius planus. Laboratorijos bei eksploatacijos sąlygomis ištirti I, II kartos biodegalų ir dyzelino mišiniai. Tyrimams panaudotuose varikliuose išbandyti butanolio ir metanolio su rapso metil/butilesteriais bei dyzelino 2 ir 3 komponentų mišiniai. Išbandyti II kartos RRME mišiniai: Sėjamosios judros (lot. Camelina sativa) kartu su kiaulienos RRME ir mikro dumblių (lot. Clorella sp.). Atlikti dyzelino ir mišinių palyginamieji variklinių savybių tyrimai. Panaudojant mišinius, energijos panaudojimo efektyvumas didėja ~1–4 %; esant šiek tiek išaugusiai NOX koncentracijai, CO, CH koncentracijos sumažėjimas siekia iki 20 %, o deginių dūmingumas – 55–85 %. Įvertinti terminės ir mechaninės apkrovos kriterijai, indikuojantys variklio konstrukcinį patikimumą dirbant dyzelinu ir degalų mišiniais. Ištirta biodyzelinų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The relevance of dissertation research is determined increasing efficiency of energy use and reduction of environmental pollution in the transport sector. In order to accomplish the complex research of diesel engines (running on 2nd generation FAME, alcohol and diesel blends) performance indicators the experimental, simulation and methodological tasks are solved in dissertation. The analysis and evaluation of effect of fuel blends use in passenger car and vessel auxiliary diesel engines is presented in dissertation. The problem, aim, tasks of research work formulated after analysis of transport sector structure, the importance of air pollution and energy consumption and the EU's strategic plans. The blends of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels were investigated using laboratory equipment and in the exploitation conditions. 2 and 3 component blends of diesel, methanol, butanol, rape methyl/butyl esters were tested in diesel engines. Tested 2nd generation FAME blends: False flax (lat. Camelina sativa) with pork lards FAME and sea algae (lat. Clorella sp.). The comparable research of parameters while engine ran on diesel and blends was carried out. In the case of blends use the energy efficiency increases ~1–4%; at slightly increased NOX concentration the CO and CH concentrations decreased up to 20% and exhaust smoke, and smokiness decreased – 55–85%. The evaluation of thermal and mechanical load criteria which indicate 1.9 TDI 1Z engine reliability operating on diesel fuel and... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti įsitraukimo į biodegalų gamybą veiksnius ir įvertinti šalies įsitraukimą į biodegalų gamybą integralumo nacionalinėje ekonomikoje požiūriu. Darbo praktinė vertė. Biodegalų gamyba yra viena iš šiuolaikinės bioekonomikos sričių, kuria susidomi vis daugiau pasaulio šalių. Pastarasis dešimtmetis gali būti apibūdinamas kaip intensyvios biodegalų gamybos plėtros laikotarpis. Šalys, įsitraukdamos į biodegalų gamybą, siekia prisidėti prie darnios energetikos vystymosi. Darbe analizuojama, kaip šalies įsitraukimo į biodegalų gamybą veiksniai varijuoja priklausomai nuo šalies turtingumo naftos ištekliais. Nustatyta, kokie yra dominuojantys įsitraukimo į biodegalų gamybą veiksniai specifinėse šalių grupėse ir kokiu integralumu nacionalinėje ekonomikoje biodegalų gamyba pasižymi šiose šalyse. Tyrimas patvirtina, kad net ir paskatintas politinių iniciatyvų, biodegalų pramonės steigimasis šalyje paprastai grindžiamas išskirtinai didesniu apsirūpinimu biodegalų gamybos ištekliais arba didesne iškastinių energetinių išteklių stoka. Gautos tyrimo išvados gali pasitarnauti formuojant valstybės energetinės politikos gaires alternatyvios energetikos plėtotei. Mokslinio darbo naujumas. Šalies įsitraukimo į biodegalų gamybą vertinimo rezultatai papildo ekonomikos mokslo žinias apie egzistuojančius ryšius tarp ekonominių veiklų plėtojimo ir joms reikalingų gamybos išteklių šalyje gausos. Šių ryšių egzistavimas darbe atskleidžiamas analizuojant bioetanolio gamybą. Tyrimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research aim – to identify factors behind engagement in biofuel production and evaluate engagement by a country in terms of production integration in the national economy. Practical value of the research. The production of biofuels is one of the most modern areas of the bioeconomy, which involves more and more countries around the world. The last decade can be described as an intense period of the development of biofuel production. Engaging in the production of biofuels countries seek to contribute to the sustainable energy development. In this research the analysis of factors of country’s engagement in biofuel production, depending on the oil richness of the country, is performed. It was analysed which factors determine the engagement in biofuel production in different groups of countries and which parameters of biofuel production integration in national economy are satisfied in these counties. The study confirms that biofuel industry establishment in the country, even promoted by political initiatives, is usually based on purely larger self-sufficiency in production resources or higher scarcity of fossil energy resource. The resulting findings can serve in shaping the state's energy policy guidelines for the development of alternative energy sources. Originality of the research work. The obtained results supplement the scientific knowledge in economics about the existence of the relationships between development economic activities and the abundance of necessary production... [to full text]