Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-14T19:14:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - GRACE KELLY C. DA SILVA Final.pdf: 3244075 bytes, checksum: 27d5c4bb143cedbc4228d134925e8b5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T19:14:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO - GRACE KELLY C. DA SILVA Final.pdf: 3244075 bytes, checksum: 27d5c4bb143cedbc4228d134925e8b5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / O uso de produtos naturais na medicina popular como agente terapêutico é conhecido por praticamente todas as civilizações antigas. O gênero Senna Mill, é uma importante fonte de substâncias com grande diversidade estrutural, sendo atualmente utilizada como laxantes e purgativas. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterização química e atividades biológicas do extrato bruto metanólico das folhas de Senna alata L. Roxb e Senna siamea (Lam.). O perfil fitoquímico foi realizado em cromatografia de camada delgada, com diferentes fases móveis e reveladores. A extração do óleo essencial foi utilizada por hidrodestilação e analizado em cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectro de massa (CG/MS). A atividade larvicida do óleo essencial foi avaliada segundo o método recomendado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, adaptado. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de difusão em Agar, e identificação da concetração inibitória mínima. Os métodos de Mosman (1983) e Costa-Lotufo et al. (2002) foram utilizados para analisar a atividade hemolítica e citotóxica, respectivamente. O potencial de toxicidade aguda foi avaliado segundo a OECD 423. A metodologia de Rao et al., 1997, modificada, foi utilizado para análise da atividade laxante. A caracterização fitoquímica evidenciou os seguintes metabólitos: açucares redutores; flavonóides; antraquinonas, triterpenos, cumarinas, monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos, proantocianidinas e leucoantocianidina. Após análise em CG/MS, 03 (três) compostos foram identificados: ácido n-hexadecanóico, fitol e 9,12,15- ácido octadecatrienóico (Z,Z,Z). O óleo essencial da S. siamea não apresentou atividade larvicida. Não foi evidenciada atividade antimicrobiana do extrato bruto metanólico das folhas (EBMF) de S. siamea. Entretanto o EBMF de S. alata apresentou atividade moderada contra B. subitilis (AM04), e baixa atividade contra S. aureus (AM103) e S. aureus (AM1210). Ambos os extratos se mostraram inativos frente à atividade hemolítica e citotóxica. Na toxicidade aguda não houve óbito dos animais após administração da dose 2000mg/kg, com isso, ambos os extratos são considerados atóxicos ou baixa toxicidade. O Extrato metanólico bruto das folhas (EMBF) de S. siamea e S. alata, nas doses de 62,5mg/kg, 125mg/kg e 250mg/kg, não apresentaram atividade laxante. Estudos mais aprofundados dos extratos são necessários para garantir a segurança e eficácia terapêutica dos mesmos. / The use of natural products in folk medicine as a therapeutic agent is known by virtually all ancient civilizations. The genus Senna Mill, is an important source of substances with great structural diversity, being currently used as laxatives and purgatives. The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical and biological activities of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Senna alata L. Roxb and Senna siamea (Lam.). The phytochemical profile was performed in thin layer chromatography, with different mobile phases and developers. The extraction of the essential oil was used by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrum (CG / MS). The larvicidal activity of the essential oil was evaluated according to the method recommended by the World Health Organization, adapted. The antimicrobial activity was performed by the agar diffusion method, and identification of minimal inhibitory concentration. The methods of Mosman (1983) and Costa-Lotufo et al. (2002) were used to analyze the hemolytic and cytotoxic activity, respectively. The acute toxicity potential was evaluated according to OECD 423. The methodology of Rao et al., 1997, modified, was used to analyze the laxative activity. The phytochemical characterization showed the following metabolites: reducing sugars; Flavonoids; Anthraquinones, triterpenes, coumarins, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, proanthocyanidins and leucoanthocyanidin. After analysis in CG / MS, 03 (three) compounds were identified: n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z). The essential oil of S. siamea showed no larvicidal activity. There was no evidence of antimicrobial activity of the crude methanolic leaf extract (EBMF) of S. siamea. However, S. alata EBMF showed moderate activity against B. subitilis (AM04), and low activity against S. aureus (AM103) and S. aureus (AM1210). Both extracts were inactive against hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. In acute toxicity, the animals did not die after administration of the 2000mg / kg dose, with both extracts being considered nontoxic or low toxicity. The crude methanolic extract of the leaves (EMBF) of S. siamea and S. alata, at doses of 62.5mg / kg, 125mg / kg and 250mg / kg, presented no laxative activity. Further studies of extracts are necessary to ensure the therapeutic safety and efficacy of the extracts.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeboraAN.pdf: 367004 bytes, checksum: a62b214f06755ba9b9d2aedbea46c4f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-24 / This study aimed builds reference values for copper and zinc, of healthy adults in Natal-RN, and to identify the influence of the gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and diet, on those values. They were assessed 123 healthy students of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), both genders, with age between 19 and 41 years. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of UFRN. BMI was determined and the food consume was accomplished through a 24h recordatory. Dietary was evaluated as the energy, macronutrients, copper and zinc, according to the recommendations of National Academy of Sciences (2001; 2002). Analyses of the copper and zinc concentrations in the plasma and erythrocytes were accomplished by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The casuistic came quite homogeneous as for the distribution for gender and age, being the largest number of individuals between the 19 and 24 years old. Most of the volunteers presented anthropometric nutritional state inside of the normality patterns. Chronic diseases family antecedents and sedentarysm were observed. Diet was characterized with low consumption of zinc, appropriate of copper and of lipids. Average concentrations of plasma copper (p=0,002), erythrocyte copper (μg/dL, p=0,036; μg/gHb, p=0,038), and plasma zinc (p=0,022) were different among the genders, what was demonstrated by the largest values of copper in the female gender and larger of zinc in the masculine. Plasma copper values still suffered interference of the variables: energy, carbohydrate and copper consumption, all classified in agreement with the median, besides the protein classified according to the percentage contribution for the dietary total energy. The study allowed to establish reference values for erythrocyte zinc (1.261,6-1.344,0 μg/dL e 51,0-54,3 μg/gHb) and to suggest "indicative" of reference values for plasma (108,4 130,2 μg/dL) and erythrocyte (female = 85,0 91,4 μg/dL; masculine = 80,2 86,5 μg/dL) copper and plasma zinc (female = 98,8 105,8 μg/dL; masculine = 104,6 111,6 μg/dL) / O estudo teve como objetivo construir valores de refer?ncia para cobre e zinco, de adultos saud?veis na cidade do Natal-RN, e identificar a influ?ncia do g?nero, idade, ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC) e dieta, sobre esses valores. Foram avaliados 123 estudantes saud?veis da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), de ambos os g?neros, com idade entre 19 e 41 anos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da UFRN. Foi estimado o indice de massa corporal e realizado um recordat?rio alimentar de 24h. A dieta foi avaliada quanto a energia, macronutrientes, cobre e zinco, segundo as recomenda??es da National Academy of Sciences (2001; 2002). As concentra??es de cobre e zinco no plasma e no eritr?cito foram realizadas por espectrofotometria de absor??o at?mica de chama. A casu?stica apresentou-se bastante homog?nea quanto ? distribui??o por g?nero e idade, estando o maior n?mero de indiv?duos entre os 19 e 24 anos. A maioria dos volunt?rios apresentou estado nutricional antropom?trico dentro dos padr?es de normalidade. Antecedentes familiares de doen?as cr?nicas e sedentarismo foram observados. A dieta caracterizou-se com baixo consumo de zinco, adequado de cobre e de lip?deos. As concentra??es m?dias de cobre no plasma (p=0,002), cobre no eritr?cito (μg/dL, p=0,036; μg/gHb, p=0,038), e zinco no plasma (p=0,022), foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os g?neros, o que foi demonstrado pelos maiores valores de cobre do g?nero feminino e maiores de zinco no masculino. Os valores de cobre no plasma sofreram ainda interfer?ncia das vari?veis: ingest?o de calorias, carboidrato e cobre na dieta, todos categorizados de acordo com a mediana, al?m da prote?na categorizada segundo o percentual de contribui??o para o valor cal?rico total (VCT) da dieta. O estudo permitiu estabelecer valores de refer?ncia para zinco no eritr?cito, correspondentes a 1.261,6-1.344,0 μg/dL e 51,0-54,3 μg/gHb, e sugerir indicativos de valores de refer?ncia para cobre no plasma (108,4 130,2 μg/dL), no eritr?cito (feminino = 85,0 91,4 μg/dL; masculino = 80,2 86,5 μg/dL) e zinco no plasma (feminino 98,8 105,8 = μg/dL; masculino 104,6 111,6 = μg/dL)

No / Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix is a major factor for tumor development and expansion. This study analysed MMP-10 protein expression and activity in human lung tumors of various grade, stage, and type to address the relationship between MMP-10 and tumor characteristics and to evaluate MMP-10 as a therapeutic target in non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Unlike the majority of MMPs, MMP-10 was located in the tumor mass as opposed to tumor stroma. MMP-10 protein was observed at low levels in normal human lung tissues and at significantly higher levels in all types of NSCLC. No correlation was observed between MMP-10 protein expression and tumor type, stage, or lymph node invasion. To discriminate between active and inactive forms of MMP-10 in samples of human NSCLC, we have developed an ex vivo fluorescent assay. Measurable MMP-10 activity was detected in 42 of 50 specimens of lung cancer and only 2 of 10 specimens of histologically normal lung tissue. No relationship was observed between MMP-10 activity levels and clinicopathologic characteristics. Our results suggest that MMP-10 is expressed and active at high levels in human NSCLC compared to normal lung tissues, and, as such, is a potential target for the development of novel therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.

Introdução: O câncer de mama é, em sua essência, uma doença genética. O acúmulo de alterações moleculares no genoma das células somáticas é a base para a progressão do câncer. Além de ter biologia natural mais favorável, os tumores com alta expressão de receptores de estrogênio têm terapia-alvo bem estabelecida. Apesar disso, as pacientes podem apresentar resistência medicamentosa, recidiva e óbito. Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são uma classe de pequenas moléculas não codificadoras de proteínas que regulam a expressão gênica durante a etapa de tradução. Esta regulação é feita pelo pareamento de bases com o mRNA-alvo (RNA mensageiro), resultando na supressão da tradução ou na clivagem do mRNA. Se os miRNAs têm como alvo genes supressores de tumor ou oncogenes, podem atuar como supressores tumorais ou oncogenes. OBJETIVO: avaliar a expressão de microRNAs, por PCR em tempo real, no carcinoma mamário ductal invasivo (CDI) com receptores hormonais positivos e HER-2 negativo (luminal A). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados materiais em parafina de 33 pacientes com tumores luminal A, bem como tecido mamário histologicamente normal. Foram utilizados kit para extração de RNA de amostras fixadas e parafinadas - miRNeasy FFPE; kit para síntese de cDNA - miScript II RT; kit miScript SYBR Green PCR e miScript miRNA PCR Arrays para análise de 84 sequências de miRNA de câncer humano. Analisaram-se dados clínicos, como idade, paridade, amamentação, estado menopausal; variáveis histológicas, como tamanho do tumor, estado linfonodal, invasão linfática; características imunoistoquímicas, como expressão de Ki-67. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o software miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis, que emprega o método de quantificação relativa ??Ct. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa dos 33 casos de CDI luminal A com os 15 casos de parênquima mamário normal revelou haver microRNAs hiperexpressos, sendo eles: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation = 9,245, p = 0,000192), miR-182-5p (fold-regulation = 6,4813, p = 0,00024), miR-21-5p (fold-regulation = 6,3129, p = 0,000001), miR- 210-3p (fold-regulation =4,3584, p =0,001002) e. miR-7-5p (fold-regulation = 4,0166, p = 0,036407). Apontou, ainda, microRNAs com hipoexpressão, a saber: miR-204-5p (Fold-regulation = -8,2104, p = 0,000000), miR-125b-5p (Fold-regulation = --6,332, p=0,000000), let-7c-5p (Fold-regulation: -4,5142, p=0,000000) e let-7e-5p (Fold-regulation = -4,059, p = 0,011625): CONCLUSÕES: CDI luminal A apresentou hiperexpressão de miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-210-3p e miR-7-5p. Apontou, ainda, hipoexpressão do miR-204-5p, miR-125b-5p, let-7c-5p e let-7e-5p, permitindo diferenciá-lo do tecido normal / INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a genetic disease and the accumulation of molecular alterations in the genome of somatic cells is the basis for cancer progression. Besides having a more favorable natural biology, tumors with high expression of estrogen receptor have a well established targeted therapy. Nevertheless, patients may present with resistance and eventually relapse and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding protein molecules that regulate gene expression during the translation stage. This adjustment is made by base pairing with the mRNA (messenger RNA) target resulting in suppression of translation or cleavage of the mRNA. Depending on whether miRNAs target tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the expression of microRNAs by RT-PCR in positive hormonal receptors, negative HER 2 (luminal A) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor material from 33 patients with luminal A IDC, and histologically normal breast tissue. Were used: Kit for RNA extraction from fixed and paraffin embedded samples - miRNeasy FFPE; cDNA synthesis kit - miScript II RT; miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit and miScript miRNA PCR Arrays for analysis of 84 miRNA sequences of human cancer. Clinical data such as age, parity, breastfeeding, menopausal status; histological variables such as tumor size, lymph node status, lymphatic invasion; immunohistochemical characteristics, such as expression of Ki-67, were evaluated. For statistical analysis the miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis software, which uses the method of relative quantification ??Ct, was used. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of 33 cases of luminal A IDC with 15 cases of normal breast parenchyma defined microRNAs overexpressed, as follows: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation = 9,245, p = 0,000192), miR-182-5p (fold-regulation = 6,4813, p = 0,00024), miR-21-5p (fold-regulation = 6,3129, p = 0,000001), miR- 210-3p (fold-regulation =4,3584, p =0,001002) and miR-7-5p (fold-regulation = 4,0166, p = 0,036407). Furthermore, microRNAs with reduced expression, as follows:. miR-204-5p (Fold-regulation = -8,2104, p = 0,000000), miR-125b-5p (Fold-regulation = -6,332, p=0,000000), let-7c-5p (Fold-regulation: -4,5142, p=0,000000) and let-7e-5p (Fold-regulation = -4,059, p = 0,011625): CONCLUSION: Luminal A CDI breast cancer has shown overexpression of miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-7-5p. Also has shown,downregulation of miR-204-5p, miR-125b-5p, let-7c-5p e let-7e-5p, allowing differentiating it from normal tissue

Introdução: O câncer de mama é, em sua essência, uma doença genética. O acúmulo de alterações moleculares no genoma das células somáticas é a base para a progressão do câncer. Além de ter biologia natural mais favorável, os tumores com alta expressão de receptores de estrogênio têm terapia-alvo bem estabelecida. Apesar disso, as pacientes podem apresentar resistência medicamentosa, recidiva e óbito. Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são uma classe de pequenas moléculas não codificadoras de proteínas que regulam a expressão gênica durante a etapa de tradução. Esta regulação é feita pelo pareamento de bases com o mRNA-alvo (RNA mensageiro), resultando na supressão da tradução ou na clivagem do mRNA. Se os miRNAs têm como alvo genes supressores de tumor ou oncogenes, podem atuar como supressores tumorais ou oncogenes. OBJETIVO: avaliar a expressão de microRNAs, por PCR em tempo real, no carcinoma mamário ductal invasivo (CDI) com receptores hormonais positivos e HER-2 negativo (luminal A). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados materiais em parafina de 33 pacientes com tumores luminal A, bem como tecido mamário histologicamente normal. Foram utilizados kit para extração de RNA de amostras fixadas e parafinadas - miRNeasy FFPE; kit para síntese de cDNA - miScript II RT; kit miScript SYBR Green PCR e miScript miRNA PCR Arrays para análise de 84 sequências de miRNA de câncer humano. Analisaram-se dados clínicos, como idade, paridade, amamentação, estado menopausal; variáveis histológicas, como tamanho do tumor, estado linfonodal, invasão linfática; características imunoistoquímicas, como expressão de Ki-67. Para a análise estatística utilizou-se o software miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis, que emprega o método de quantificação relativa ??Ct. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa dos 33 casos de CDI luminal A com os 15 casos de parênquima mamário normal revelou haver microRNAs hiperexpressos, sendo eles: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation = 9,245, p = 0,000192), miR-182-5p (fold-regulation = 6,4813, p = 0,00024), miR-21-5p (fold-regulation = 6,3129, p = 0,000001), miR- 210-3p (fold-regulation =4,3584, p =0,001002) e. miR-7-5p (fold-regulation = 4,0166, p = 0,036407). Apontou, ainda, microRNAs com hipoexpressão, a saber: miR-204-5p (Fold-regulation = -8,2104, p = 0,000000), miR-125b-5p (Fold-regulation = --6,332, p=0,000000), let-7c-5p (Fold-regulation: -4,5142, p=0,000000) e let-7e-5p (Fold-regulation = -4,059, p = 0,011625): CONCLUSÕES: CDI luminal A apresentou hiperexpressão de miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-210-3p e miR-7-5p. Apontou, ainda, hipoexpressão do miR-204-5p, miR-125b-5p, let-7c-5p e let-7e-5p, permitindo diferenciá-lo do tecido normal / INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a genetic disease and the accumulation of molecular alterations in the genome of somatic cells is the basis for cancer progression. Besides having a more favorable natural biology, tumors with high expression of estrogen receptor have a well established targeted therapy. Nevertheless, patients may present with resistance and eventually relapse and death. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding protein molecules that regulate gene expression during the translation stage. This adjustment is made by base pairing with the mRNA (messenger RNA) target resulting in suppression of translation or cleavage of the mRNA. Depending on whether miRNAs target tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the expression of microRNAs by RT-PCR in positive hormonal receptors, negative HER 2 (luminal A) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor material from 33 patients with luminal A IDC, and histologically normal breast tissue. Were used: Kit for RNA extraction from fixed and paraffin embedded samples - miRNeasy FFPE; cDNA synthesis kit - miScript II RT; miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit and miScript miRNA PCR Arrays for analysis of 84 miRNA sequences of human cancer. Clinical data such as age, parity, breastfeeding, menopausal status; histological variables such as tumor size, lymph node status, lymphatic invasion; immunohistochemical characteristics, such as expression of Ki-67, were evaluated. For statistical analysis the miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis software, which uses the method of relative quantification ??Ct, was used. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of 33 cases of luminal A IDC with 15 cases of normal breast parenchyma defined microRNAs overexpressed, as follows: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation = 9,245, p = 0,000192), miR-182-5p (fold-regulation = 6,4813, p = 0,00024), miR-21-5p (fold-regulation = 6,3129, p = 0,000001), miR- 210-3p (fold-regulation =4,3584, p =0,001002) and miR-7-5p (fold-regulation = 4,0166, p = 0,036407). Furthermore, microRNAs with reduced expression, as follows:. miR-204-5p (Fold-regulation = -8,2104, p = 0,000000), miR-125b-5p (Fold-regulation = -6,332, p=0,000000), let-7c-5p (Fold-regulation: -4,5142, p=0,000000) and let-7e-5p (Fold-regulation = -4,059, p = 0,011625): CONCLUSION: Luminal A CDI breast cancer has shown overexpression of miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-7-5p. Also has shown,downregulation of miR-204-5p, miR-125b-5p, let-7c-5p e let-7e-5p, allowing differentiating it from normal tissue

Democratic and accountable policing is one of the hallmarks of democracy. In a healthy democracy, a police service exists to protect and support the rights of its community by successfully listening to those who are laying complaints and resolving to assist them by bringing the perpetrators to the grinding wheels of justice. Encouraging and ensuring that police officials utilise the most modern means of investigation such as the DNA technology, provides the necessary balance to the exercise of professional discretion and heightened conviction rate by the police officials. The utilisation of biological evidence in investigation of rape cases is such a modern intervention – a way of providing insulation against internal and external interference with the proper and successful investigation of rape cases. / Forensic Investigation / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Democratic and accountable policing is one of the hallmarks of democracy. In a healthy democracy, a police service exists to protect and support the rights of its community by successfully listening to those who are laying complaints and resolving to assist them by bringing the perpetrators to the grinding wheels of justice. Encouraging and ensuring that police officials utilise the most modern means of investigation such as the DNA technology, provides the necessary balance to the exercise of professional discretion and heightened conviction rate by the police officials. The utilisation of biological evidence in investigation of rape cases is such a modern intervention – a way of providing insulation against internal and external interference with the proper and successful investigation of rape cases. / Forensic Investigation / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

INTRODUÇÃO: Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são uma classe de pequenas moléculas não codificadoras de proteínas que regulam a expressão gênica durante a etapa de tradução. Esta regulação é feita pelo pareamento de bases com o mRNA-alvo (RNA mensageiro), resultando na supressão da tradução ou na clivagem do mRNA. A depender se os miRNAs têm como alvo genes supressores de tumor ou oncogenes, eles podem atuar como supressores tumorais ou oncogenes. A imunoistoquímica triplo negativa, no câncer de mama, é, comumente, utilizada como substituto clínico para identificação dos tumores basaloides, que se caracterizam pela expressão de genes epiteliais basais, sendo associados a menores taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. O câncer de mama triplo negativo faz com que seja necessária a descoberta de marcadores moleculares que possam servir de alvos terapêuticos ou, pelo menos, que sirvam como marcadores preditivos da resposta aos quimioterápicos. OBJETIVO: avaliar a expressão de microRNAs, por PCR em tempo real, no carcinoma mamário ductal invasivo (CDI) triplo negativo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados materiais em parafina de tumor de 31 pacientes com as seguintes características: carcinoma invasivo de mama, receptores de estrogênio e de progesterona negativos e HER 2 negativo, bem como tecido mamário histologicamente normal. Foram utilizados kit para extração de RNA de amostras fixadas e parafinadas - miRNeasy FFPE; kit para síntese de cDNA - miScript II RT; kit miScript SYBR Green PCR e miScript miRNA PCR Arrays para análise de 84 sequências de miRNA de câncer humano. Foram avaliados dados clínicos, como idade, paridade, amamentação, status menopausal; variáveis histológicas, como tamanho do tumor, status linfonodal, invasão linfática; características imunoistoquímicas, como expressão de Ki-67, EFGR e CK 5/6. O seguimento das pacientes buscou verificar a ocorrência e o tempo de aparecimento de recidiva loco regional, metástase à distância e óbito. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis, que utiliza o método de quantificação relativa DeltaCt. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa dos 31 casos de CDI triplo negativo com os 18 casos de parênquima mamário normal definiu microRNAs hiperexpressos, sendo eles: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation(FR) = 9,68, p = 0,000008), miR-21-5p (FR = 4,47, p = 0,00), miR-7-5p (FR = 5,8, p = 0,00137) , miR-182-5p (FR= 7,92, p = 0,000001), miR-210-3p (FR = 11,83, p = 0,000048), miR-18a-5p (FR = 9,51, p = 0,000034), miR-155-5p (FR= 4,40 , p = 0,00019) e miR-93-5p (FR= 4,15, p = 0,000023). Aponta, ainda, microRNAs com hipoexpressão, a saber: miR-204-5p (FR = -10,26, p = 0), miR-205-5p (FR= -4,07, p = 0,019822), miR-125b-5p (FR= -4,29, p=0) e let 7c-5p (FR= -4,91, p=0). CONCLUSÃO: a expressão de microRNAs no carcinoma ductal invasivo triplo negativo permite diferenciá-lo do tecido normal / INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding protein molecules that regulate gene expression during the translation stage. This adjustment is made by base pairing with the mRNA (messenger RNA) target resulting in suppression of translation or cleavage of the mRNA. Depending on whether miRNAs target tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. The triple negative immunohistochemistry in breast cancer is commonly used as a substitute for clinical identification of basaloid tumors, which are characterized by the expression of basal epithelial genes and are associated with lower rates of disease-free survival and overall survival. The triple negative breast cancer makes necessary the discovery of molecular markers that may serve as therapeutic targets or at least as predictive markers of response to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the expression of microRNAs by RT-PCR in triple negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor material from 31 patients with the following characteristics were evaluated: invasive breast carcinoma, negative estrogen and progesterone receptor, negative HER 2, and histologically normal breast tissue. Were used: Kit for RNA extraction from fixed and paraffin embedded samples - miRNeasy FFPE; cDNA synthesis kit - miScript II RT; miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit and miScript miRNA PCR Arrays for analysis of 84 miRNA sequences of human cancer. Clinical data such as age, parity, breastfeeding, menopausal status; histological variables such as tumor size, lymph node status, lymphatic invasion; immunohistochemical characteristics, such as expression of Ki-67, EFGR and CK 5/6 were evaluated. The follow-up of patients aimed to verify the occurrence and time of appearance of loco regional recurrence, distant metastasis and death. For statistical analysis the miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis software, which uses the method of relative quantification DeltaCt, was used. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of 31 cases of triple negative IDC with 18 cases of normal breast parenchyma defined microRNAs overexpressed, as follows: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation (FR) = 9.68, p = 0.000008), miR -21-5p (FR = 4.47, p = 0.00), 5p, miR-7 (FR = 5.8, p = 0.00137), miR-182-5p (FR = 7.92, p = 0.000001), miR-210-3p (FR = 11.83, p = 0.000048), miR-18a-5p (FR = 9.51, p = 0.000034), miR-155-5p (FR = 4.40, p = 0.00019) and miR-93-5p (FR = 4.15, p = 0.000023). Furthermore, microRNAs with reduced expression, as follows: miR-204-5p (FR = -10.26, p = 0), miR-205-5p (FR = -4.07, p = 0.019822), miR -125b-5p (FR = -4.29, p = 0) and Let-7c 5p (FR = -4.91, p = 0). CONCLUSION: the expression of microRNAs in triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma allows to differentiate it from normal tissue

INTRODUÇÃO: Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são uma classe de pequenas moléculas não codificadoras de proteínas que regulam a expressão gênica durante a etapa de tradução. Esta regulação é feita pelo pareamento de bases com o mRNA-alvo (RNA mensageiro), resultando na supressão da tradução ou na clivagem do mRNA. A depender se os miRNAs têm como alvo genes supressores de tumor ou oncogenes, eles podem atuar como supressores tumorais ou oncogenes. A imunoistoquímica triplo negativa, no câncer de mama, é, comumente, utilizada como substituto clínico para identificação dos tumores basaloides, que se caracterizam pela expressão de genes epiteliais basais, sendo associados a menores taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. O câncer de mama triplo negativo faz com que seja necessária a descoberta de marcadores moleculares que possam servir de alvos terapêuticos ou, pelo menos, que sirvam como marcadores preditivos da resposta aos quimioterápicos. OBJETIVO: avaliar a expressão de microRNAs, por PCR em tempo real, no carcinoma mamário ductal invasivo (CDI) triplo negativo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados materiais em parafina de tumor de 31 pacientes com as seguintes características: carcinoma invasivo de mama, receptores de estrogênio e de progesterona negativos e HER 2 negativo, bem como tecido mamário histologicamente normal. Foram utilizados kit para extração de RNA de amostras fixadas e parafinadas - miRNeasy FFPE; kit para síntese de cDNA - miScript II RT; kit miScript SYBR Green PCR e miScript miRNA PCR Arrays para análise de 84 sequências de miRNA de câncer humano. Foram avaliados dados clínicos, como idade, paridade, amamentação, status menopausal; variáveis histológicas, como tamanho do tumor, status linfonodal, invasão linfática; características imunoistoquímicas, como expressão de Ki-67, EFGR e CK 5/6. O seguimento das pacientes buscou verificar a ocorrência e o tempo de aparecimento de recidiva loco regional, metástase à distância e óbito. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis, que utiliza o método de quantificação relativa DeltaCt. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa dos 31 casos de CDI triplo negativo com os 18 casos de parênquima mamário normal definiu microRNAs hiperexpressos, sendo eles: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation(FR) = 9,68, p = 0,000008), miR-21-5p (FR = 4,47, p = 0,00), miR-7-5p (FR = 5,8, p = 0,00137) , miR-182-5p (FR= 7,92, p = 0,000001), miR-210-3p (FR = 11,83, p = 0,000048), miR-18a-5p (FR = 9,51, p = 0,000034), miR-155-5p (FR= 4,40 , p = 0,00019) e miR-93-5p (FR= 4,15, p = 0,000023). Aponta, ainda, microRNAs com hipoexpressão, a saber: miR-204-5p (FR = -10,26, p = 0), miR-205-5p (FR= -4,07, p = 0,019822), miR-125b-5p (FR= -4,29, p=0) e let 7c-5p (FR= -4,91, p=0). CONCLUSÃO: a expressão de microRNAs no carcinoma ductal invasivo triplo negativo permite diferenciá-lo do tecido normal / INTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding protein molecules that regulate gene expression during the translation stage. This adjustment is made by base pairing with the mRNA (messenger RNA) target resulting in suppression of translation or cleavage of the mRNA. Depending on whether miRNAs target tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. The triple negative immunohistochemistry in breast cancer is commonly used as a substitute for clinical identification of basaloid tumors, which are characterized by the expression of basal epithelial genes and are associated with lower rates of disease-free survival and overall survival. The triple negative breast cancer makes necessary the discovery of molecular markers that may serve as therapeutic targets or at least as predictive markers of response to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the expression of microRNAs by RT-PCR in triple negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor material from 31 patients with the following characteristics were evaluated: invasive breast carcinoma, negative estrogen and progesterone receptor, negative HER 2, and histologically normal breast tissue. Were used: Kit for RNA extraction from fixed and paraffin embedded samples - miRNeasy FFPE; cDNA synthesis kit - miScript II RT; miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit and miScript miRNA PCR Arrays for analysis of 84 miRNA sequences of human cancer. Clinical data such as age, parity, breastfeeding, menopausal status; histological variables such as tumor size, lymph node status, lymphatic invasion; immunohistochemical characteristics, such as expression of Ki-67, EFGR and CK 5/6 were evaluated. The follow-up of patients aimed to verify the occurrence and time of appearance of loco regional recurrence, distant metastasis and death. For statistical analysis the miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis software, which uses the method of relative quantification DeltaCt, was used. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of 31 cases of triple negative IDC with 18 cases of normal breast parenchyma defined microRNAs overexpressed, as follows: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation (FR) = 9.68, p = 0.000008), miR -21-5p (FR = 4.47, p = 0.00), 5p, miR-7 (FR = 5.8, p = 0.00137), miR-182-5p (FR = 7.92, p = 0.000001), miR-210-3p (FR = 11.83, p = 0.000048), miR-18a-5p (FR = 9.51, p = 0.000034), miR-155-5p (FR = 4.40, p = 0.00019) and miR-93-5p (FR = 4.15, p = 0.000023). Furthermore, microRNAs with reduced expression, as follows: miR-204-5p (FR = -10.26, p = 0), miR-205-5p (FR = -4.07, p = 0.019822), miR -125b-5p (FR = -4.29, p = 0) and Let-7c 5p (FR = -4.91, p = 0). CONCLUSION: the expression of microRNAs in triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma allows to differentiate it from normal tissue