by Luk tze Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-111). / Text in English; abstract also in Chinese. / by Luk tze Chung. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Work station design --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Method of study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Purpose of study --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Variables definition --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- Hypotheses --- p.6 / Chapter 1.7 --- Significance of study --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature Review / Chapter 2.1 --- Biomechanical study on ergonomics problems --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Ergonomics --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Biomechanics --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Force and torque --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3.1 --- Lever systems --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3.2 --- Torque and moment --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Biomechanics of the back --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Shoulder biomechanics --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Manual lifting --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Manual handling and musculoskeletal problems --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Strategies for reducing manual handling injuries --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Method of analysis in ergonomics problems --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Electromyography --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Neurophysiology --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Electromyography in biomechanics --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Motion analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Direct measurement techniques --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Indirect measurement using imaging techniques --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.18 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Method / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Position of EMG electrodes --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Electromyography (EMG) --- p.23 / Chapter 3.4 --- Normalization of EMG --- p.24 / Chapter 3.5 --- Force platform --- p.31 / Chapter 3.6 --- Motion analysis system --- p.33 / Chapter 3.7 --- Calibration of instrument --- p.39 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- EMG --- p.39 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Force platform --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Motion analysis system --- p.40 / Chapter 3.7.3.1 --- Calibration of displacement and velocity --- p.40 / Chapter 2.7.3.2 --- Calibration of acceleration --- p.40 / Chapter 3.8 --- Work station design --- p.41 / Chapter 3.9 --- Procedure --- p.42 / Chapter 3.10 --- Data analysis --- p.46 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Results / Chapter 4.1 --- EMG data analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- MVC testing results --- p.47 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Results of ANOVA test --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Class level information --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- ANOVA results --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Post Hoc test --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Motion analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Parameters in motion analysis --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Results of ANOVA test --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Post Hoc test --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3 --- Force platform data analysis --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Parameters in force platform data analysis --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Result of ANOVA test --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Post Hoc test --- p.85 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results of correlation --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Discussion and Conclusions / Chapter 5.1 --- EMG signal --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- MVC test --- p.90 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Results of ANOVA in EMG signal --- p.91 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Cervical erector spinae --- p.91 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Trapezius pars descendens --- p.92 / Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- Infraspinatus --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1.2.4 --- Lumbar erector spinae --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2 --- Motion analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Posture --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Absolute thigh angle --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Absolute arm angle --- p.96 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Absolute chest and abdomen angle --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- Absolute neck angle --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Force produced by spinae muscle --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3 --- Ground reaction force analysis --- p.99 / Chapter 5.4 --- Correlation analysis --- p.99 / Chapter 5.5 --- Differences between workers and students --- p.100 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Muscle activity --- p.100 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Posture . --- p.100 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusions --- p.101 / Chapter 5.7 --- Recommendations --- p.102 / References --- p.105 / Appendix --- p.112

Orientador: Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira / Coorientador: Marcelo Coelho Goiato / Banca: Aimée Maria Guiotti / Banca: Ricardo Shibayama / Resumo: Os pacientes com maxila atrófica ainda representam um problema complexo para os cirurgiões dentistas, tornando sua reabilitação um grande desafio, devido à baixa quantidade e qualidade óssea, e também de áreas anatômicas a serem preservadas como a fossa nasal e o seio maxilar que pode apresentar-se pneumatizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição de tensões qualitativa e quantitativamente, por meio da análise fotoelástica (AF) e extensométrica (AE), de três diferentes protocolos alternativos ao procedimento de enxertia óssea para a reabilitação implantossuportada de maxila atrófica: implante convencional (S- standard - 3,75x11,5mm) associado a implante curto (C) (5x7mm), implante convencional (S) associado a implante inclinado em 30º e dois implantes convencionais instalados no eixo axial utilizando prótese com extensão em cantilever. A partir de um protótipo da maxila edêntula com atrofia na região posterior, confeccionada por meio de um modelo digital 3D, os corpos de prova foram divididos em 04 grupos de 01 espécime cada para AF e quatro grupos de 05 espécimes para a AE. Foram confeccionados 24 modelos, destes 4 foram de resina fotoelástica (PL-2) e 20 de poliuretano (F160). Foram utilizados implantes do tipo cone morse e confeccionadas próteses fixas implantossuportadas múltiplas (14-16) parafusadas. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com protocolo de reabilitação proposto em: ISA - dois implantes (S) paralelos ao eixo axial, sendo um instalado na região... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Patients with atrophic maxillary still represent a challenge to rehabilitate for dentists in general due to limitations on bone quantity and quality and the anatomical setting of the sites to be preserved, such as nasal cavity and maxillary sinus, that could be pneumatized. The aim of this study was to assess qualitative and quantitative the stress distribution, through photoelastic analysis (PA) and strain gauge (SG), of three alternative techniques to bone augmentation procedures for implant placement: standard implant (S-standard -3,75x11,5mm) associated to short implant (C) (5x7mm), standard implant (S) associated to 30ºtilted implant, two conventional implants placed in the long axis and a cantilever prosthesis. A maxillary prototype model, with posterior atrophic region, was manufactured from a digital 3D model and divided into four groups with 01 specimen for the PA and 05 specimen for the SG. A total of 24 models were manufactured, 4 from photoelastic resin (PL-2) and 20 from polyurethane (F160). Morse taper implants were used and multiple screwed implant supported prostheses were manufactured (14-16). The groups were divided according to the rehabilitation protocol: ISA -two parallel implants in the long axis (S), one in the pre-molar region (14) and in the molar region (16); ISAICA-two parallel implants in the long axis, one standard (S) in the pre-molar region (14) and one short (C) in the molar region (16); ISAISI -two standard implants, one parallel to the long axis (14) and one tilted at 30 ̊ (16) and ISAPC -two parallelimplants in the long axis, in the first (14) and second (15) pre molar region, with a cantilever prostheses (16). For the PA, the assemble photoelastic model/implants/prostheses was positioned in a circular Abstract20polariscope associated to a universal test machine (EMIC), and an axial load of 100N applied (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Mestre

Part 1. Characteristics of foot movement in Tai Chi exercise. The performance of 16 experienced Tai Chi practitioners demonstrating a whole set of 42-form Tai Chi movements were recorded with two cameras. The APAS motion analysis system was used to identify the foot supporting and stepping characteristics during the practice. Seven foot support patterns and six step directions were identified. The results revealed that compared with normal walking, Tai Chi movement had more double support and less single support total duration. The duration of each support pattern was longer and movement from one pattern to the next was slow. The duration of each step direction was short, and changes of direction were frequent. It was expected that support patterns changed slowly, and combined with various step directions, they were found to be better than those of walking in simulating the gait challenges that may be encountered in daily activities. / Part 2: The plantar pressure distribution during Tai Chi exercise. The purpose of this study is to describe and quantify the plantar pressure distribution characteristics during Tai Chi exercise and to explain the beneficial effects of Tai Chi on balance control and muscle strength as compared with normal walking. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. Five typical Tai Chi movements represented by stepping forward, backward, sideways, up-down, and fixing could be isolated from the whole set of 42-form Tai Chi. The pressure-time integral, ground reaction force, displacement of center of pressure during the performance of the five typical movements were recorded and analyzed by the Pedar-X insole system (Germany). Results showed that during Tai Chi movements, the loading of the first metatarsal head and the great toe were significantly greater than in other regions (p<0.05). The ground reaction forces varied between the Tai Chi movements and normal walking. Compared with normal walking, the locations of the center of pressure in the Tai Chi movements were significantly more medial and posterior at initial contact (p<0.05), and were significantly more medial and anterior at the end of contact with the ground (p<0.05). The displacements of the center of pressure were significantly wider (p<0.05) in the mediolateral direction in the forward, backward and sideways Tai Chi movements. The displacement was significantly larger (p<0.05) in the anterposterior direction in the forward movement. The plantar pressure characteristics of Tai Chi movements found in this study may be one of the important factors for Tai Chi's improvement of balance control and muscle strength. / Part 3. The duration and plantar pressure distribution during one-leg stance in Tai Chi exercise. The aim of this study is to quantify the one-leg stance duration and plantar pressure distribution during the one-leg stance in Tai Chi and to try to elaborate on its probable effects on the ability to balance on one leg. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. The Novel Pedar-X insole system (Germany) was used to record the plantar forces during the execution of a set of 42-form Tai Chi movements and during normal walking. The one-leg stance duration and plantar pressure distribution during the one-leg stance were analyzed. Results showed that in Tai Chi, the total duration spent in the one-leg stance was less (p<0.05), the duration of each one-leg stance was longer (p<0.01) and the medial-lateral displacement of the center of pressure was greater (p<0.05) than during normal walking. The peak pressure and pressure-time integral of the second and third metatarsal heads and the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of other plantar regions during the one-leg stance in normal walking; whereas the peak pressure and pressure-time integral of the first metatarsal head and the great toe were significantly greater (p<0.05) than those of other plantar regions during the one-leg stance in Tai Chi. The longer duration of each one-leg stance and the plantar pressure distribution characteristics during the one-leg stance in Tai Chi may be associated with an improved ability to balance on one leg. / Part 4. The muscle contraction characteristics of the lower extremities during Tai Chi exercise. The objective of this study is to examine the muscle contraction characteristics of the lower extremities during Tai Chi exercise and to explain the beneficial effect of Tai Chi on the improvement of muscle strength. Sixteen experienced Tai Chi practitioners participated in this study. Five typical Tai Chi movements, represented by stepping in forward, backward, sideways, up-down and fixing were selected. The electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, and anterior tibialis muscles were recorded by Delsys electromyography measurement system (USA) during the performance of five typical Tai Chi movements. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Mao Dewei. / "August 2006." / Adviser: Youlian Hong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: B, page: 1598. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-112). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 campaner_m_me_araca_int.pdf: 1059060 bytes, checksum: 600ec274c934bb60162a9d4fc4bbf5be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os pacientes com maxila atrófica ainda representam um problema complexo para os cirurgiões dentistas, tornando sua reabilitação um grande desafio, devido à baixa quantidade e qualidade óssea, e também de áreas anatômicas a serem preservadas como a fossa nasal e o seio maxilar que pode apresentar-se pneumatizados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a distribuição de tensões qualitativa e quantitativamente, por meio da análise fotoelástica (AF) e extensométrica (AE), de três diferentes protocolos alternativos ao procedimento de enxertia óssea para a reabilitação implantossuportada de maxila atrófica: implante convencional (S- standard - 3,75x11,5mm) associado a implante curto (C) (5x7mm), implante convencional (S) associado a implante inclinado em 30º e dois implantes convencionais instalados no eixo axial utilizando prótese com extensão em cantilever. A partir de um protótipo da maxila edêntula com atrofia na região posterior, confeccionada por meio de um modelo digital 3D, os corpos de prova foram divididos em 04 grupos de 01 espécime cada para AF e quatro grupos de 05 espécimes para a AE. Foram confeccionados 24 modelos, destes 4 foram de resina fotoelástica (PL-2) e 20 de poliuretano (F160). Foram utilizados implantes do tipo cone morse e confeccionadas próteses fixas implantossuportadas múltiplas (14-16) parafusadas. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com protocolo de reabilitação proposto em: ISA - dois implantes (S) paralelos ao eixo axial, sendo um instalado na região do primeiro pré-molar (14) e outro na região do primeiro molar (16); ISAICA - dois implantes instalados paralelos ao eixo axial, sendo um implante (S) na região do primeiro pré-molar (14) e um implante curto (C) na região do primeiro molar (16); ISAISI - dois implantes (S), sendo um paralelo ao eixo axial instalado na região do primeiro pré-molar (14) e outro com inclinação distal de 30° na região do primeiro molar (16) e ISAPC - dois implantes (S) paralelos ao eixo axial instalados na região do primeiro pré-molar (14) e segundo pré-molar (15), com o pôntico (16) em cantiliever. Para AF, o conjunto modelo fotoelástico/implante/prótese foi posicionado em um polariscópio circular associado a uma máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC), sendo aplicada força axial de 100N. As tensões geradas foram registradas fotograficamente e analisadas qualitativamente. Para AE, 6 extensômetros foram posicionados ao redor dos dois implantes de cada grupo. Os sinais elétricos foram captados por um aparelho de aquisição de dados (ASD2002). Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos a ANOVA e ao teste Tukey (P<0.005). Pela AF, os protocolos de tratamento ISAICA e ISAPC apresentaram maior número de franjas de alta tensão em comparação os protocolos ISAISI e ISA. Pela AE, os protocolos ISAICA e ISAPC apresentaram maiores valores de tensão (microstrain), sendo diferentes do grupo controle ISA (P<.005). Já o protocolo ISAICA não apresentou diferença do grupo controle. Conclui-se que o protocolo de reabilitação de maxila atrófica com associação de implante axial e implante com inclinação distal de 30° apresentou o melhor comportamento biomecânico, sendo considerado a melhor alternativa ao procedimento de enxertia óssea para a reabilitação implantossuportada de maxila atrófica. / Patients with atrophic maxillary still represent a challenge to rehabilitate for dentists in general due to limitations on bone quantity and quality and the anatomical setting of the sites to be preserved, such as nasal cavity and maxillary sinus, that could be pneumatized. The aim of this study was to assess qualitative and quantitative the stress distribution, through photoelastic analysis (PA) and strain gauge (SG), of three alternative techniques to bone augmentation procedures for implant placement: standard implant (S- standard - 3,75x11,5mm) associated to short implant (C) (5x7mm), standard implant (S) associated to 30 º tilted implant, two conventional implants placed in the long axis and a cantilever prosthesis. A maxillary prototype model, with posterior atrophic region, was manufactured from a digital 3D model and divided into four groups with 01 specimen for the PA and 05 specimen for the SG. A total of 24 models were manufactured, 4 from photoelastic resin (PL-2) and 20 from polyurethane (F160). Morse taper implants were used and multiple screwed implant supported prostheses were manufactured (14-16). The groups were divided according to the rehabilitation protocol: ISA – two parallel implants in the long axis (S), one in the pre-molar region (14) and in the molar region (16); ISAICA – two parallel implants in the long axis, one standard (S) in the pre-molar region (14) and one short (C) in the molar region (16); ISAISI – two standard implants, one parallel to the long axis (14) and one tilted at 30˚ (16) and ISAPC – two parallel implants in the long axis, in the first (14) and second (15) pre molar region, with a cantilever prostheses (16). For the PA, the assemble photoelastic model/implants/prostheses was positioned in a circular polariscope associated to a universal test machine (EMIC), and an axial load of 100N applied. The tension generated were photographed and analyzed qualitatively. For the SGA, 6 extensometers were attached around two implants of each group. The electoral signals were captured with a data acquisition machine (ASD2001). The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (P <0.005). By AF, the ISAICA and ISAPC treatment protocols presented higher number of high-voltage fringes compared to the ISAISI and ISA protocols. By the AE, the ISAICA and ISAPC protocols presented higher values of tension (microstrain), being different from the ISA control group (P <.005). The ISAICA protocol did not present any difference in the control group. It was concluded that the protocol of atrophic maxilla rehabilitation with an association of axial implant and implant with distal inclination of 30 ° presented the best biomechanical behavior, being considered the best alternative to the bone grafting procedure for the implant-supported rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla.

Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga [Unesp] Gandini Júnior / Resumo: Objetivo: Quantificar, in vitro e tridimensionalmente, o sistema de força gerado durante o uso da barra palatina de beta-titânio 0,032' x 0,032' (BP) e arco continuo (AC) níquel titânio 0,016' (NiTi) para giro-versão e expansão do primeiro molar superior. Materiais e Métodos: Duas pesquisas científicas foram realizadas e redigidas em dois artigos científicos para avaliar os objetivos apresentados. Resultados: A BP quando utilizada para correção da giro-versão do primeiro molar produziu força vestíbulo palatina, mésio-distal e momento no centro de resistência (Net Mz) maiores que o AC. Nos segundos molares não foram encontradas diferenças em relação a força mésio-distal e momento, mas o AC apresentou força vestíbulo palatal (0,04N). Para expansão do primeiro molar superior as forças mésio distais foram aproximadas para as duas mecânicas a força mésio-distal foi maior na BP (-0,60N) quando comparada ao AC (-0,08N) já o momento foi calculado pelo centro de resistência onde Net Mz da BP teve resultados maiores que o AC. No segundo molar não existiram forças significantes com a mecânica de BP enquanto no AC observou-se forças colaterais de distalização e lingualização além de um Net Mz bastante baixo. Conclusão: Para giro-versão do primeiro molar superior a BP gera forças e momentos de maior magnitude que o AC. No entanto, no segundo molar, forças vestíbulo palatais são maiores no AC. Na mecânica de expansão no primeiro molar as forças transversais são parecidas nas duas mecâni... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: To quantify, in vitro and three-dimensional, the force system generated by a palatine bar (PB) beta-titanium 0.032 "x 0.032" and continuous arch (CA) NiTi 0.016 to derotation and expansion of the maxillary first molar. Methods and Materials: Two research were written in two scientific articles to evaluate the objectives. Results: The PB when used to derotation the molar produced vestibular palatine, mesio-distal force and moment in the center of resistance (Net Mz) greater than the CA. In second molars were not found moment, just vestibular palatine force (0.04N). For the molar expansion mesio-distal force was higher in PB (-0.60N) than in CA (-0.08N) and the momentum was calculated by the center of molar resistance. Net Mz of PB had higher results than CA. In the second molar there were no significant forces with PB mechanics while in CA we observed forces of distalization and lingualization besides a low Net Mz. Conclusion: For the first molar derotation PB generates forces and moments of greater magnitude than the CA. However, in the second molar, palatal vestibular forces are higher in CA. In the expansion mechanics in the first molar, the transverse forces are similar in two mechanicals and there is a greater unwanted moment of rotation in the PB than in CA. While in the second molar side effects are only felt in the mechanics of CA. / Mestre

Um dos fatores que podem contribuir para as lesões na articulação do joelho é a incapacidade do indivíduo em manter durante atividades funcionais, um bom alinhamento entre os segmentos corporais tais como tronco, quadril e joelho. Na maioria das vezes o aumento do valgo dinâmico de joelho é apontado como um fator etiológico de lesões nessa articulação e sua identificação precoceé importante, bem como de outros fatores biomecânicos. Os testes funcionais para avaliação do valgo são importantes ferramentas para analisar o alinhamento dinâmico entre os segmentos corporais, porém ainda não há na literatura subsídios cinesiológicos que comparem a amplitude articular do joelho, quadril e tronco nas principais tarefas funcionais e utilizadas na prática clínica. Da mesma forma, a relação da cinemática desses segmentos com o torque dos músculos estabilizadores do quadril e joelho ainda é controverso. Objetivos: Comparar os valores angulares dados pela cinemática de tronco, quadril e joelho em cinco diferentes tarefas funcionais utilizadas para avaliação do valgo dinâmicoe correlacionar com o pico de torque de joelho e quadril. Materiais e Métodos: 30 voluntários saudáveis sem historia de dor ou disfunção em membros inferiores, de ambos os sexos (15 homens e 15 mulheres) com idade de 18 a 35 anos realizaram os testes de força muscular isométrica para todos os grupos musculares de joelho e quadril utilizando o Dinamômetro isocinéticoBiodex®. Entre 3 a 7 dias após o teste de força muscular foi realizada a análise cinemática de tronco, quadril e joelho utilizando o Sistema VICON (Centennial, CO, EUA) durante a realização de cinco diferentes tarefas funcionais para avaliação do valgo dinâmico de joelho, sendo elas: descida de degrau, singlelegstepdown, agachamento unipodal, aterrissagem unipodal, drop vertical jump. Resultados: A tarefa dedrop vertical jump apresentou os maiores valores de pico de valgo(média: 20,1º p<=0,04), rotação interna de joelho(média: 9,7º p<=0,003), flexão de quadril(média: 38,8º p<=0,001) e menores valores de rotação de tronco (média: 0,07º p<=0,009). A tarefa de single legstepdown apresentou maiores valores de flexão de tronco (média: 10,2º p<=0,002) em relação às outras tarefas funcionais. Foi observada uma correlação negativa e fraca do pico de torque de rotadores externos de quadril e inclinação ipsilateral de tronco(R= - 0,36; p=0,049) na tarefa de descida de degrau. Não houve evidências de correlação entre o pico de torque de abdutores, adutores, rotadores internos,rotadores externos, flexores, extensores de quadril e flexores e extensores de joelho com a cinemática de joelho, quadril e tronco nas tarefas funcionais de agachamento unipodal, aterrissagem unipodal, drop vertical jump e singlelegstepdown. Conclusão:A compreensão das variáveis cinesiológicas de joelho, quadril e troncoé fundamental para direcionar o clínico na escolha do teste funcional para avaliação do valgo dinâmico.Todas as tarefas analisadas são efetivas para avaliar o valgo dinâmico, porém adrop vertical jumpparece demandar mais estratégias de joelho e quadril, e a tarefasingle legstepdown apresentou maiores alterações cinesiológicasde tronco. Além disso, o pico de torque de quadril e joelho não exerceu influência no desempenho dos testes em indivíduos saudáveis / One of the factors that can contribute to injuries in the knee joint is the individual\'s inability to maintain an alignment between the body segments such as trunk, hip and knee during functional activities. Most of the time the dynamic knee valgus has been suggested as an etiologic factor that contributefor this joint injuries and early identification along with biomechanical factors associated with knee joint injuries is important. The functional tests for knee valgus evaluation are important tools for assessing the dynamic alignment between body segments, but there is no kinesiological subsidies in the literature that compare knee, hip and trunk in most of the described functional tasks used in the clinical practice and their relationship with the hip and knee strengthin healthy subjects. This study aimsto compare the angle values by the trunk, hip and knee kinematics in five different functional tasks used to evaluate the dynamic valgus and correlate this with the muscle\'s torque of the hip and knee. A sample of 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women) aged 18 to 35, with no history of pain or dysfunction in the lower limbs, performed a isometric muscle strength tests for all theknee and hip groups muscles using an isokinetic dynamometer Biodex®. Between 3 and 7 days after the muscle strength testing trunk, hip and knee kinematic analysis was performedduring five different functional tasks for evaluating the dynamic knee valgus using the Vicon system (Centennial, CO, USA).The functional tests were: stair descent, single-leg step down, single leg squat, single leg landing, drop vertical jump. ANOVA repeated measures was used to verify the differencesin the tasks for knee, hip and trunk kinematics and Pearson\'s correlation was used to verify correlations between hip and knee muscle\'s torque and knee, hip and trunk kinematics. The drop vertical jump task showed the highest peak values of valgus (average: 20.1º p<=0,04), internal rotation of the knee (average: 9,7º p<=0,003), hip flexion (mean: 38,8º p<=0,001) and lower trunk rotation values (mean 0,07º p<=0,009). The single leg step down task showed greater trunk flexion values (mean: 10,2º p<=0,002) in relation to all functional tasks. It was observed a negative and weak correlation of thehip external rotators torque and ipsilateral trunk lean (R = - 0.36, p = 0.049) in stair descent task. There was no evidence of correlation between peak torque of the hip abductors, adductors, internal rotators, external rotators, flexors and extensors and flexors, extensors of the knee with knee, hip and trunk kinematics in the single leg squat, landing, drop vertical jump and single-leg step down. For choosing a functional task to evaluate the dynamic valgus is crucial to the clinicians understand the kinesiological variables of knee, hip and trunk. All assessed tasks are effective to evaluate the dynamic knee valgus, although the drop vertical jump task requires more adjustments in the knee and hip, and the single leg step down task has higher kinesiological changes in the trunk.In addition, knee and hip peak of torque had no influence on the performance of the tests in healthy individuals

Cartilage fatigue may be a factor in the precocious development of degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This cross-sectional study estimated potential for cartilage fatigue via TMJ energy densities (ED) and jaw muscle duty factors (DF), which were combined to calculate mechanobehavioral scores (MBS) in women with (+) and without (-) bilateral TMJ disc displacement (DD). All subjects gave informed consent to participate and were examined using Diagnostic Criteria (DC) for Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images. Forty-seven subjects were categorized into +DD (n = 29) and -DD (n = 18) groups. Dynamic stereometry (MR images combined with jaw-tracking data) characterized individual-specific data of TMJ stress-field mechanics to determine ED (ED = W/Q mJ/mm3, where W = work done, Q = volume of cartilage) during 10 symmetrical jaw-closing cycles with a 20-N mandibular right canine load. Subjects were trained to record masseter and temporalis electromyography over 3 days and 3 nights. Root mean square electromyography/bite-force calibrations determined subject-specific masseter and temporalis muscle activities per 20-N bite-force (T20 N, μV), which defined thresholds. Muscle DF (DF = % duration of muscle activity/total recording time) were determined for a range of thresholds, and MBS (ED2 × DF) were calculated. Intergroup differences in ED, DF, and MBS were assessed via analyses of variance with Bonferroni and Tukey honest significant difference post hoc tests. Average ED for contralateral TMJs was significantly larger (P = 0.012) by 1.4-fold in +DD compared to -DD subjects. Average DF were significantly larger (all P < 0.01) for +DD compared to -DD subjects by 1.7-, 2.5-, and 1.9-fold for day, night, and overall, respectively. Daytime MBS were significantly larger (all P < 0.04) by up to 8.5-fold in +DD compared to -DD subjects. Significantly larger ED, DF, and MBS were shown in women with compared to women without bilateral TMJ DD.

Em uma tentativa de melhor restabelecer a função normal do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), foi proposta a técnica de reconstrução do LCA com feixe duplo (FD). Entretanto, a superioridade desta técnica frente à técnica com feixe simples (FS) ainda não está claramente demonstrada no cenário clínico. O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar a amplitude de rotação tibial, o máximo de rotação interna e externa, e a força de reação ao solo de joelhos submetidos à reconstrução anatômica com feixe duplo, a joelhos submetidos à reconstrução com feixe simples, durante a realização de tarefas dinâmicas. Para isso, um total de 75 (setenta e cinco) indivíduos foram avaliados (26 reconstruções feixe duplo, 22 reconstruções feixe simples, 27 indivíduos sem lesão do LCA que formaram um grupo controle). Utilizando um sistema de análise do movimento humano, constituído por 4 câmeras para a análise do movimento, os indivíduos foram avaliados em três tarefas de demandas distintas. Utilizou-se a técnica TSACCAST para o cálculo da rotação interna e externa da tíbia. A média da amplitude de rotação tibial, máximo de rotação interna e externa, foi avaliada para cada joelho em cada um dos três grupos. A avaliação clínica destes pacientes foi realizada utilizando-se questionários subjetivo e objetivo (IKDC), assim como artrometria manual. Estas avaliações revelaram que ambos os grupos operados eram semelhantes no que se refere ao resultado clínico pós-operatório. A avaliação da amplitude de rotação tibial, máximo de rotação interna e externa, demonstrou que o joelho operado era semelhante ao joelho não operado e aos joelhos do grupo controle. Também não se verificou diferença significativa nos valores de amplitude de rotação tibial, máximo de rotação interna e externa, quando se comparou o grupo FS ao grupo FD. Desta forma, concluímos que a reconstrução do LCA com a técnica de FS e com a técnica de FD são similares no que se refere ao restabelecimento do controle da rotação da tíbia / In an attempt to better restore the normal function of the two ACL bundles, the ACL reconstruction with two bundles has been proposed. However, the superiority of the double-bundle technique has not been clearly demonstrated in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to compare the tibial rotational range, maximal internal and external rotation and ground reaction force of anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees with single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed knees during three different demanding tasks. A total of 75 subjects, (26 with double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 22 with single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and 27 healthy control individuals) were evaluated in this study. Using a 4-camera motion analysis system, motion subjects were recorded performing during three different tasks. Using the CAST technique, the internal-external tibial rotation of both knees was calculated. The mean tibial rotational range, maximum internal and external rotation, for each knee, was evaluated for the 3 groups (double-bundle group, single-bundle group, and control group). Clinical assessment, including objective and subjective IKDC scores, and knee arthrometric measurement, revealed restoration of the reconstructed knee stability with no differences between the two anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction groups. The results demonstrated that both groups resulted in tibial rotation range values that were similar to those in the non-injured knees and those in the healthy controls. There were also no significant differences in tibial rotational range, maximal internal and external rotation and ground reaction force between the DB group and the SB group. Therefore, anatomical double-bundle and single-bundle reconstruction are able to restore normal tibial rotation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar comparativamente a rigidez vertical, horizontal e de resistência à ruptura, com liberdade de movimentos em três eixos no espaço, de mandíbulas fixadas com sistemas 2,0-mm locking e convencionais com uma ou duas placas, em fraturas unilaterais no ângulo mandibular. Vinte mandíbulas de cordeiro, submetidas a osteotomia reproduzindo fraturas, foram divididas em três grupos: F1PC - placa convencional em linha oblíqua; F2PC - duas placas convencionais de modo monoplanar; FL - placa de sistema locking 2,0mm em linha oblíqua. Foi utilizada máquina de ensaio universal, onde foi acoplado suporte metálico com rodas para as mandíbulas. O sistema foi analisado em três diferentes momentos: pré-osteotomia com mandíbulas hígidas e pós-osteotomia/fixação e resistência à ruptura. Os valores de rigidez foram submetidos a análise de variância (p<0,005). Os valores de rigidez vertical (p< 0,0001), horizontal (p= 0,0005) e resistência a ruptura (p= 0,0001) entre pré e pósosteotomia/ fixação apresentaram uma diminuição significante. Na comparação entre os grupos, houve diferença significante para a rigidez vertical (p= 0,009) e o grupo F2PC apresentou maior rigidez. Na comparação entre os grupos, não houve diferença significante para a rigidez horizontal e para resistência a ruptura. Foi concluído que para rigidez vertical, horizontal e resistência a ruptura os valores de pós-osteotomia/fixação foram significantemente menores, o sistema de fixação com duas placas convencionais mostrou maior resistência quanto à rigidez vertical que os demais sistemas e não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação entre os grupos quanto a rigidez horizontal e resistência a ruptura. / The objective of this work was to evaluate the vertical, horizontal and tensile rigidity with freedom of movement in three axes in space, of mandibles fixed with 2.0-mm locking and conventional systems with one or two plates, in unilateral fractures in the Angle of the mandible. Twenty mandibles of lamb, submitted to osteotomy and reproducing fractures, were divided into three groups: F1PC - conventional oblique line; F2PC - two conventional single-mode boards; FL - 2.0mm locking system plate in oblique line. A universal test machine was used, where metal support was coupled with wheels for the jaws. The system was analyzed in three different moments: pre-osteotomy with healthy mandibles and post-osteotomy / fixation and resistance to rupture. The stiffness values were submitted to analysis of variance (p <0.005). The values of vertical rigidity (p <0.0001), horizontal (p = 0.0005) and resistance to rupture (p = 0.0001) between pre and post osteotomy / fixation showed a significant decrease. In the comparison between the groups, there was a significant difference for vertical stiffness (p = 0.009) and the F2PC group presented greater stiffness. In the comparison between the groups, there was no significant difference for horizontal rigidity and for resistance to rupture. It was concluded that for post-osteotomy / fixation values were significantly lower for vertical, horizontal and tensile rigidity, the fixation system with two conventional plates showed greater resistance to vertical rigidity than the other systems and there was no statistically significant difference in comparison between the groups for horizontal rigidity and resistance to rupture.

Lam, Mak Ham. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-131). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.