Data protection in the EU - Biometric data The main aim of this thesis is to deal with the data protection in connection with the biometric data. In the first chapter, the author of this work deals with the historical context. The right to privacy even nowadays represents the solid ground of the data protection. Therefore, its de- limitation and subsequent connection with the data privacy is of an upmost importance for a proper understanding of this problematics. The author also deals with the data protection not only in the european context, but also with the disunited legislation in the US, where a legisla- tion in the context of general data protection regulation is absent. The second chapter mainly dealt with stating the general legal principles and their rel- evance to the legal order as well as with the special principles laid down in the regulation, which are mandatory to be upheld. The third chapter dealt with the term of personal data. Moreover, it was also important to define the other terms, which goes hand in hand with the personal data term. Therefore, anonymous data as a personal data, which went through the anonymisation process, as well as the special category of personal data, which represents the fundament of the problematics of the biometric data and lastly also the term of data...

Facial reconstructions, like archaeology, consists of many layers that one must get through to understand the whole picture. The development of the methods that reconstructions rely on, occurred during the 20th century. By focusing on the various elements such as studies of tissue depth, chemical processes (DNA and isotope analysis), solid craftsmanship and the development of computer technology, researchers around the world have been able to build a method that can give us an extended understanding of history. However, a lot of opinions have risen for the subject, people begin to question it ́s accuracy and what the real purpose really is. Besides the reliability of facial reconstruction, the experience of how a facial reconstruction is perceived by another person is equally important, the ethical principles have been brought up to discussion because it involves human remains. Discussions may occur during cases when facial reconstructions are inevitable, one example could be with minority groups that have a different view on how a body should be handled and treated after death. These scenarios are more likely to develop in the identification in forensic contexts, but the problem may also increase in archaeological contexts if the remains are from more recent times and the individuals as a population group has suffered repression. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss such questions but also embark on a mission to perform a facial reconstruction of an individual from the medieval church of St. Hans and the challenges that may occur during the way. The American method used in this essay shows that you can get a good result by following the instructions and guidelines that are displayed in various books and articles.

Psychologists have used biometric data since the early 1900s to analyze the emotional responses of such subjects as students, patients with autism, and adults suffering from stress. Biometric data, the recording of physiological responses such as galvanic skin response, heart rate, and eye blinking frequency, shows peaks in emotional response to stimuli in a human’s environment. Galvanic skin response (GSR) is the most potent form of biometric data used for the study of emotional arousal. GSR, if studied in tandem with stimuli, can help researchers identify events in a subject’s environment that trigger emotion. GSR has been used to analyze responses to performance arts, but these studies are typically performed in controlled environments using video-taped performances and not under live performance conditions. Furthermore, this research is more often conducted using dance and not theatre, and often the material studied is less than ½ hour in length. This study combines techniques from several prominent studies of GSR for performing arts response research and applies them to the analysis of a 1 and ½ hour theatrical performance. GSR data is collected from six audience members during live performances of this theatrical work and the subjects are interviewed based on their galvanic skin response recorded during the play. The results of the analysis and interviews are reported to the director and design team of the play in order to inform them of the emotional impact of their work. Such information holds the potential to inform the creative team’s future play-making processes. / text

The issue of the use of biometric data in labour relations Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the current topic of the legal framework for the protection of biometric data in the context of labour relations. With the development of information technology, interest in the use of biometric data is growing. It is becoming common in the workplace that the biometric data are used, among others, for recording attendance, gaining access either to the workplace itself or to the individual work equipment. Their use is simple and convenient, as employees can use for verification their fingerprints, iris scans, etc. However, biometric data are inherently unchangeable, which is an advantage as well as the Achilles heel of their processing. Therefore, due to their nature, they fall into the category of sensitive personal data and as such enjoy enhanced protection. Development in the field of information technology suggests that biometric data are highly likely to become part of everyday life. Hence, it is more than appropriate for this development to be reflected in the legislation. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide a general insight into the issue of using biometric data in the labour relations, where a particularly high increase in their use can be expected. The first part of this thesis acquaints the...

Yes / An important issue in many of today's biometric applications is the development of efficient and accurate techniques for representing related 3D data. Such data is often available through the process of digitization of complex geometric objects which are of importance to biometric applications. For example, in the area of 3D face recognition a digital point cloud of data corresponding to a given face is usually provided by a 3D digital scanner. For efficient data storage and for identification/authentication in a timely fashion such data requires to be represented using a few parameters or variables which are meaningful. Here we show how mathematical techniques based on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) can be utilized to represent complex 3D data where the data can be parameterized in an efficient way. For example, in the case of a 3D face we show how it can be represented using PDEs whereby a handful of key facial parameters can be identified for efficient storage and verification.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao final heria.pdf: 1218175 bytes, checksum: 137105a1f3e4866edd482cde6bc19365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / In the Cerrado, some species of palm trees stand out from the natural, economic, and ecological point of view, either by the predominance, either by exuberance of the plant or importance in the wild fauna and/or flora equilibrium, or even by use of their products and byproducts by the local community. Among these, the macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) occurs in abundance in some states, mainly in Goiás. Increasingly this palm has aroused interest, by its high production of fruits and several uses, such as food, forage, ornamental and oilseed production. And, furthermore, its fruits are highly prized for human consumption, domestic and wild fauna. However, the existing exploitation is basically extractivist and with low productivity. The installation of commercial fields lives together with a series of difficulties, including the lack of knowledge of its ecological requirements. This research aimed to characterize environments of naturally occurring macauba and their respective populations, in the regions Center and South of the State of Goias. Ten areas were studied, located in seven municipalities: Santa Cruz de Goiás, São Miguel do Passa Quatro, São Francisco de Goiás, Parauna, Jandaia, Indiara and Jaraguá. Soil chemical and physical characterizations were carried out, in addition to the description of a brief topossequence description. Climatic data relating to historical series from 1961 to 1990 were obtained, as well as a biometric survey of plants and fruits. According to results, the species occurs in greater density in soils of medium to high fertility. Areas with a predominance of Cambisolos and Neossolos, and with medium texture or sandy clay loam, presented higher plant density. Greater concentration of macauba plants occurs in portions of convex slope, talus and concave slope of topossequences. The macauba develops in soils with base saturation above 50% and high levels of potassium, as evidenced by the presence of muscovite in the areas of occurrence. There is phenotypical variability of the characters studied between plants of macauba of different areas and, in particular, between plants within the area. The population of macauba in the municipality of Jamaica is more productive in terms of number of bunches per plant. Macauba presents both phenologic stages of flowering and fructification, besides bunches of fruit in different stages of development, producing around three to five bunches of fruits per plant in the regions Center and South of the State of Goias. There is no correlation between biometric data of plants and soil fertility variables. Biometric data of fruits have variation between areas, between plants within the area and, mainly, between fruits in trees. The micronutrient iron in the soil is positively correlated with almond average mass and calcium is negatively correlated with number of almonds. The average mass of fruit is positively correlated with across and longitudinal diameters and with the total almond mass. In general, the fruit of macauba presents one to three almonds and is constituted of 23.73% of shell, 33.10% of endocarp, 34.28% of pulp and 8.89% of almond. / No Cerrado, algumas espécies de palmeiras se destacam do ponto de vista natural, econômico e ecológico, seja pela predominância, seja pela exuberância da planta ou importância no equilíbrio da fauna e/ou flora, ou ainda pelo aproveitamento de seus produtos e subprodutos pela comunidade local. Dentre estas, a macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) ocorre em abundância em alguns Estados, principalmente em Goiás. Cada vez mais esta palmeira tem despertado interesse, pela sua alta produção de frutos e por possuir diversas utilidades, como alimentícias, forrageira, ornamental e oleaginosa. E, ainda, seus frutos são muito apreciados pelo homem, fauna doméstica e silvestre. Porém, a exploração hoje existente é basicamente extrativista e com baixa produtividade. A instalação de lavouras comerciais convive com uma série de dificuldades, incluindo o desconhecimento de suas exigências ecológicas. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar ambientes de ocorrência natural da macaúba e suas respectivas populações, nas regiões Centro e Sul do Estado de Goiás. Trabalhou-se com dez áreas, locadas em sete municípios: Santa Cruz de Goiás, São Miguel do Passa Quatro, São Francisco de Goiás, Paraúna, Jandaia, Indiara e Jaraguá. Foram realizadas caracterizações química e física do solo; além da descrição da topossequência e sua classificação sucinta. Obteve-se também os dados climáticos relativos à série histórica de 1961 a 1990, além de levantamento de dados biométricos das plantas e frutos. De acordo com os resultados, a espécie ocorre em maior densidade em solos de média a alta fertilidade. Áreas com predomínio de Cambissolos e Neossolos, e com textura média ou franco argilo-arenosa, apresentaram maior densidade de plantas. Ocorre, também, maior concentração de macaubeiras nas porções declive convexo, tálus e declive côncavo da topossequência. A macaúba se desenvolve em solos com saturação de bases acima de 50% e altos níveis de potássio, evidenciado até mesmo pela presença de muscovita nas áreas de ocorrência. Existe variabilidade fenotípica dos caracteres estudados entre plantas de macaúba das diferentes áreas e, especialmente, entre as plantas dentro da área. A população de macaúba da área no município de Jandaia é mais produtiva em termos de número de cachos por planta. A macaúba apresenta simultaneamente as fenofases de floração e frutificação, além de cachos de frutos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento, produzindo cerca de três a cinco cachos de frutos por planta nas regiões Centro e Sul do Estado de Goiás. Não há correlação entre os dados biométricos das plantas e as variáveis de fertilidade do solo. Os dados biométricos de frutos possuem variação entre áreas, entre plantas dentro da área e, principalmente, entre frutos no cacho. O micronutriente ferro no solo correlaciona-se positivamente com a massa média de amêndoas e, o cálcio, negativamente com o número de amêndoas. A massa média dos frutos correlaciona-se positivamente com os diâmetros transversal e longitudinal, e com a massa total de amêndoas destes. De forma geral, o fruto de macaúba constitui-se de 23,73% de casca, 33,10% de endocarpo, 34,28% de polpa e 8,89% de amêndoa.

In the development of digitally connected solutions that require the use of personal data, the issue of data privacy is an important factor that must be taken into account. Simply informing users about how data is used and getting their consent with a simple click is not enough to create awareness of the issue of data privacy and let them make a conscious decision about the use of their personal data. Furthermore, there is a big gap in knowledge about what personal data is and what is considered sensitive data. Especially the knowledge about what biometric identifiers that they are used in a variety of everyday life applications and in which sense the handling can be problematic is unknown.This thesis project explores how the use of critical play in form of an activist game can create awareness of the issue of data privacy, inform about the value of biometric data and foster self-reflection of handling one’s own personal data. Through the simulation of dependencies between personal data, the motivation to share them and the aggregation of personal data in combination with real and prospective use cases, players are empowered to reflect on their behaviour and to critically deal with the topic of data privacy.

A determinação da quantidade ideal de palha sobre o solo é uma das questões mais discutidas pelo setor sucroenergético, visto que este resíduo vegetal pode ser considerado um subproduto da cana-de-açúcar destinado à produção de etanol celulósico e cogeração de energia elétrica. Para estabelecer estes valores é necessário considerar as necessidades da cultura, juntamente com características físico-químicas e biológicas do solo. Os modelos de culturas baseados em processos (MCPs), especificamente o APSIM-Sugar, capaz de simular a matéria orgânica sobre o solo, pode ser utilizado em conjunto com experimentos de campo, para auxiliar as tomadas de decisão sobre quais as quantidades ideais de palha em cada sistema de produção de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Os MCPs devem ser utilizados para simular o desenvolvimento e o crescimento da cultura, além do balanço de água, nitrogênio e carbono no solo, o que possibilitaria a aplicação dos resultados experimentais em outras regiões de interesse, permitindo visão e compreensão mais amplas das principais questões do setor. Neste contexto, este estudo comparou dois tratamentos: manutenção de 100% da palha (CP) e remoção de 100% da palha (SP) em um experimento irrigado conduzido com a primeira soca da cultivar RB867515, cultivada na região meridional do Brasil, no município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, Lat. 22,67° S and Long. 47,64° W. Foram realizadas avaliações biométricas mensais, referentes as variáveis, perfilhamento, altura e diâmetro de colmos, índice de área foliar (IAF) e número de folhas verdes, assim como avaliações sobre as massas frescas e secas de folhas, colmos e palmitos. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), foi obtida pelo método da razão de Bowen (MRB) e a partir da reflectometria no domínio da frequência (FDR). O fluxo de seiva pelo método do balanço de calor foi assumido como a transpiração (Tp). Comparando os tratamentos, observou-se diferenças significativas apenas para no IAF e na massa seca de folhas (MSF). A ETc mostrou valores entre 3 e 8 mm dia-1, dependendo das condições climáticas e do estágio da cultura. O coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) apresentou relação inversa com a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), de tal forma que quando ETo < 2 mm, o Kc(SP) = 1,8 e o Kc(CP) = 1,5, e para situações com ETo > 6mm foram observados Kc(CP) = 1,3 e Kc(SP) = 1,2. O modelo de cultura APSIM-Sugar foi aplicado para diferentes regiões brasileiras, visando a determinação das melhores estratégias de manejo, tanto de água, quanto de solo. As simulações mostraram que, para todas as regiões, a manutenção de no mínimo 50% da palha e a reposição de 25% do total de irrigação, resultou nas maiores taxas de incremento da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. / Determining the optimal amount of trash blankets above ground is one of the most discussed issues by the sugarcane industry, since this residue can be considered a byproduct of sugarcane due to cellulosic ethanol and electricity cogeneration. To establish these values, it is necessary to consider the crop needs together with physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics. The process based crop models (PBCMs), specifically APSIM-Sugar, able to simulate the soil organic matter, can be used in conjunction with field experiments to support the decision making about the optimum amounts of trash blanket for Brazilian sugarcane farming systems. PBCMs might be used to simulate the crop development and growth, water, nitrogen and carbon soil balances, and make the experiment data applicable for other regions allowing for a broader view and understanding on the key questions. In this context, this study compared two treatments: maintenance of 100% of the trash (CP) and removal of 100% of the trash (SP) in an experiment carried out with an irrigated first ratoon of RB867515 cultivar in Southern Brazil, at city of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Lat. 22,67° S and Long. 47,64° W. Monthly biometric evaluations were performed regarding the variables, tillering, stalk\'s height and diameter, leaf area index (LAI) and number of green leaves, as well as fresh and dry mass of leaves, cabbages and stalks. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were assessed by Bowen ratio method (MRB) and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR). Sap flow measured by heat balance method was assumed to be the crop transpiration (Tp). APSIM-Sugar crop model was calibrated based on these experimental data, and such model was applied for different Brazilian regions for evaluating the best water-trash management strategies for each region. Comparing both treatments there were just significant differences for leaf area index (LAI) and leaves dry mass (MSF). ETc was ranged from 3 to 8 mm day-1, depending on the weather conditions and crop stage. Crop coefficient (Kc) showed an inverse linear relationship with reference evapotranspiration (ETo), in such way that when ETo < 2 mm, the Kc(SP) = 1,8 and Kc(CP) = 1,5, and for ETo > 6mm it was observed Kc(CP) = 1,3 and Kc(SP) = 1,2. APSIM-Sugar simulations showed that, in the most part of cases, the keeping at least 50% of trash blanket and 25% of total irrigation requirement, resulted on the highest yield rates.

A determinação da quantidade ideal de palha sobre o solo é uma das questões mais discutidas pelo setor sucroenergético, visto que este resíduo vegetal pode ser considerado um subproduto da cana-de-açúcar destinado à produção de etanol celulósico e cogeração de energia elétrica. Para estabelecer estes valores é necessário considerar as necessidades da cultura, juntamente com características físico-químicas e biológicas do solo. Os modelos de culturas baseados em processos (MCPs), especificamente o APSIM-Sugar, capaz de simular a matéria orgânica sobre o solo, pode ser utilizado em conjunto com experimentos de campo, para auxiliar as tomadas de decisão sobre quais as quantidades ideais de palha em cada sistema de produção de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Os MCPs devem ser utilizados para simular o desenvolvimento e o crescimento da cultura, além do balanço de água, nitrogênio e carbono no solo, o que possibilitaria a aplicação dos resultados experimentais em outras regiões de interesse, permitindo visão e compreensão mais amplas das principais questões do setor. Neste contexto, este estudo comparou dois tratamentos: manutenção de 100% da palha (CP) e remoção de 100% da palha (SP) em um experimento irrigado conduzido com a primeira soca da cultivar RB867515, cultivada na região meridional do Brasil, no município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, Lat. 22,67° S and Long. 47,64° W. Foram realizadas avaliações biométricas mensais, referentes as variáveis, perfilhamento, altura e diâmetro de colmos, índice de área foliar (IAF) e número de folhas verdes, assim como avaliações sobre as massas frescas e secas de folhas, colmos e palmitos. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), foi obtida pelo método da razão de Bowen (MRB) e a partir da reflectometria no domínio da frequência (FDR). O fluxo de seiva pelo método do balanço de calor foi assumido como a transpiração (Tp). Comparando os tratamentos, observou-se diferenças significativas apenas para no IAF e na massa seca de folhas (MSF). A ETc mostrou valores entre 3 e 8 mm dia-1, dependendo das condições climáticas e do estágio da cultura. O coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) apresentou relação inversa com a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), de tal forma que quando ETo < 2 mm, o Kc(SP) = 1,8 e o Kc(CP) = 1,5, e para situações com ETo > 6mm foram observados Kc(CP) = 1,3 e Kc(SP) = 1,2. O modelo de cultura APSIM-Sugar foi aplicado para diferentes regiões brasileiras, visando a determinação das melhores estratégias de manejo, tanto de água, quanto de solo. As simulações mostraram que, para todas as regiões, a manutenção de no mínimo 50% da palha e a reposição de 25% do total de irrigação, resultou nas maiores taxas de incremento da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. / Determining the optimal amount of trash blankets above ground is one of the most discussed issues by the sugarcane industry, since this residue can be considered a byproduct of sugarcane due to cellulosic ethanol and electricity cogeneration. To establish these values, it is necessary to consider the crop needs together with physical, chemical and biological soil characteristics. The process based crop models (PBCMs), specifically APSIM-Sugar, able to simulate the soil organic matter, can be used in conjunction with field experiments to support the decision making about the optimum amounts of trash blanket for Brazilian sugarcane farming systems. PBCMs might be used to simulate the crop development and growth, water, nitrogen and carbon soil balances, and make the experiment data applicable for other regions allowing for a broader view and understanding on the key questions. In this context, this study compared two treatments: maintenance of 100% of the trash (CP) and removal of 100% of the trash (SP) in an experiment carried out with an irrigated first ratoon of RB867515 cultivar in Southern Brazil, at city of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Lat. 22,67° S and Long. 47,64° W. Monthly biometric evaluations were performed regarding the variables, tillering, stalk\'s height and diameter, leaf area index (LAI) and number of green leaves, as well as fresh and dry mass of leaves, cabbages and stalks. Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were assessed by Bowen ratio method (MRB) and frequency domain reflectometry (FDR). Sap flow measured by heat balance method was assumed to be the crop transpiration (Tp). APSIM-Sugar crop model was calibrated based on these experimental data, and such model was applied for different Brazilian regions for evaluating the best water-trash management strategies for each region. Comparing both treatments there were just significant differences for leaf area index (LAI) and leaves dry mass (MSF). ETc was ranged from 3 to 8 mm day-1, depending on the weather conditions and crop stage. Crop coefficient (Kc) showed an inverse linear relationship with reference evapotranspiration (ETo), in such way that when ETo < 2 mm, the Kc(SP) = 1,8 and Kc(CP) = 1,5, and for ETo > 6mm it was observed Kc(CP) = 1,3 and Kc(SP) = 1,2. APSIM-Sugar simulations showed that, in the most part of cases, the keeping at least 50% of trash blanket and 25% of total irrigation requirement, resulted on the highest yield rates.

The thesis deals with the approach level, meaning, purpose and benefit of personal data protection in their processing within police and judicial cooperation in the EU. In the introduction the fundamental issues of personal data protection in the context of the EU and the Czech republic are defined, focusing on terminology and explanations of current issues, particularly the area of biometric data and data retention. Extra attention is also given to the conflict of the right to privacy, and the related right to personal data protection and protection of public interests and safety. After that the thesis deals with a performing of police and judicial cooperation in the EU through specific subjects, in particular Europol and Eurojust. The final part of the thesis focuses on the practical implementation of personal data protection in police and judicial cooperation in the EU, and secondly the importance of personal data protection in police and judicial cooperation, as a deduced basic human right, and the difficulties with which the personal data protection in police and judicial cooperation in the EU are joined. The final part of this thesis consider the main sections in which we can find area for adjustment towards more effective police and judicial cooperation in the EU, with full respect for the right to personal data protection.