Les techniques biologiques actuelles, en particulier celles qui concernent le génie génétique, sont devenues un domaine de discussion philosophique très actif. Elles soulèvent un nombre considérable d’inquiétudes dont le centre problématique réside dans cette interrogation : doit-on laisser à la technique la possibilité d’une fabrication intégrale de l’homme ? Les réponses habituelles avancées se heurtent soit aux problèmes philosophiques de l’essentialisme naturaliste, soit aux limitations des discours utopiques qui prônent l’arrivée du posthumain. Nous tenterons d’emprunter dans cette recherche une perspective différente, impliquant une double démarche conceptuelle : d’une part, une interrogation de l’image de l’homme à l’oeuvre dans les différents projets biotechniques ; d’autre part, la formulation d’une philosophie de la vie capable d’élucider la signification biologique et humaine de ces projets. Nous affirmerons à cet égard que l’image de l’homme-machine élaborée aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles trouve son accomplissement dans les biotechniques actuelles, dans lesquelles l’homme acquiert la condition de locus technicus par excellence. À l’intérieur de cet espace, il s’ouvre la possibilité d’une production technique de l’homme où les capacités normatives de la vie sont mises en question. Nous soutiendrons que les biotechniques s’offrent à l’homme comme une forme d’activité vitale paradoxale, dans la mesure où elles travaillent pour dépasser ou supprimer la polarité dynamique propre au vivant. Il s’agira donc d’analyser– à l’aune de Canguilhem – les fondements de la « fabrique » biotechnique et ses répercussions à l’égard de la valeur biologique de la vie. / Current biological techniques, in particular those concerning genetic engineering have become a veryactive domain of philosophical discussion. These raise a series of significant concerns amongst which thefundamental problem lies in the following issue: should we or should we not allow the technique toassume on its own human improvement in all its dimensions? The customary answers to such matter,encounter with either the philosophical problems of naturalist essentialism, or else, the limitations ofutopian discourses which advocate the virtues of the arrival of the post-human concept. In this research,however, we will attempt to answer through a double conceptual approach. On one hand, a questioningof man’s image, at work in the diverse biotechnical projects; and on the other, the formulation of aphilosophy of life capable of clarifying the human and biological significance of these projects. In thisregard, we will claim that the image of the man-machine outlined in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries isfully accomplished by present ongoing biotechnologies in which man acquires the condition of locustechnicus par excellence. This scenario opens up the possibility of a technical production of man, one inwhich life’s normative capacities are currently questioned. We will affirm that biotechnologies imply avital yet paradoxical form of activity insofar as these work towards surpassing or suppressing thedynamic polarity peculiar to living beings. Therefore, our approach will analyse – from the standpoint ofCanguilhem – the basis of the “biotechnical fabric” of the human body and its repercussions regardingthe biological value of life itself.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The lower San Francisco river had changed their hidrossedimentological behavior by changes in river channel through the impoundment of water reservoirs for the implementation of large hydropower projects. These direct impact on the stability of river banks, demands actions to mitigate the erosion resulting from soil mass movements. Soil bioengineering, which is a correct technique from the standpoint of ecological and aesthetic, makes use of biological knowledge for slope stabilization and banks of watercourses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of slope of São Francisco river throught physical parameters and development of vetiver grass composing the technique of soil bioengineering. Before the deployment of this biotechnique undisturbed samples of soil were collected and deformed to run the auger boreholes down to the water being removed layers representing the slope. Subsequent to sampling laboratory tests were performed allowing the characterization and identification of physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The experimental site studied was located on the Sergipe side of the lower course of the São Francisco river, has vertical slope, a decrease of margin collapse mass of soil and undermining the base with no riparian vegetation. For deployment of the biotechnique, at the experimental base of the slope technique was used to vegetated riprap with live cuttings of thrush (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth) and planting of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L (Roberty) with different levels of phosphorus and on top of slope sediment retainers were placed Bermalonga ®. The soil texture of the slope is closely related to susceptibility to erosion and the mechanical behavior of the same. The performance of the ongoing struggles of the water flow at its base promotes different values of moisture in the soil causing different levels of densities that change their mechanical properties by developing a dynamic behavior in the soil. The levels of phosphorus and developmental stages morphological parameters interact in shoot dry weight, root dry weight, fresh air, fresh root, root density, density of root length, root number, external surface, shoot length, root length. / O baixo curso do rio São Francisco teve seu comportamento hidrossedimentológico alterado pelas modificações no canal fluvial, através do represamento das águas para implantação de reservatórios de grandes projetos hidrelétricos. Estes impactaram diretamente na estabilidade das margens do rio, demandando ações de mitigação dos processos erosivos resultantes dos movimentos de massa de solo. A bioengenharia de solo, que é uma técnica correta do ponto de vista ecológico e estético, utiliza-se de conhecimentos biológicos para estabilização de encostas de terrenos e margens de cursos de água. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de talude da margem do rio São Francisco por meio de atributos físicos e desenvolvimento do capim vetiver compondo à técnica de bioengenharia de solos. Antes da implantação da biotécnica foram realizadas coletas de amostras indeformadas e deformadas de solo com execução de furos de sondagem a trado até o nível d água sendo retiradas camadas representativas do talude. Posteriormente, a coleta de amostras foram realizados ensaios laboratoriais possibilitando a caracterização e identificação das propriedades físicas e mecânicas do solo. O sítio experimental estudado está localizado na margem sergipana do baixo curso do Rio São Francisco, apresenta talude verticalizado, recuo de margem, desmoronamento de massa de solo e solapamento da base com ausência de vegetação ripária. Para implantação da biotécnica, na área experimental base do talude foi utilizada a técnica do enrocamento vegetado, com estacas vivas de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth) e plantio da gramínea vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L (Roberty) com diferentes doses de fósforo e no topo do talude foram colocados retentores de sedimento Bermalonga®. A granulometria do material do talude se mostrou intimamente relacionada com a suscetibilidade ao processo erosivo e com o comportamento mecânico do mesmo. A atuação dos embates da corrente fluvial permanente em sua base promove diferentes valores de umidade no solo provocando níveis diferentes de densidades que modificam suas propriedades mecânicas desenvolvendo um comportamento dinâmico no solo. Doses de fósforo aplicadas ao capim vetiver e os períodos de desenvolvimento morfológico interagiram nos parâmetros massa seca parte aérea, massa seca raíz, massa fresca aérea, massa fresca raiz, densidade de raíz, densidade de comprimento da raiz, numero de raíz, superficie externa, comprimento parte aérea, comprimento raíz.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-25T13:58:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Corandin, Eduardo Mazon.pdf: 1586087 bytes, checksum: a88d04d645e03b0daee5a9fb5d261156 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-26T11:16:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Corandin, Eduardo Mazon.pdf: 1586087 bytes, checksum: a88d04d645e03b0daee5a9fb5d261156 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T11:16:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Corandin, Eduardo Mazon.pdf: 1586087 bytes, checksum: a88d04d645e03b0daee5a9fb5d261156 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The use of frozen semen is a practice still little spread among the sheep producers and shows pregnancy results unsatisfactory. Because this the addition of antioxidant in the extenders to improve the sperm quality after your handing is the goal of many researchers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze in vitro effects of different concentrations of cysteine anti-oxidant in extenders on the sheep sperm storage fresh, cooled and frozen. After sperm sampling and the individual analysis, the semen of six-sheep were pooled and divided in equal aliquots to be diluted in PBS (fresh semen), Equimix® (cooled semen) or Bovimix® (frozen semen). For each of these groups were added cysteine in different concentrations 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM, so were made the respective experimental groups Control, Cys2.5, Cys5.0 and Cys7.5. The fresh semen was stored in room temperature during two hours, the cooled semen was stored among four to eight hours in 16ºC and the frozen semen was stored into liquid nitrogen. The analyzed variables to the fresh and cooled semen were motility, vigor, viability and mitochondrial potential of the spermatozoids. To the frozen semen, the parameters evaluated were the plasmatic and acrossomal membranes integrity, kinect by the computer system (CASA) and the mitochondrial potential. The group Cys7.5 showed the highest values of motility in the fresh semen (73.50%), however there was not different (p>0.05) than the group Cys5.0 in the cooled semen after four (68.00 vs 66.50%) and eight hours (57.00 vs 55.00%). For the frozen semen, the addition of 7.5 mM cysteine promoted the highest percentage of spermatozoids with integrate plasmatic membrane (23.2%), followed by the Cys5.0 group (20.0%), however there was not statistic different (p<0.05) among the group in the acrosomal integrity. The addition of cysteine in the frozen extender promoted increased in the capacity of mobility to the spermatozoa. There was not difference (p>0.05) among the groups Cys5.0 and Cys7.5 mM for the variables average-path (VAP), straight-line (VSL) and curvilinear velocity (VCL), however the concentration of 7.5 mM cysteine was more efficient in the protection of plasmatic membrane and increased the beat/cross frequency (BCF). / O uso de sêmen conservado é uma prática pouco difundida na ovinocultura nacional, e ainda apresenta resultados insatisfatórios de prenhez. Por isso, a adição de antioxidantes aos diluidores para preservar a qualidade seminal após sua manipulação tem sido alvo de muitas pesquisas. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito in vitro da adição de diferentes concentrações do antioxidante cisteína ao meio diluente no sêmen ovino mantido fresco, refrigerado e congelado. Após a colheita e análise individual, o sêmen de seis carneiros formaram um pool, iguais alíquotas deste foram diluídas em PBS (sêmen fresco), Equimix® (sêmen refrigerado) ou Bovimix® (sêmen congelado), e adicionado 0, 2.5, 5.0 e 7.5 mM de cisteína para formar os respectivos grupos experimentais: Controle, Cys2.5, Cys5.0 e Cys7.5. O sêmen fresco foi mantido em temperatura ambiente durante duas horas, o sêmen refrigerado permaneceu durante quatro e oito horas à 16°C e o sêmen congelado foi armazenado em nitrogênio líquido. As variáveis analisadas do sêmen fresco e refrigerado foram motilidade, vigor, viabilidade e potencial mitocondrial dos espermatozoides. Avaliaram-se no sêmen congelado a integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal, cinética espermática computadorizada e potencial mitocondrial. O grupo Cys7.5 apresentou os maiores valores de motilidade no sêmen fresco (73,50%), porém não diferiu (p>0,05) com o grupo Cys5.0 no sêmen refrigerado após quatro (68,00 vs 66,50%) e oito horas (57,00 vs 55,00%). No sêmen congelado, a adição de 7.5 mM de cisteína promoveu maior porcentagem de espermatozoides com a membrana plasmática íntegra (23,2%), seguido pelo grupo Cys5.0 (20,0%), más não houve diferença estatística (p>0,05) entre os grupos na integridade acrossomal. A adição de cisteína ao diluente de congelação promoveu aumento na capacidade de deslocamento dos espermatozoides. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) entre os grupos Cys5.0 e Cys7.5 para as variáveis velocidade de trajeto (VAP), velocidade retilínea (VSL) e velocidade curvilínea (VCL), porém a concentração de 7.5 mM de cisteína foi mais eficiente na proteção da membrana plasmática e promoveu maior frequência de batimento flagelar (BCF).