Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar att förebygga ohälsa och förhindra vårdskador. Trycksår är den vanligaste vårdskadan och tidig identifiering krävs för att förhindra livshotande komplikationer. Trycksår förekommer mer frekvent hos patienter med svart hud på grund av svårigheten att identifiera trycksår i ett tidigt skede. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans särskilda omvårdnadsåtgärder för att identifiera trycksår i ett tidigt stadie hos patienter med svart hud. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie. Sökningar i omvårdnadsinriktade databaser resulterade i åtta artiklar som analyserades genom latent innehållsanalys. Resultat: Tre kategorier identifierades: 1) Bedömning av hudfärg, 2) Bedömning av blanchering och hyperpigmentation, 3) Bedömning av hudtemperatur. Användning av Munsell Color Chart tillät en objektiv bedömning av patientens hudfärg. Bristen på kliniska bedömningsverktyg ledde till ett ökat behov av tydliga rutiner gällande hudbedömning. Alternativ ljuskälla och infraröd termometer samt palpering möjliggjorde trycksårsidentifiering innan visuella tecken uppstod. Slutsats: Litteraturstudien visade att sjuksköterskan behöver ökad kunskap och medvetenhet gällande trycksårsidentifiering på patienter med svart hud. Fortsatt forskning behövs för att utveckla specifika bedömningsverktyg anpassade för svart hud och möjliggöra tidig identifiering. / Background: Nurses have a responsibility to prevent illness and avoid care injuries. Pressure injuries are the most common care injury and early identification is needed to prevent complications. Pressure injuries occur in higher frequency in patients with black skin due to the difficulties in identification in an early stage. Aim: The aim was to describe specific nursing measures to help identify pressure injuries in an early stage in patients with black skin. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review. Searching in nurse-oriented databases resulted in eight articles that were analyzed through latent content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: 1) Evaluation of skin color, 2) Evaluation of blanching and hyperpigmentation, 3) Evaluation of skin temperature. The use of the Munsell Color Chart allowed an objective assessment of the patient’s skin color. The lack of clinical assessment tools lead to an increased need for clear procedures regarding skin assessment. An alternative light source, infrared thermography and palpation allowed pressure injury identification before visual signs appeared. Conclusion: The literature review showed that nurses need increased knowledge and awareness regarding pressure injury identification in patients with black skin. Further research is needed to develop specific assessment tools adapted for black skin and enable early identification.

Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This thesis argues that Ndi Sibiya, fictional writer and protagonist of the novel, Mating Birds by Lewis Nkosi develops a pathological obsession with Veronica Slater, a white woman for whose rape Sibiya is about to be executed. One of the many theorists that have commented on the effects of race on sexuality, particularly in colonized black people is Frantz Fanon. In Black Skin White Masks Fanon asks a question based on Freud’s question, “What does a woman want?” Fanon’s question is different in that he asks, what do black people want, which opens the way for a post-colonial psychoanalytical analysis of Ndi Sibiya. What he is concerned with in Black Skin White Masks is a post-colonial psycho-analytical evaluation of the state of being black in colonial societies. Nkosi does the same in his novel, whereas he deals with Apartheid South Africa as an extension of colonialism. Nkosi and Fanon are both addressing the broader psychological impact racially oppressive societies have on the black person’s psyche. Fanon in his psychoanalytical study of the black man from within the Freudian framework aims to save the man of colour from himself (9) by giving black people a warning that is not much different from the warning Sibiya’s father gives to him: do not lust after the white man’s woman.

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