The album Siembra (Fania 1978) by Rubén Blades and Willie Colón marked the arrival of Salsa consciente -- a strain of New York City Salsa inspired by the global youth revolution of 1968 and the cultural nationalism of the Afro-American Black Panthers and Puerto Rican Young Lords, which gave audible form to Latinidad -- the sociopolitical identity of Latinos in the U.S. and beyond. This dissertation analyzes the development of Salsa consciente as a musico-poetic movement that emerged in the mid 1970's and continued as a leading trend at least until 1991. This musical phenomenon expressed the ethnic consciousness of urban immigrants who came to feel that they all lived in una sola casa (one and the same house) or, in the same meta-barrio (urban meta-neighborhood or ghetto), a semiotically constructed abstract meeting space where Latino and Latin Americans interact through the lingua franca of politicized dance music. The style was catalyzed by performers such as Willie Colón, Ray Barretto, Cheo Feliciano, and Eddie Palmieri, following the intellectual lead of composers Rubén Blades and Catalino "Tite" Curet Alonso. The term consciente applied to Salsa evokes the idea of class consciousness in the Marxist sense (1971, cf. Lukacs' History and Class Consciousness) and/or an ethical conscience that rejects consumerist individualism in favor of social solidarity. The artists may have intentionally chosen ambiguity as a means of defying existing political labels. Spread through the media of vinyl records and commercial radio, Salsa consciente was rapidly embraced by communities of various national origins as the socio-musical signature of Latino ethnicity in New York and beyond (cf. Zea, 1986; Padilla 1989; Davila, 2002; Ramirez, 2002; Aparicio, 2003; Caminero-Santangelo, 2007). The genre and its context are documented here through fieldwork combined with textual and sonic analysis of representative tracks, which are linked for this purpose at www.salsaconsciente.wordpress.com.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND AERO. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by John Shaw. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1982. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Barker / Includes bibliographical references. / by Edward N. Marcus. / M.S.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Ocean Engineering. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Engineering. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.

The total wind power capacity installed in the world has substantially grown during the last few years, mainly due to the increasing number of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). Consequently, a big effort was employed to increase HAWT\'s power capacity, which is directly associated to the size of blades. Then, novel designs of blades may lead to very fexible structures, susceptive to large deformation, not only during extreme events, but also for operational conditions. In this context, this thesis aims to compare two geometrically nonlinear structural modeling approaches that handle large deformation of blade structures: 3D geometrically-exact beam and shell finite element models. Regarding the beam model, due to geometric complexity of typical cross-sections of wind turbine blades it is adopted a theory that allows creation of arbitrary multicellular cross-sections. Two typical blade geometries are tested, and comparisons between the models are done in statics and dynamics, always inducing large deformation and exploring the accuracy limits of beam models, when compared to shells. Results showed that the beam and shell models present very similar behavior, except when violations occur on the beam formulation hypothesis, such as when shell local buckling phenomena takes place. / A capacidade total de energia eólica instalada no mundo cresceu substancialmente nos últimos anos, principalmente devido ao número crescente de turbinas eólicas de eixo horizontal. Consequentemente, um grande esforço foi empregado com o intuito de aumentar a capacidade de produção das turbinas eólicas, que está diretamente associada ao tamanho das pás. Assim, surgiram projetos inovadores quanto à concepção de pás de turbinas eólicas levando a estruturas bastante flexíveis, susceptíveis a grandes deslocamentos, não apenas em eventos extremos, mas também em condições normais de operação. Nesse contexto, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo comparar duas abordagens de modelos estruturais geometricamente não-lineares capazes de lidar com grandes deslocamentos de pás de turbinas eólicas: elementos finitos geometricamente exatos 3D de vigas e cascas. Em relação ao modelo de viga, devido à complexidade geométrica das seções transversais típicas de pás de turbinas eólicas, adota-se uma teoria que permite a criação de seções transversais arbitrárias multicelulares. Duas geometrias de pás s~ao testadas e comparações entre os modelos s~ao feitas em análises estáticas e dinâmicas, sempre induzindo grandes deslocamentos e explorando os limites de precisão do modelo de viga, quando comparado ao modelo de cascas. Os resultados indicam que os modelos de viga e casca apresentam comportamento muito similar, exceto quando ocorrem violações em hipóteses do modelo de viga, tal como quando ocorre flambagem local do modelo de casca.

This dissertation is a technological study that deals with those techniques employed by the Gault Clovis people in the manufacture of both bifaces and blades. The materials studied were recovered during the 2000 and 2001 field seasons conducted by the Anthropology Department of Texas A&M University. The study involves an analysis that deals with raw material selection, blank production, reduction methods, and problems encountered, and includes a definitive description and metric calculations for each of the various artifact types analyzed. The results are then compared to similar artifact assemblages from known Clovis sites. The conclusions derived from this analysis show that the Gault Clovis people utilized a number of different strategies in both biface and blade reduction. It was found that some of these strategies, previously felt to be restricted to one reductive procedure, were connected and utilized in both procedures. In addition, it was discovered that some techniques thought to be limited to use only within the initial reduction sequence were, in fact, utilized throughout.

An experimental and numerical investigation of the flow and convective heat transfer distribution around a high turning angle gas turbine rotor blade has been carried out at the University of Kwa-Zulu, Durban campus. This study in gas turbine blade aerothermodynamics was done to meet the research and development requirements of the CSIR and ARMSCOR. The experimental results were generated using an existing continuously running supersonic cascade facility which offers realistic engine conditions at low operating costs. These results were then used to develop and validate a 2-D model created using the commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package, FLUENT. An initial phase of the study entailed a restoration of what was an unoperational experimental facility to a state capable of producing test simulation conditions. In the analysis, a 4-blade cascade system with provisions for an interchangeable, test blade was subjected to the steady state conditions set up by the facility. Firstly, the flow was characterised by evaluating the static pressures around the midspan of a pressure measurement test blade. This was done using two pressure transducers, a scanivalve, an upgraded data acquisition system and LABview software. The method for measuring the heat transfer distributions made use of a transient measuring technique, whereby a pre-chilled Macor test blade, instrumented with thin film heat flux gauges was rapidly introduced into the hot cascade flow conditions by displacing an aluminum dummy blade while still maintaining the flow conditions. Measurement of the heat flux and generation of the isothermal heat transfer co-efficient distributions entailed re-instrumentation of the test blade section with gauges of increased temperature sensitivity along with modifications of the associated electrical circuitry to improve on the quality of experimental data. Both the experimental flow and heat transfer data were used to validate the CFD model developed in FLUENT. An investigation into different meshing strategies and turbulence models placed emphasis on the choice of model upon correlation. The outcome of which showed the k -co model's superiority in predicting the flow at transonic conditions. A feasibility study regarding a new means of implementing a film cooled turbine test blade at the supersonic cascade facility was also successfully investigated. The study comprised of experimental facility modifications as well as cascade and blade redesigns, all of which were to account for the requirements of film cooling. The implementation of this project, however, demanded the resources of both time and money of which neither commodity was available. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.

No description available.

This research is concerned with a single crystal nickel-base superalloy which has been developed for application as a high pressure turbine blade material in jet aircraft engines. The microstructures and mechanical properties of superalloys, including the effects of heat-treatments, have been reviewed. The effects of heat-treatments on the γ' precipitate distributions have been investigated. During ageing at 900°C or 800°C, the precipitates adopt an irregular, rounded and highly interconnected microstructure, indicative of precipitate coalescence, whilst at higher ageing temperatures a regular cuboidal precipitate morphology is formed. The kinetics of precipitate coarsening have been investigated, and slight deviations from the power-law predicted by a number of theoretical models were observed. These deviations have been discussed in terms of a progressive transition in the dominant coarsening mechanism. Constant load creep tests were carried out, and although the tensile axis was nominally parallel to [001], the degree and direction of misorientation were found to be critical to the extent of the primary creep strain. Primary creep was shown to proceed by slip on a single (111)[112] system, until the activation of intersecting slip systems brings about the onset of the secondary creep stage. The extent of primary creep has been shown to be reduced by application of a final ageing treatment at 870°C. Precipitate shear by paired dislocations in intense slip bands occurs during high strain-rate deformation at both ambient temperature and at 750°C. Application of a final ageing treatment at 870°C was found to increase the 0.2% proof stress and to bring about the activation of an alternative mode of precipitate shear by dissociated dislocations. The 870°C ageing treatment was shown to cause slight chemical changes at the γ/γ' interfaces, and these are believed to have caused the observed changes in mechanical properties.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-133). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.