Self-compassion has recently been introduced to Western psychology literature and is defined as a kind, understanding, and nonjudgmental toward oneself (Neff, 2003a). While self-compassion has been conceptualized as a construct that is important to ones overall sense of self, it might also be relevant to more specific self-attitudes, including ones attitude toward the body. Body-related attitudes have received much attention from sport and exercise psychology researchers in kinesiology and it was anticipated that body self-compassion would be relevant to women who exercise, as women often exercise for body-related reasons. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of body self-compassion for young adult women who exercise and have experienced a change in their attitude toward their body over time; and to discover the essential structure of the womens experiences. <p>Five women between the ages of 23 and 28 years participated in this study. The women identified themselves as Caucasian and middle-class, were university students, and indicated that they exercised at least four times a week. Each woman participated in an individual interview in which she was asked to describe two instances where she experienced body self-compassion. The womens interviews were analyzed using an empirical phenomenology method (Giorgi, 1985; Giorgi & Giorgi, 2003) to identify the components of the womens stories that were essential to their experience of body self-compassion. A follow-up focus group discussion provided the women with the opportunity to offer feedback on the essential structures. Four essential structures emerged from these interviews: appreciating ones unique body, taking ownership of ones body, engaging in less social comparison, and body self-compassion as a dynamic process. A facilitating structure, the importance of others, also emerged. The findings of this study are generally consistent with Neffs (2003a) conceptualization of self-compassion as they reflect Neffs overall description of self-compassion without merely replicating the three components of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. <p>The findings of this study provide support for the exploration of more specific domains of self-compassion, such as the body. This study also makes a significant contribution to the body image literature, which has been criticized for being pathology-oriented and for focusing mainly on appearance-related attitudes (Blood, 2005; Grogan, 2006). This study explored a positive body attitude and highlighted the womens attitudes toward their physical capabilities in addition to their appearance. Further research is needed to develop the body self-compassion construct by exploring the generalizability of the essential structures that emerged in this study to broader populations.

Self-compassion has recently been introduced to Western psychology literature and is defined as a kind, understanding, and nonjudgmental toward oneself (Neff, 2003a). While self-compassion has been conceptualized as a construct that is important to ones overall sense of self, it might also be relevant to more specific self-attitudes, including ones attitude toward the body. Body-related attitudes have received much attention from sport and exercise psychology researchers in kinesiology and it was anticipated that body self-compassion would be relevant to women who exercise, as women often exercise for body-related reasons. The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of body self-compassion for young adult women who exercise and have experienced a change in their attitude toward their body over time; and to discover the essential structure of the womens experiences. <p>Five women between the ages of 23 and 28 years participated in this study. The women identified themselves as Caucasian and middle-class, were university students, and indicated that they exercised at least four times a week. Each woman participated in an individual interview in which she was asked to describe two instances where she experienced body self-compassion. The womens interviews were analyzed using an empirical phenomenology method (Giorgi, 1985; Giorgi & Giorgi, 2003) to identify the components of the womens stories that were essential to their experience of body self-compassion. A follow-up focus group discussion provided the women with the opportunity to offer feedback on the essential structures. Four essential structures emerged from these interviews: appreciating ones unique body, taking ownership of ones body, engaging in less social comparison, and body self-compassion as a dynamic process. A facilitating structure, the importance of others, also emerged. The findings of this study are generally consistent with Neffs (2003a) conceptualization of self-compassion as they reflect Neffs overall description of self-compassion without merely replicating the three components of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. <p>The findings of this study provide support for the exploration of more specific domains of self-compassion, such as the body. This study also makes a significant contribution to the body image literature, which has been criticized for being pathology-oriented and for focusing mainly on appearance-related attitudes (Blood, 2005; Grogan, 2006). This study explored a positive body attitude and highlighted the womens attitudes toward their physical capabilities in addition to their appearance. Further research is needed to develop the body self-compassion construct by exploring the generalizability of the essential structures that emerged in this study to broader populations.

The purpose of this study was to compare the relationship of body attitude to both dietary intake and selected personality characteristics. The study focused on the relationship between dietary intake and both body attitude and personality characteristics as well as differences in body attitude and personality characteristics between female college age lacrosse athletes, dance team members and controls. The subjects were 27 lacrosse players (mean age = 19.4 ± 1.1 y), 20 dance team members (mean age = 19.5 ± 1.4 y) and 64 non- athlete controls (mean age = 20.6 ± 1.5 y). Participants were administered the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitude Questionnaire, the Cognitive Behavioral Dieting Scale and a Silhouette Scale to assess body attitude and selected personality traits. Participants completed a 5-day diet record including 3 consecutive weekdays and 2 weekend days Group mean differences on body attitude and personality traits were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Post-hoc analyses were performed using the Tukey procedure and the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Relationships were determined between dietary intake, body attitude and personality traits utilizing the Pearson Product Moment Correlation procedures. Stepwise multiple regression techniques were utilized in the attempt to develop a valid and reliable prediction equation for dietary intake using body attitude and selected personality characteristics. Significant differences did exist between the athletic groups and the control group on interoceptive awareness, maturity fears, social insecurity, feelings of attractiveness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, bulimia, interpersonal distrust, dietary protein (g) intake, dietary fat (g) intake, dietary fiber (g) intake, and vitamin C (mg) intake. No significant differences were found between the lacrosse and dance team on dietary intake, body attitude or personality traits. Significant relationships did exist between dietary intake and body attitude measures in all three groups. In addition, significant relationships were also found to exist between body attitude measures and personality traits in all three groups. Five different prediction equations were generated using relationships from each individual group and then combined groups. The results of this study indicate that female athletes involved in both aesthetic and non-aesthetic sports, may be purposefully restricting total caloric intake as well as fat intake due to body image dissatisfaction during the competitive season. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-17T19:12:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 julianafernandesfilgueirasmeireles.pdf: 775389 bytes, checksum: ef056074bc566ca0a094c720ce87ba8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T15:10:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 julianafernandesfilgueirasmeireles.pdf: 775389 bytes, checksum: ef056074bc566ca0a094c720ce87ba8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T15:10:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 julianafernandesfilgueirasmeireles.pdf: 775389 bytes, checksum: ef056074bc566ca0a094c720ce87ba8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Durante a gestação, uma imagem corporal negativa é de particular importância, pois pode ter implicações graves para a saúde materna e infantil. Objetivo geral: Avaliar atitudes relacionadas à imagem corporal (atratividade, autodepreciação, gordura total, saliência do corpo, percepção de gordura na porção inferior do corpo e força e fitness) de gestantes na cidade de Juiz de Fora/MG. Métodos: Este estudo adotou multimétodos de investigação, quais sejam: quantitativo, descritivo, correlacional, transversal e longitudinal. Participaram da pesquisa, no total, 386 gestantes que realizavam o pré-natal nos setores público e privado da cidade de Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais (MG), entre 18 a 46 anos de idade (média de 29,32 ± 6,04 anos), sendo que 17 destas foram avaliadas longitudinalmente. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação foram: Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test - 26, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, a versão curta do Brazilian State-Trait Anxiety Inventory e questionário sociodemográfico. Ademais, foram coletados dados antropométricos e obstétricos. Resultados: 1) As atitudes relacionadas à imagem corporal de gestantes no primeiro trimestre foram similares aos daquelas no segundo e terceiro trimestre. Aquelas classificadas com maior IMC e alto risco gestacional apresentaram imagem corporal mais negativa. As variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas e obstétricas não influenciaram estatisticamente a variância das atitudes corporais. Apenas o IMC foi preditor significativo de aspectos da dimensão atitudinal da imagem corporal nas grávidas avaliadas. 2) As atitudes alimentares inadequadas, a baixa autoestima, os sintomas depressivos e o elevado IMC influenciaram as atitudes corporais negativas das gestantes avaliadas. Os resultados indicaram que 20,47% e 12,17% das participantes, respectivamente, apresentaram condutas alimentares deletérias à saúde e sintomas de depressão. 3) O IMC, as atitudes corporais negativas e o “sentimento de gordura” aumentaram progressivamente ao longo da gestação. As atitudes alimentares, os sintomas depressivos, a autoestima e a ansiedade estado não diferiram estatisticamente nos três momentos avaliados. Além disso, o IMC foi preditor das atitudes direcionadas ao corpo no primeiro trimestre, enquanto as atitudes alimentares no segundo e terceiro trimestre. Conclusão: São necessários estudos futuros que objetivem a criação de ferramentas avaliativas da imagem corporal de gestantes brasileiras. Isso tornaria possível uma maior compreensão das preocupações particulares relacionadas ao corpo nessa fase da vida da mulher, o que pode refletir no bem-estar e na saúde da mãe e bebê. / During pregnancy, a negative body image is of particular importance because can have serious implications for maternal and child health. General Objective: To evaluate attitudes related to body image (attractiveness, disparagement, feeling fat, salience, lower body fatness and strength and fitness) of pregnant women in the city of Juiz de Fora/MG. Methods: This study adopted multimethod research, namely: quantitative, descriptive, correlational, transversal and longitudinal. A total of 386 pregnant women who received prenatal care in the public and private sectors of the city of Juiz de Fora/Minas Gerais (MG), 18 to 46 years old (mean 29.32 ± 6.04 years old), and 17 of these took part in longitudinal study. The instruments used to evaluate were: Body Attitudes Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test-26, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the short version of the Brazilian State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and sociodemographic questionnaire. In addition, anthropometric and obstetric data were collected. Results: 1) The body attitudes of pregnant women in the first trimester were similar to those in the second and third trimester. Pregnant women classified with higher BMI and high gestacional risk showed higher negative body image. Socio-demographic, economic and obstetric variables did not statistically influence the variance of body attitudes. Only BMI was significant predictor of attitudinal dimension aspects of body image in pregnant woman. 2) Inadequate eating attitudes, low self-esteem, depressive symptoms and high BMI influenced the negative body attitudes of the pregnant women. The results indicated that 20.47% and 12.17% of participants, respectively, had inadequate eating attitudes and depressive symptoms. 3) BMI, negative body attitudes and the "feeling fat" increased progressively throughout pregnancy. Eating attitudes, depressive symptoms, self-esteem and anxiety state did not differ in these three conditions. In addition, BMI was a predictor of negative body attitudes in the first trimester, while inadequate eating attitudes in the second and third trimester. Conclusion: Studies are necessary aiming the creation of evaluative tools of body image of Brazilian pregnant women. This would make possible a greater understanding of the particular concerns related to the body at this stage of a woman's life, which may reflect the well-being and health of the mother and baby.

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Title: Kinesiotherapy in the treatment of patients with eating disorders Summary: The aim of our experiment was evaluate the effect of kineziotherapy (psychomotor therapy) on body image in the treatemnet of the patiens with eating disorders in The Department of Psychiatry on General University Hospital in Prague. The study included 10 women divided into two groups according to the psychiatrist`s diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The effectiveness of kinesiotherapy was also evaluated about the type of treatment - inpatient of the department for eating disorders and outpatient of the day care institution for eating disorders. We used a validated questionnaire Body Attitude Test (BAT) which is used for negative evaluation of body size, lack of familiarity with one`s own body and general body dissatisfaction. Then we used Test of silhouette according to Stunkard and Test for the evaluation of sensory stimuli according to Petrie. Due to the small sample size, we supplemented the quantitative part with the qualitative interview with open questions. It allowed us to understand the interaction of individuals with their own body. Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, kinesiotherapy, psychomotor therapy, body image, Body Attitude Test, Petrie`s test, Stunkard`s test of silhouette, structured...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental illnes manifesting itselg, among other signs, with impaired body schema and rejection of food. Principal focus of the thesis was to assess the discrimination treshold, ability to evaluate sensory perception and body self-concept in adolescent female patients hospitalised with anorexia nervosa. Our goal was to clarify and better understand the still not adequately described neurophysiological aspects of anorexia nervosa. The results were compared to control group; both groups comprised 18 girls, the average age of observed group being 14,7 ± 0,71 years and average age of control group being 15,3 ±0,71 years. Two-point discrimination was examined in three areas - arm, between shoulder blades and belly - with modified caliper. The Petrie test was used in sensory perception testing, while body self-concept was measured with BAT questionare. The examinations were performed in standardised conditions during similar day times. We found significant difference in two-point discrimination in the area between the shoulder blades with significance level α = 5 % and p-value p = 0,0001. A statistically significant difference was also observed in body self-concept with significance level α = 5 % and p-value p = 0,017. Thus we conclude that patients suffering from anorexia nervosa...

Title: Kinesiotherapy in the treatment of patients with eating disorders Summary: The aim of our experiment was evaluate the effect of kineziotherapy (psychomotor therapy) on body image in the treatemnet of the patiens with eating disorders in The Department of Psychiatry on General University Hospital in Prague. The study included 10 women divided into two groups according to the psychiatrist`s diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The effectiveness of kinesiotherapy was also evaluated about the type of treatment - inpatient of the department for eating disorders and outpatient of the day care institution for eating disorders. We used a validated questionnaire Body Attitude Test (BAT) which is used for negative evaluation of body size, lack of familiarity with one`s own body and general body dissatisfaction. Then we used Test of silhouette according to Stunkard and Test for the evaluation of sensory stimuli according to Petrie. Due to the small sample size, we supplemented the quantitative part with the qualitative interview with open questions. It allowed us to understand the interaction of individuals with their own body. Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, kinesiotherapy, psychomotor therapy, body image, Body Attitude Test, Petrie`s test, Stunkard`s test of silhouette, structured...