Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação de modelos analíticos de previsão da força de tração resistente para ligações parafusadas em chapas finas e perfis de aço formados a frio, de acordo com quatro especificações de projeto (ABNT NBR 14762:2010, ANSI AISI S100:2007-S, AS/NZS 4600:2005 e EUROCODE 3 Parte1.3:2010). O estudo envolveu 404 resultados experimentais de ligações parafusadas, sendo: 232 ligações em chapas finas, 104 ligações em cantoneiras e 68 ligações em perfis U, em que diversas configurações geométricas foram analisadas. No total 1616 análises de força resistente foram realizadas de modo que estatísticas da variável aleatória erro de modelo pudessem ser construídas. Dessa forma, a análise de erro de modelo consistiu da plotagem das probabilidades do erro de modelo, para que em seguida testes de aderência pudessem ser então aplicados de modo satisfatório, validando funções teóricas de distribuição de probabilidades para a representação da informação estatística dessa variável aleatória. Uma análise de regressão foi utilizada nas ligações parafusadas para descrever a variação do erro de modelo com a espessura da chapa e para descrever a incerteza de modelo. As análises realizadas mostraram que os modelos brasileiros e americanos conseguem prever, em média, a ruptura da seção líquida de maneira mais eficiente do que as outras especificações, pois utilizam coeficientes de redução da área líquida, e também apontam que todos os modelos apresentam uma grande variabilidade dos resultados em torno da média, o que faz com que a confiabilidade dos modelos seja prejudicada. A análise de confiabilidade, utilizada para avaliar o nível de segurança das especificações de projeto, incluiu o erro de modelo e outros parâmetros aleatórios como a resistência à ruptura do aço, ação permanente (D) e variável (L), totalizando 7092 análises em ligações parafusadas, revelando que a contribuição da variável aleatória erro de modelo na segurança dessas ligações é considerável, especialmente para razões de carregamento (Ln/Dn) entre 0,50 e 2,50. Cabe ainda observar que as especificações de projeto foram avaliadas de acordo com critérios de confiabilidade uniforme e suficiente, demonstrando que a uniformidade é alcançada de maneira mais fácil para as quatro especificações, para razões de carregamento (Ln/Dn) maiores que 2,0, e que a suficiência de segurança, na maioria das análises realizadas, não foi alcançada, principalmente para o modo de ruína de esmagamento da parede do furo, em que os índices de confiabilidade para as ligações situaram-se em torno de 2,0 a 2,5, abaixo do valor alvo de 3,5 estabelecido pelo AISI e 3,8 estabelecido pelo EUROCODE. Além disso, ao se tratar da ruptura da seção líquida, os modelos brasileiro, americano e australiano também não atingiram níveis desejáveis de segurança, contudo, fornecem probabilidades de falha bem abaixo das obtidas para o modo de ruína de esmagamento. Por fim, análises de sensibilidade revelaram que os parâmetros x/L e d/g, presentes nos modelos analíticos de previsão da ruptura da seção líquida, para a especificação brasileira e americana, não interferem na segurança estrutural das ligações. / This work presents an investigation of analytical models for predicting the tensile strength to bolted connections in thin sheets and cold-formed steel members, according to four design specifications (ABNT NBR 14762:2010, ANSI AISI S100:2007-S, AS/NZS 4600:2005 and Eurocode 3 Parte1.3:2010). The study involved 404 experimental results of bolted connections, as follows: 232 connections in thin sheets, 104 connections in angles and 68 connections in channels, in which various geometric configurations were analyzed. A total of 1616 strength analysis were performed so that statistics of the random variable model error could be constructed. Thus, the model error analysis consists of plotting the probability of error model, then for the adherence tests could then be applied satisfactorily validating theoretical functions of probability distribution for the statistical representation of random variable. A regression was used in bolted connections to describe the variation of the model error with the thickness of the sheet and to describe the model uncertainty. The analysis showed that the models can predict Brazilians and Americans, on average, net section fracture more efficiently than the other specifications, for use of coefficient of reduction of net area, and also note that all models showed a great variability of results around the mean, which makes the reliability of the models is affected. The reliability analysis used to assess the safety level of design specifications, included the model error and other random parameters such as tensile strength of steel, dead (D) and live (L) loads, totaling 7092 analysis on bolted connections, revealing that the contribution the random variable model error in the security of these connections is considerable, especially for load ratios (Ln/Dn) between 0.50 and 2.50. It should also be noted that the design specifications were evaluated according to sufficient and uniform reliability criteria showing that uniformity is achieved more easily for the four specifications, for load ratios (Ln/Dn) higher than 2.0, and that the sufficiency of security, most of the analysis, is not achieved, especially for the failure modes of bearing of the hole, in which the reliability index for the connections are located around 2.0 to 2.5, below the target value of 3.5 indicated by AISI and 3.8 indicated by EUROCODE. Furthermore, when dealing with the net section fracture, the models Brazilian, American and Australian also did not reach desirable levels of security, however, provided failure probabilities well below those obtained for the failure modes of bearing. Finally, sensitivity analysis revealed that the parameters x/L and d/g, present in the analytical models for predicting the net section fracture, the specification for Brazilian and U.S., do not affect the structural safety of the connections.

Devido à crescente demanda por perfis formados a frio destinados à fabricação de estruturas de aço no Brasil, aliada a desatualização da norma brasileira NB-143:1967, fez-se necessário a publicação de uma nova norma brasileira de \'Dimensionamento de Estruturas de Aço Constituídas por Perfis Formados a Frio\' a NBR14762:2001. Essa apresenta, para o dimensionamento das ligações, expressões adaptadas da norma norte-americana AISI:1996. As adaptações foram inseridas com o intuito de simplificar o cálculo e foram determinadas apenas por ajustes teóricos, faltando, portanto uma investigação mais criteriosa. Deste modo tornou-se prioritário o estudo das ligações em chapas e perfis com pequena espessura, para avaliação destas expressões propostas. Neste âmbito analisou-se neste trabalho o comportamento estrutural de ligações parafusadas em chapas e perfis formados a frio de pequena espessura, mediante análise teórica e experimental de corpos-de-prova, os quais foram definidos de maneira a se obter os diversos modos de falha, em especial a ruptura da seção líquida. Com os resultados experimentais pôde-se sugerir modificações nas expressões do coeficiente redutor da área líquida Ct, aplicado na avaliação da resistência ao estado limite de ruptura da seção líquida efetiva. Com os resultados desta pesquisa, espera-se colaborar com futuras edições da norma brasileira, fornecendo subsídios em suas futuras revisões. / The growing demand for cold-formed steel members of steel structures in Brazil, allied to the obsolescence of the brazilian NB-143:1967 standard, led to the need for a new brazilian code for the \'Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members\', the NBR14762:2001 standard. This new standard contains expressions adapted from the american AISI:1996 code for the design of connections. The adaptations were included with the purpose of simplifying the calculation and were determined merely for theoretical adjustments; hence, they lack a more careful investigation. It has thus become a matter of priority to study the connections in thin sheets and cold-formed members to evaluate the proposed expressions. The work reported on here therefore analyzed the structural behavior of bolted connections in thin sheets and cold-formed members based on theoretical and experimental analyses of test specimens, which were defined in order to obtain the various failure modes, particularly on sheet tearing in the net section. Based on the experimental results, suggestions are made for modifications in the expressions of the reduction coefficient of the net area Ct, applied in evaluations of the tensile strength of the effective net section. It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to future editions of the new brazilian code, supplying inputs for use in future revisions.

Este trabalho trata das falhas que podem ocorrer em uniões e juntas de materiais compósitos unidas mecanicamente por parafusos. O compósito de fibra de carbono (tecido) embutido em resina epoxy foi estudado neste trabalho devido ao amplo uso em estruturas de vários segmentos da indústria. O trabalho apresenta vários critérios de falha, demonstrando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um para materiais compósitos. A fabricação dos corpos de provas e os ensaios necessários para obtenção de parâmetros e validação de estruturas são descritos. A resistência da junta mostrou-se muito menor do que a da estrutura de compósito, demonstrando a importância de estudos assim. Criou-se um modelo numérico utilizando critérios de falhas como o critério de Hashin e o de máxima tensão. Os resultados da simulação de elementos finitos tiveram uma boa relação com os ensaios experimentais e o modelo foi então validado e considerado representativo. / This work shows failures that can occur in composite mechanically fastened joints. The composite carbon fiber embedded in epoxy resin, used in this study, was chosen due to it\'s wide use in structures of any segment of the industry. Many failure criteria, showing the advantages and disadvantages for each, regarding composite structures are presented in this work. Test specimens\' manufacturing is described along with required tests for parameter definition and structures validation. The countersunk fastened joint strength is much lower than the composite structure itself, demonstrating the necessity of studies like this. A numerical model using criteria like Hashin and maximum stress was created. The finite elements\' simulation results had a close response to the experimental results and the model was validated and considered representative.

Orientador: João Alberto Venegas Requena / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:48:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_RodrigoCuberos_D.pdf: 6229131 bytes, checksum: 7e5242e6a56caebc45c513aca2e6323e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um modelo de ligação inovador para emendas de perfis tubulares circulares, visando facilitar e baratear a montagem e fabricação das estruturas metálicas tubulares, além de proporcionar economia de tempo. A ligação estudada é composta por dois tubos externos submetidos à tração, conectados à um tubo interno, de diâmetro inferior aos tubos externos, por meio de parafusos alinhados que atravessam ambos os tubos externo e interno. Esta ligação pode ser utilizada como alternativa às ligações em flange, por ser mais simples e discreta. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre as prescrições de cálculo e publicações nacionais e internacionais referentes às ligações de perfis tubulares, não sendo encontrado nenhum processo de cálculo para as ligações tubulares em luva parafusada. Um modelo numérico da ligação foi desenvolvido com o programa de elementos finitos ANSYS v13.0, levando-se em consideração o contato entre os parafusos e os tubos. Esse modelo foi validado através da análise de resultados experimentais em escala real da ligação estudada. Os resultados numéricos e experimentais possibilitaram analisar o comportamento da ligação e seus modos de falha com as respectivas resistências. Com o modelo numérico validado, foi realizado um estudo paramétrico, permitindo compreender em detalhes quais os principais modos de falha da ligação, e quais os fatores que mais influenciam na sua resistência. Através desse estudo foi possível observar a necessidade de se levar em consideração no cálculo da resistência à ruptura da seção líquida, o coeficiente de redução da área líquida, Ct, para essa ligação, sendo proposto um processo para obtenção do mesmo, assim como da resistência da ligação à tração. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram o bom comportamento da ligação tubular em luva parafusada e a viabilidade de sua utilização submetida à tração, com parafusos alinhados / Abstract: This paper presents a study of an innovative connection model to splice circular hollow sections, which can be used for an easier and cheaper assembly and manufacture of tubular steel structures, besides providing time-saving. The proposed connection consists of two external tubes under tension, connected to an internal tube with smaller diameter than the external ones, and bolts passing by both tubes. This connection can be used as an alternative to flange connections, because it is simple and discreet. A bibliographic research on national and international codes and papers of tubular connections was carried out, and no design process for tubular bolted sleeve connections was found. A numerical model of the connection was developed with the finite element program ANSYS v13.0, considering the tubes and bolts contact. The numerical model was evaluated against experimental analyses results of the connection. The numerical and experimental results allowed the behavior analysis of this connection and its possible failure modes with their respective resistances. With the evaluated numerical model, a parametric study was carried out, allowing to understand the connection main failure modes, and what factors most influence their strength. With this study it was clear the need of the reduction coefficient, Ct, calculation for this connection, being proposed a process to determine the reduction coefficient and the tension strength for this connection. The results demonstrated the good behavior and feasibility of the tubular sleeve connection under tension, with bolts in line / Doutorado / Estruturas / Doutor em Engenharia Civil

La procédure d’évaluation des performances des structures en génie civil soumis à des tremblements de terre implique le développement des modèles mathématiques et des procédures d’analyse dynamique non-linéaire pour estimer les réponses sismiques. Le comportement hystérétique des structures est connu pour être fortement dépendante du modèle de l’assemblage. Dans le cas de chargement cyclique, la plastification cyclique, le phénomène de fatigue oligocyclique et la détérioration du comportement dus à la dégradation de rigidité ont été jugées importantes. Cela éventuellement conduit à une grande incertitude dans les réponses d’une structure. Dans ce contexte, un modèle d’endommagement basé sur la fatigue hystérétique est développé pour évaluer la performance sismique des ossatures en acier avec des assemblages boulonnés à plaque d’extrémité. Le modèle développé est un modèle hystérétique dégradant basé sur l’indicateur de dommage par fatigue oligocyclique. Une étude expérimentale du comportement d’un assemblage boulonné à plaque d’extrémité est réalisée pour analyser les effets du comportement en fatigue oligocyclique et pour développer un modèle de prédiction de durée de vie. Les essais de fatigue ont été effectués en utilisant un pot vibrant. Les résultats des essais expérimentaux de fatigue seront utilisés pour déduire les paramètres de la fatigue qui sont nécessaires pour développer le modèle hystérétique de l’assemblage boulonné. L’analyse des dommages sismiques est l’un des problèmes les plus difficiles dans des structures grandes et complexes, particulièrement celles en ossature avec des assemblages boulonnés à plaque d’extrémité. L’existence de dommages structuraux dans une structure conduit à la modification des modes de vibration et les valeurs propres globaux sont généralement sensibles à l’ampleur des dégâts sismiques locaux dans des assemblages boulonnés. Dans ce travail, une analyse temporelle non-linéaire qui tient compte des modes et des fréquences non-linéaires a été proposée. Selon cette approche, les modes et les fréquences non-linéaires peuvent être déterminés par une procédure itérative qui repose sur la méthode de linéarisation équivalente. L’introduction de la notion des modes non-linéaires a permis d’étendre la méthode de synthèse modale linéaire aux cas non-linéaires afin d’obtenir la réponse dynamique des systèmes non-linéaires. Dans un autre contexte expérimental, cette thèse présente les résultats d’essais sur une table vibrante. L’objectif des essais expérimentaux est de comprendre le comportement inélastique des structures en acier soumis à des charges dynamiques. Par ailleurs, ces essais sont également destinés à étudier les changements dans les paramètres modaux dus au développement du comportement élasto-plastique et du dommage par fatigue oligocyclique des assemblages boulonnés. Une simulation numérique non-linéaire du système est effectuée sur la base du modèle développé et l’approche numérique proposée. Une comparaison des résultats obtenus à partir de l’analyse numérique et ceux des essais de table vibrante est présentée. Cependant, l’analyse des dommages pour les ossatures en acier sous excitations sismiques aléatoires exige l’application d’un algorithme adéquat. Un algorithme a été développé pour évaluer la performance sismique des ossatures en acier. En utilisant cet algorithme, l’influence de la fatigue oligocyclique sur le comportement des assemblages boulonnés à plaques d’extrémité peut être étudiée. / The performance assessment procedure of civil engineering structures subjected to earthquakes involves the development of mathematical models and nonlinear dynamic analysis procedures to estimate seismic responses. The hysteretic behavior of structures was known to be strongly dependent on the connection model. In the case of cyclic loading, cyclic hardening, low cycle fatigue phenomena and deterioration of the behavior due to stiffness degradation were found to be important. This eventually led to high uncertainty in the responses of system. In this context, a Fatigue Damage-Based Hysteretic model is developed to evaluate the seismic performance of steel moment-resisting frames with end-plate connections. The developed model is a degrading hysteretic model based on the low cycle fatigue damage index. An experimental study of the behavior of a end-plate bolted connection is performed for analyzing the effects of low cycle fatigue behavior and developing a model for predicting life of end-plate bolted connection. The fatigue tests were conducted using a shaker. The experimental fatigue results will be used to derive the fatigue parameters that will be used to develop the hysteretic model of the bolted connection. Analysis of seismic damage is one of the most challenging problems in large and complex structures, particularly those in steel moment-resisting frame with end-plate bolted connections. The existence of structural damage in an engineering structure leads to the modification of vibration modes and global eigenvalues are usually sensitive to the degree of local damage seismic in bolted connections. In this work, a nonlinear time history analysis which takes into account nonlinear modes and frequencies was adopted. According to this approach, the nonlinear modes and frequencies can be determined by an iterative procedure which based on the method of equivalent linearization. The introduction of the notation of nonlinear modes permits an extension of the method of linear modal synthesis to nonlinear cases in order to obtain the dynamic response of nonlinear systems. In another experimental context, this thesis presents the results from shaking table tests of a two-story steel frame with end-plate bolted connections. The aim of the experimental tests is to understand the inelastic behavior of steel frame structures subjected to dynamic loads. Moreover, the purpose of these tests is also to study the changes in modal parameters due to the development of elasto-plastic behavior and low cycle fatigue damage in steel frame connections. A nonlinear numerical simulation of the system is performed based on the developed model and the proposed numerical approach. A comparison of the results obtained from numerical analysis and those of shake table testing is presented. However, the damage analysis for steel frames under random seismic excitations requires the application of an adequate algorithm. An algorithm was developed to assess the seismic performance of steel frames with bolted connections. Using this algorithm, the influence of low cycle fatigue damage in the behavior of end plate bolted connections can be studied.

Cette thèse a pour objectifs de développer une modélisation aussi fine que possible des structures aciers et mixtes acier-béton sous sollicitations cycliques avec prise en compte d'une part du comportement des assemblages et d'autre part des non-linéarités géométriques et du contact à l'interface acier-béton. Notre attention porte en particulier sur l'assemblage de type poutre acier/mixte sur poteau métallique par platine d'extrémité boulonnée. L'objectif étant de proposer un modèle «élément fini» d'assemblage qui reproduit aussi fidèlement que possible le comportement cyclique de ce dernier pour ensuite l'assembler à un élément fini de poutre non-linéaire acier ou mixte avec prise en compte, pour ce dernier, du soulèvement à l'interface. Le travail se compose de 3 parties distinctes. Un premier modèle qui se base sur la méthode des composantes a été développé ayant pour objectif de suivre la déformation de chaque composante au cours des cycles et de prendre en compte les non-linéarités induites par la séparation entre la platine d'extrémité et la semelle du poteau auquel elle est boulonnée. Ce modèle type composantes, a été développé pour une rangée de boulons. Dans le cas le plus fréquent, de deux rangées de boulons, une résistance de groupe (en plus des résistances individuelles de chacune des rangées) est susceptible de se développer. Pour rendre compte de ce phénomène, nous avons implanté le modèle proposé par Cerfontaine qui repose sur la définition d'une surface de charge et une règle d'écoulement associée pour déterminer les allongements des ressorts équivalents. Seul le cas de plasticité parfaite est considéré. Il est mis en évidence que l'influence de l'effet de groupe s'avère non négligeable sur le comportement post-élastique de l'assemblage et donc de la structure. Dans une seconde phase, nous proposons un modèle de poutre métallique classique en grands déplacements (approche co-rotationnelle) avec rotules généralisées aux extrémités. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que les déformations plastiques sont concentrées aux rotules dont le comportement plastique est contrôlé par une surface de charge asymétrique (anisotrope) qui peut prendre différentes formes selon la valeur donnée à un facteur q dit « facteur de forme». Chacune de ces rotules plastiques comprend un ressort longitudinal pour l'effort normal Net un ressort spiral pour le moment fléchissant M. L'interaction (M-N) entre ces deux efforts dans le domaine plastique est régie par le critère de plasticité. Le modèle de rotule plastique généralisé proposé permet de rendre compte de l'adoucissement cyclique, de la ductilité et du « pinching effect ».Nous montrons aux travers de plusieurs exemples la pertinence mais également les limites d'une telle approche. Dans une troisième partie, nous proposons un nouvel élément fini de poutre mixte (à 6 ddl par nœud) en petits déplacements avec prise en compte de la non-linéarité matérielle de la poutre ainsi que du contact entre l'acier et le béton. Une stratégie efficace de type nœud mobile (Flying Node) est proposée pour déterminer l'étendue de la surface de contact au sein d'un élément fini et d'adapter le maillage de l'élément poutre/poteau. Pour la résolution du problème de contact, la technique du Lagrangien Augmenté a été retenue. On montre que dans certaines situations, le soulèvement modifie la redistribution des efforts. / The goal of this thesis is to develop computational tools for the nonlinear analysis of steel and composite steel-concrete structures under cyclic loading taking into account the actual behaviour of joint, material and geometry non-linearities and contact conditions at the steel-to-concrete interface. In particular, our efforts focuses on typical bolted end-plate connection between steel or composite beam and steel column. The objective is to develop a new «joint finite element" able to reproduce accurately the cyclic behavior of the beam-to-column connection. Next this model is combined with a non-linear steel/composite beam element considering slip and possible uplift at the interface. The thesis consists of three major parts. The first part deals with the behavior of a steel beam-to-column bolted end-plate connection under arbitrarily cyclic loading. The proposed model is based on an improved component method that closely follows the deformation of each component taking into account non-linearities induced by possible gap between the column flange and the end-plate. This model has been developed for a single row connection. In the case of multiple row bolted connection group effects may develop. Possible group effect between two bolt-rows has been implemented considering the model proposed by Cerfontaine based on the definition of the multi-surface yield criterion and the associated flow rule that govern deformation of equivalent springs. Only the case of perfect plasticity is considered. It is shown that the influence of the group effect is not negligible on the nonlinear response of the joint. In the second part, we have developed a flexible co-rotational two-noded beam with generalized elasto-plastic hinges at the beam ends. It is assumed that plastic deformations concentrate at these hinges. These hinges have the ability to elongate/shorten along the beam axis and to rotate. A family of asymmetric and convex yield surfaces of super-elliptic shape is considered for the plastic behavior of the hinges. By varying the roundness factor, an infinite nun1ber of yield surface are obtained. It is shown that the nonlinear response of bolted connections subjected to both bending and tension are conveniently modeled with such a yield surface. It was observed that cyclic loading produces pinching effect, cyclic softening and ductile behavior. Advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed. Finally, the third part is dedicated to the problem of contact at the interface of steel-concrete composite beams. A "new" finite element for composite steelconcrete beam is proposed. The beam element has 6 degrees of freedom per node. The concrete beam is allowed to separate from the steel beam. An efficient contact algorithm is proposed. The Flying node concept is introduced and used to determine the extent of the contact area within a single element and modify the mesh of the beam structure. The contact problem is solve using the Augmented Lagrangian Method. The influence of contact on the loading capacity of the beam and its influence on some design variables are highlighted.

Devido à crescente demanda por perfis formados a frio destinados à fabricação de estruturas de aço no Brasil, aliada a desatualização da norma brasileira NB-143:1967, fez-se necessário a publicação de uma nova norma brasileira de \'Dimensionamento de Estruturas de Aço Constituídas por Perfis Formados a Frio\' a NBR14762:2001. Essa apresenta, para o dimensionamento das ligações, expressões adaptadas da norma norte-americana AISI:1996. As adaptações foram inseridas com o intuito de simplificar o cálculo e foram determinadas apenas por ajustes teóricos, faltando, portanto uma investigação mais criteriosa. Deste modo tornou-se prioritário o estudo das ligações em chapas e perfis com pequena espessura, para avaliação destas expressões propostas. Neste âmbito analisou-se neste trabalho o comportamento estrutural de ligações parafusadas em chapas e perfis formados a frio de pequena espessura, mediante análise teórica e experimental de corpos-de-prova, os quais foram definidos de maneira a se obter os diversos modos de falha, em especial a ruptura da seção líquida. Com os resultados experimentais pôde-se sugerir modificações nas expressões do coeficiente redutor da área líquida Ct, aplicado na avaliação da resistência ao estado limite de ruptura da seção líquida efetiva. Com os resultados desta pesquisa, espera-se colaborar com futuras edições da norma brasileira, fornecendo subsídios em suas futuras revisões. / The growing demand for cold-formed steel members of steel structures in Brazil, allied to the obsolescence of the brazilian NB-143:1967 standard, led to the need for a new brazilian code for the \'Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members\', the NBR14762:2001 standard. This new standard contains expressions adapted from the american AISI:1996 code for the design of connections. The adaptations were included with the purpose of simplifying the calculation and were determined merely for theoretical adjustments; hence, they lack a more careful investigation. It has thus become a matter of priority to study the connections in thin sheets and cold-formed members to evaluate the proposed expressions. The work reported on here therefore analyzed the structural behavior of bolted connections in thin sheets and cold-formed members based on theoretical and experimental analyses of test specimens, which were defined in order to obtain the various failure modes, particularly on sheet tearing in the net section. Based on the experimental results, suggestions are made for modifications in the expressions of the reduction coefficient of the net area Ct, applied in evaluations of the tensile strength of the effective net section. It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to future editions of the new brazilian code, supplying inputs for use in future revisions.

Este trabalho trata das falhas que podem ocorrer em uniões e juntas de materiais compósitos unidas mecanicamente por parafusos. O compósito de fibra de carbono (tecido) embutido em resina epoxy foi estudado neste trabalho devido ao amplo uso em estruturas de vários segmentos da indústria. O trabalho apresenta vários critérios de falha, demonstrando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um para materiais compósitos. A fabricação dos corpos de provas e os ensaios necessários para obtenção de parâmetros e validação de estruturas são descritos. A resistência da junta mostrou-se muito menor do que a da estrutura de compósito, demonstrando a importância de estudos assim. Criou-se um modelo numérico utilizando critérios de falhas como o critério de Hashin e o de máxima tensão. Os resultados da simulação de elementos finitos tiveram uma boa relação com os ensaios experimentais e o modelo foi então validado e considerado representativo. / This work shows failures that can occur in composite mechanically fastened joints. The composite carbon fiber embedded in epoxy resin, used in this study, was chosen due to it\'s wide use in structures of any segment of the industry. Many failure criteria, showing the advantages and disadvantages for each, regarding composite structures are presented in this work. Test specimens\' manufacturing is described along with required tests for parameter definition and structures validation. The countersunk fastened joint strength is much lower than the composite structure itself, demonstrating the necessity of studies like this. A numerical model using criteria like Hashin and maximum stress was created. The finite elements\' simulation results had a close response to the experimental results and the model was validated and considered representative.

This master thesis deals with design of a load-bearing steel structure, i tis located in ZOO Zlín areal. The building serves as a glasshouse. It is a single-storey building with circle plan, 39,04 m diameter and 15,63 m height. Space construction follows spherical cap of a sphere with diameter 40 m. Variant A building is design as a fuller dome. Variant B building consists of hexagons, which are getting smaller with height, at the upper part is the hexagonal geometry cancelled and geometry made from triangles follows. This thesis contains design of a pedestrian bridge, which carries all technical loads. The thesis contains static report of the beams a design of main joints.

The object of the diploma thesis is the design and the assessment of the steel structure for rally team base in Napajedla, which contains the space for the administration and the space for the service hall. The overall ground plan proportions of the structure are 30 x 26 metres. The structure for administration is the four-storey building. The ground plan proportions of this structure are 30 x 12 metres and the height is 14.5 metres. The ground floor grid of the main load-bearing structure is 6 x 6 metres. The height of the one floor of the structure is 3.5 metres. The structure of ceilings and roof is designed like composite steel and concrete structure. All joints of the steel structure for administration are designed like bolted joints. The spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured by vertical wall truss bracings and by the rigidity of composite steel and concrete structure of ceillings and roof. To the structure for the administration is connected structure for the service hall. The ground plan proportions of this structure are 30 x 14 metres and the height is 10.5 metres. The main structure of the structure for service hall is frame with the rigid joint in the corner of the frame. The axial distance of the main structures is 6 metres. All joints including the rigid joint in the corner of the frame of the steel structure for service hall are designed like bolted joints. The spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured by vertical wall truss bracings and horizontal roof truss bracings. The whole structure is designed of steel S355.