Extraction of mangrove bark with 4.0% aqueous sodium sulfite and 0.4% aqueous sodium carbonate at 100° and 2 hours gives 24-26% yields compared with extraction by water at 70° for 2 hours which gives 21%. The hot water extracts are more acidic (pH 3.6) than is the sulfite extract (pH 5.6); both are reasonably reactive toward formaldehyde (Stiasny number 70.6 using water and 85.4 using aqueous sulfite-carbonate). The ¹³C NMR spectra of <I>R. mucronata </I>shows this tannin to have phloroglucinolic A-rings with hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and pyrogallolic B-rings with hydroxy groups at C-3', C-4', and C-5'. The interflavanoid linkages are C-4→C-8 and C-4→C-6. The ¹³C NMR spectra also indicate the presence of a considerable amount of carbohydrate which is shown to be mainly rhamnose, glucose, arabinose, and uronic acids. Sulfitation of <I>R. mucronata </I>bark reduces the total carbohydrate and the rhamnose extracted but increases the amount of arabinose and uronic acids. The bark storage period has significant effects on the pH and the reactivity of the aqueous tannin solution. Barks stored for <4 weeks produce higher extraction yields than those stored for > 6 weeks and contain significantly larger amount of reactive tannin and have shorter gel times. The reactivity of bark extracts towards formaldehyde can be controlled either by limiting the duration of bark storage to 4 weeks or by maintaining the aqueous tannin solution at pH <10.0. The aqueous tannin solution from <I>R. mucronata </I>exhibited properties such as viscosity, solubility and tackiness which were superior to those from the <I>R. apiculata </I>extract while the mixed <I>R. mucronata-R. apiculata </I>aqueous tannin solution had properties in between these. These barks could be used singly or together as a source of tannin without the bond strength of the resulting glued joints being significantly affected. The "honeymoon" bonding technique improved the bond strengths of joints made using sulfited tannin but is suitable only for tannin solutions containing > 4% aqueous sodium hydroxide. The viscosity of sulfited tannin adhesives is influenced by (a) the amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the aqueous tannin solution, and (b) the lapse time, i.e. the period between the addition of sodium hydroxide to the aqueous tannin solution and the addition of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) resin, hardener, and paraformaldehyde. The present study shows that with the addition of 5% w/w sodium hydroxide and at a curing temperature of 40° the sulfited tannin extracts from the bark of mangrove trees can replace about 50% w/w of the PRF resin in cold-setting wood adhesives with the production of bond strengths comparable to those produced by 100% PRF resin.

Orientador: Darcy Flavio Nouer, Simonides Consani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T02:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdrighi_HeloisaCristina_D.pdf: 2776014 bytes, checksum: e51a23872c56c05e6ae98411da802807 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento da resina composta e do cimento de ionômero de vidro na fixação de diferentes tipos - de bráquetes metálicos (Morelli, Abzil-Lancer, Dentaurum e GAC). Foram utilizados 120 pré-molares humanos. As faces vestibulares de 80 prémolares receberam condicionamento ácido e os bráquetes foram fixados utilizando Concise Ortodôntico e Transbond XT, enquanto em outros 40 prémolares, os bráquetes foram fixados com Fuji Ortho LC. As amostras foram armazenadas em solução de soro fisiológico a 0,9% a 37°C por 24 horas. Em seguida, foram submetidas ao teste de resistência ao cisalhamento em uma máquina Instron, com velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Associando sistemas adesivos aos respectivos bráquetes, os resultados mostraram que: a) com o Concise ortodôntico, a resistência (kgf/mm 'POT. 2¿)do bráquete GAC (1,698) foi significantemente maior que os bráquetes Abzil-Lancer (1,353), Dentaurum (1,293) e Morelli (0,828), que apresentou a menor média; b) com o Transbond XT, observou-se que os bráquetes Dentaurum (1,082) e GAC (1,225) apresentaram médias significantemente maiores do que os bráquetes Morelli (0,583) e Abzil-Lancer (0,621); e, c) com o Fuji Ortho LC, não foram observadas diferenças entre as médias dos diferentes bráquetes testados (Morelli=0,301, Abzil-Lancer=0,309, Dentaurum 0,230 e GAC=0,338). Os autores concluíram que o Concise Ortodôntico apresentou maiores valores de resistência ao cisalhamento, seguidos do Transbond XT e Fuji Ortho LC. O bráquete GAC apresentou maior resistência em todos os materiais e o bráquete Morelli a menor resistência / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of composites and glass ionomer cement of different metallic brackets bonding (Morelli, Abzil-Lancer, Dentaurum e GAC). One hundred and twenty human premolars were used. For eighty premolars, the vestibular faces were etched and were bonded to enamel surface using Concise Ortho and Transbond XT, whereas in others forty premolars the brackets were bonded with Fuji Ortho LC in the vestibular faces without acid etching. All samples were stored in fisiologic solution 0,9% at 37°C for 24 hours. Afier the sample were submitted to shear bond strength in an Instron at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Associating adhesives systems to respective brackets, the data indicated that: a) with Concise Ortho, the strengths (kgt/mm¿POT. 2¿) of GAC bracket (1.698) was significant1y higher than Abzil-Lancer (1.353), Dentaurum (1.293) and Morelli (0.828) brackets; b) with Transbond XT, Dentaurum (1.082) and GAC (1.225) brackets showed average higher than Morelli (0.583) and Abzil-Lancer (0.621); and, c) with Fuji Ortho LC, it wasn't showed difference between the average of different brackets tested (Morelli=0.301, Abzil-Lancer=0.309, Dentaurum 0.230 and GAC=0.338). The authors concluded that the Concise Ortho showed highest shear bond strength values followed by Transbond XT and Fuji Ortho LC. The GAC bracket showed higher strength in alI adhesives systems and the Morelli bracket the lowest strength / Doutorado / Doutor em Ortodontia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gois_am_me_arafo.pdf: 658823 bytes, checksum: 0abf0aa96e870eb9a4ad26842cbc521f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este estudo avaliou a resistência adesiva de microtração em reparos de resinas compostas, novas e envelhecidas, após tratamento da superfície usando irradiação a laser de Er: YAG, ponta diamantada e abrasão a ar. 36 blocos de resina composta híbrida Z100 (3M) com 5mm de comprimento e 6 mm de lado foram confeccionados com auxílio de uma matriz. Metade desses blocos foram reparados após 24 horas, e a outra metade foi reparada após envelhecimento artificial com luz ultravioleta. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 6 subgrupos e as superfícies experimentais foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos: (G1) desgaste com ponta diamantada; (G2) jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 60 mm; (G3) ablação com laser de Er: YAG a um nível de energia de 100mJ; (G4) ablação com laser de Er:YAG a um nível de energia de 200mJ; (G5) ablação a laser de Er:YAG a um nível de energia de 300mJ; (G6) controle- ausência de tratamento de superfície. Após tratamento da superfície, o agente adesivo (Single Bond 3M) foi aplicado e os blocos foram reparados com a resina composta Point4 (KERR). Reparados, os blocos foram seccionados em espécimes de 1.0 mm2. A resistência adesiva de microtração foi medida em uma máquina de teste universal MTS. No grupo que foi reparado 24 horas após, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na resistência adesiva interfacial entre os subgrupos. No grupo que foi envelhecido, os subgrupos G1 e G3 tiveram as maiores médias de resistência adesiva de reparo. Significantemente, os menores valores foram achados para os subgrupos G2 e G6. As médias da resistência adesiva de reparo foram estatisticamente similares para G3, G4 e G5. O exame em SEM indicou que a fratura adesiva foi o tipo predominante de falha. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que os maiores valores de resistência adesiva foram achados para o desgaste da superfície com... . / This study assessed the microtensile bond strengths of composite repairs, new and aged, after surface treatments, using Er:YAG laser irradiation, diamond bur and air abrasion. 36 blocks of hybrid composite resin Z100 (3M) with 5.0 mm length and 6.0 mm of side were made in mold. Half of these blocks were repaired after 24 hr and the other half was aged in an artificial aging chamber with exposure to a total ultraviolet irradiation. Each group was then divided into six subgroups and the experimental surface was exposed to a different treatment: (G1) grinding with diamond burs; (G2) air-abraded with 60mm aluminum oxide particles; (G3) ablation with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 100 mJ; (G4) ablation with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 200 mJ; (G5) ablation with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 300 mJ; (G6) controle - with no surface treatment. After the resin treatment on the surface, the bonding agent (Single bond, 3M) was applied and the blocks were repaired with the resin Point4 (Kerr) composite. Repaired, the blocks were sectioned into specimens (stick) of 1.0 mm2. Microtensile bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine MTS. The group repaired after 24 hours did not present statistically significant differences on interfacial bond strengths between the subgroups. On the aged group, the subgroups G1 and G3 presented the highest mean of repairing bond strenght. Significant lower values were found for subgroups G2 and G6 .The mean of repairing bond strenght was statistically similar for G3, G4 and G5. SEM examination indicated that adhesive failure was the predominant mode of failure. The results of this study indicate that the highest bond values were achieved by grinding the surface with diamond burs and ablating the surface with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 100mJ... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_crb_me_arafo.pdf: 1243419 bytes, checksum: 9b17396cab68dbc46f7018d3bc8aec44 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o procedimento de hibridização imediata em restaurações indiretas de resina composta. A hipótese nula foi duplicada: os resultados dos adesivos de condicionamento total e auto-condicionante são similares; e a hibridização imediata produz microinfiltração e resistência adesiva similares à cimentação convencional. Foram selecionados 20 terceiros molares humanos recém extraídos e isentos de cárie, nos quais foram realizados preparos cavitários MOD, padronizados para restaurações indiretas. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos experimentais: (G1) hibridização com adesivo de condicionamento total (SB, Single Bond, 3M ESPE) imediatamente após o preparo cavitário e antes da cimentação, (G2) hibridização com adesivo de condicionamento total antes da cimentação (SB), (G3) hibridização com adesivo auto-condicionante (AP, Adper Prompt, 3M ESPE) imediatamente após o preparo cavitário e antes da cimentação, (G4) hibridização com adesivo auto-condicionante (AP) antes 157 da cimentação. Os espécimes foram restaurados com inlays de Targis (Ivoclar/Vivadent), cimentados com cimento resinoso Rely X ARC (3M ESPE). Todos produtos foram manipulados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Após termociclagem, os espécimes foram imersos em solução de nitrato de prata 50%, seccionados para avaliação da microinfiltração com escores pré-determinados de 0 a 3. Em seguida, os espécimes foram novamente seccionados com 0,8mm x 0,8mm para realização dos testes de microtração. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (p<0,05). Os escores da microinfiltração foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney indicando nenhuma diferença na técnica de hibridização (p>0,05). Os resultados da microtração foram submetidos à análise de variância que revelou... . / An analysis was carried out to determine the behavior of immediate hybridization on indirect composite resin restorations. The null hypothesis was two fold: were whether total etch or self-etch (SEA) adhesives result in similar; and whether immediate hybridization produces similar microleakage and æTBS than conventional cementation. Twenty sound extracted teeth were selected and 20 standardized MOD inlay preparations were made. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned in four experimental groups: (G1) hybridization with total-etch adhesive (SB, Single Bond, 3M ESPE) immediately after preparation and prior cementation, (G2) hybridization with total-etch adhesive prior cementation (SB), (G3) hybridization with SEA (AP, Adper Prompt, 3M ESPE) immediately after preparation and prior cementation; and (G4) hybridization with SEA (AP) prior cementation. The specimens were restored with Targis (Ivoclar/Vivadent) inlays, cemented with composite resin cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE). All products were used according with manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were 160 thermocycled and immersed in 50%w/w silver nitrate. The specimens were sectioned and the microleakage evaluated with predetermined scores (0-3). Then, the specimens were sectioned in 0,8mm x 0,8mm and æTBS tested in a MTS-810 machine. The obtained data were submmited to statistical analysis (p< .05). The microleakage scores were submmited to Mann-Whitney non-parametric test showing no statistical differences among the adhesives and technique (p> .05). The æTBS results submitted to ANOVA parametric test reveled that G1 performed better than G2, and G3 superior to G4. The null hypotheses were partially rejected. None of the adhesives eliminate microleakage. Hybridization immediately after the preparation is done and before cementation improved the bond strengths with... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: Marcelo Ferrarezi de Andrade / Banca: Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato / Banca: José Eduardo Pelizon Pelino / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a resistência adesiva de microtração em reparos de resinas compostas, novas e envelhecidas, após tratamento da superfície usando irradiação a laser de Er: YAG, ponta diamantada e abrasão a ar. 36 blocos de resina composta híbrida Z100 (3M) com 5mm de comprimento e 6 mm de lado foram confeccionados com auxílio de uma matriz. Metade desses blocos foram reparados após 24 horas, e a outra metade foi reparada após envelhecimento artificial com luz ultravioleta. Cada grupo foi subdividido em 6 subgrupos e as superfícies experimentais foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos: (G1) desgaste com ponta diamantada; (G2) jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 60 mm; (G3) ablação com laser de Er: YAG a um nível de energia de 100mJ; (G4) ablação com laser de Er:YAG a um nível de energia de 200mJ; (G5) ablação a laser de Er:YAG a um nível de energia de 300mJ; (G6) controle- ausência de tratamento de superfície. Após tratamento da superfície, o agente adesivo (Single Bond 3M) foi aplicado e os blocos foram reparados com a resina composta Point4 (KERR). Reparados, os blocos foram seccionados em espécimes de 1.0 mm2. A resistência adesiva de microtração foi medida em uma máquina de teste universal MTS. No grupo que foi reparado 24 horas após, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na resistência adesiva interfacial entre os subgrupos. No grupo que foi envelhecido, os subgrupos G1 e G3 tiveram as maiores médias de resistência adesiva de reparo. Significantemente, os menores valores foram achados para os subgrupos G2 e G6. As médias da resistência adesiva de reparo foram estatisticamente similares para G3, G4 e G5. O exame em SEM indicou que a fratura adesiva foi o tipo predominante de falha. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que os maiores valores de resistência adesiva foram achados para o desgaste da superfície com... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: This study assessed the microtensile bond strengths of composite repairs, new and aged, after surface treatments, using Er:YAG laser irradiation, diamond bur and air abrasion. 36 blocks of hybrid composite resin Z100 (3M) with 5.0 mm length and 6.0 mm of side were made in mold. Half of these blocks were repaired after 24 hr and the other half was aged in an artificial aging chamber with exposure to a total ultraviolet irradiation. Each group was then divided into six subgroups and the experimental surface was exposed to a different treatment: (G1) grinding with diamond burs; (G2) air-abraded with 60mm aluminum oxide particles; (G3) ablation with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 100 mJ; (G4) ablation with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 200 mJ; (G5) ablation with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 300 mJ; (G6) controle - with no surface treatment. After the resin treatment on the surface, the bonding agent (Single bond, 3M) was applied and the blocks were repaired with the resin Point4 (Kerr) composite. Repaired, the blocks were sectioned into specimens (stick) of 1.0 mm2. Microtensile bond strength was measured in a universal testing machine MTS. The group repaired after 24 hours did not present statistically significant differences on interfacial bond strengths between the subgroups. On the aged group, the subgroups G1 and G3 presented the highest mean of repairing bond strenght. Significant lower values were found for subgroups G2 and G6 .The mean of repairing bond strenght was statistically similar for G3, G4 and G5. SEM examination indicated that adhesive failure was the predominant mode of failure. The results of this study indicate that the highest bond values were achieved by grinding the surface with diamond burs and ablating the surface with an Er: YAG laser under the energy level of 100mJ... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Mestre

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o procedimento de hibridização imediata em restaurações indiretas de resina composta. A hipótese nula foi duplicada: os resultados dos adesivos de condicionamento total e auto-condicionante são similares; e a hibridização imediata produz microinfiltração e resistência adesiva similares à cimentação convencional. Foram selecionados 20 terceiros molares humanos recém extraídos e isentos de cárie, nos quais foram realizados preparos cavitários MOD, padronizados para restaurações indiretas. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos experimentais: (G1) hibridização com adesivo de condicionamento total (SB, Single Bond, 3M ESPE) imediatamente após o preparo cavitário e antes da cimentação, (G2) hibridização com adesivo de condicionamento total antes da cimentação (SB), (G3) hibridização com adesivo auto-condicionante (AP, Adper Prompt, 3M ESPE) imediatamente após o preparo cavitário e antes da cimentação, (G4) hibridização com adesivo auto-condicionante (AP) antes 157 da cimentação. Os espécimes foram restaurados com inlays de Targis (Ivoclar/Vivadent), cimentados com cimento resinoso Rely X ARC (3M ESPE). Todos produtos foram manipulados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Após termociclagem, os espécimes foram imersos em solução de nitrato de prata 50%, seccionados para avaliação da microinfiltração com escores pré-determinados de 0 a 3. Em seguida, os espécimes foram novamente seccionados com 0,8mm x 0,8mm para realização dos testes de microtração. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (p<0,05). Os escores da microinfiltração foram submetidos ao teste de Mann-Whitney indicando nenhuma diferença na técnica de hibridização (p>0,05). Os resultados da microtração foram submetidos à análise de variância que revelou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: An analysis was carried out to determine the behavior of immediate hybridization on indirect composite resin restorations. The null hypothesis was two fold: were whether total etch or self-etch (SEA) adhesives result in similar; and whether immediate hybridization produces similar microleakage and æTBS than conventional cementation. Twenty sound extracted teeth were selected and 20 standardized MOD inlay preparations were made. The prepared teeth were randomly assigned in four experimental groups: (G1) hybridization with total-etch adhesive (SB, Single Bond, 3M ESPE) immediately after preparation and prior cementation, (G2) hybridization with total-etch adhesive prior cementation (SB), (G3) hybridization with SEA (AP, Adper Prompt, 3M ESPE) immediately after preparation and prior cementation; and (G4) hybridization with SEA (AP) prior cementation. The specimens were restored with Targis (Ivoclar/Vivadent) inlays, cemented with composite resin cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE). All products were used according with manufacturer's instructions. The specimens were 160 thermocycled and immersed in 50%w/w silver nitrate. The specimens were sectioned and the microleakage evaluated with predetermined scores (0-3). Then, the specimens were sectioned in 0,8mm x 0,8mm and æTBS tested in a MTS-810 machine. The obtained data were submmited to statistical analysis (p< .05). The microleakage scores were submmited to Mann-Whitney non-parametric test showing no statistical differences among the adhesives and technique (p> .05). The æTBS results submitted to ANOVA parametric test reveled that G1 performed better than G2, and G3 superior to G4. The null hypotheses were partially rejected. None of the adhesives eliminate microleakage. Hybridization immediately after the preparation is done and before cementation improved the bond strengths with... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Orientador: Sillas Luiz Lordelo Duarte Júnior / Coorientador: José Roberto Cury Saad / Banca: Welingtom Dinelli / Banca: Marcos Ribeiro Moysés / Mestre

This body of research investigated the bonding efficiency of self-etching primer adhesives to enamel and dentine with various surface characteristics. A series of preliminary experiments was carried out to determine the effect of operator experience, dentine tubule orientation, bond strength test method and resin composite material used on bond strengths. The results of the preliminary tests concluded that it is essential to develop skills in material handling and the test methods used; 2-step self-etching primer adhesives exhibit higher but more variable microshear bond strengths (µSBS) than ‘all-in-one’ adhesives on dentine at different depths and tubule orientations; fracture toughness and bond strength test results suggest that the fracture toughness of a resin composite may not be of significant influence on microtensile and µSBS tests outcomes for nano-filled hybrid materials. / An investigation of the bonding ability of self-etching primer adhesives under various tooth preparation conditions was carried out. Enamel and dentine specimens were prepared from human teeth and finished with various rotary cutting instruments and the erbium, chromium:yttrium, scandium, gallium, garnet laser. Specimens were bonded with two 2-step self-etching primer adhesives and two ‘all-in-one’ adhesives with a resin composite. The results showed that one of the 2-step adhesives exhibited higher but more variable µSBS than the ‘all-in-one’ adhesives and a silorane-based self-etching primer adhesive system to enamel and dentine. / The relationship between enamel microhardness and µSBS was evaluated. Enamel specimens were prepared and finished with one half of the surface tested for hardness using the Vickers test. The other half of the enamel surface was bonded using either a 2-step self-etching primer adhesive or an ‘all-in-one’ adhesive and a hybrid resin composite. Mean Vickers hardness numbers and µSBS for each enamel surface were calculated. Analysis using Pearson’s parametric test for regression analysis evaluated the correlation between Vickers hardness and µSBS. The results revealed a weak negative insignificant correlation between VHN and µSBS for the 2-step adhesive and no correlation for the ‘all-in-one’ adhesive. / The effect of conditioning and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on bonding to bleached and unbleached enamel was investigated. Four groups of enamel specimens: untreated control; bleaching with 16% carbamide peroxide gel for 90 min daily x 14 days; treated with CPP-ACP paste (Tooth Mousse, GC Corp., Japan) for 60 min daily x 7 days and bleached and CPP-ACP-treated were used. The specimens were divided into a further two groups and bonded with a total-etch adhesive or a 2-step self-etching primer adhesive. Specimens bonded with the self-etching primer adhesive were sub-divided into four conditioning subgroups before bonding: no conditioning; 30 – 40% phosphoric; 15% EDTA; 20% polyacrylic acid. Specimens were tested in shear mode until failure and analysed by 2-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The µSBS of the total-etch adhesive was not affected by enamel treatment. Bleaching reduced the µSBS of the self-etching primer adhesive but preconditioning with phosphoric acid and polyacrylic acid improved bond strengths after CPP-ACP application. Bond failure analysis revealed a predominance of adhesive failures after bleaching, but prior conditioning reduced the proportion of adhesive failures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the interfacial morphology produced by the 2-step self-etching primer adhesive was independent of enamel treatment except after bleaching. Phosphoric acid etching was not inhibited by CPP-ACP treatment. Resin tag formation was observed with prior phosphoric acid and polyacrylic acid conditioning. / The effect of conditioning and CPP-ACP application on dentine bonding was also investigated. Dentine specimens with and without the smear layer were prepared and divided into a further two groups, CPP-ACP paste applied to one group for 60 min daily x 7 days and the other group was untreated. The two groups were divided into three subgroups for conditioning: no conditioning; 30 - 40% phosphoric acid; 20% polyacrylic acid. The dentine was bonded using a 2-step self-etching primer adhesive and an ‘all-in-one’ adhesive, and tested as previously described. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at α = 0.05. The results showed that the µSBS of both adhesives were not significantly affected on smear-covered dentine but was affected on smearless dentine. Conditioning did not improve bond strengths. Bond failure analysis showed more adhesive failures for the ‘all-in-one’ adhesive, particularly on smearless dentine and with prior polyacrylic acid conditioning. SEM revealed a similar morphology of the bonded interface for the 2-step self-etching primer adhesive regardless of conditioning; and areas of bond failures for the ‘all-in-one’ adhesive. / The 2-step self-etching primer adhesives exhibited higher bond strength and more regular bond integrity than the ‘all-in-one’ adhesives, as shown on the SEM observations. However, the ‘all-in-one’ adhesives exhibited less variability in bond strengths to tooth surface characteristics.